L OUISIANA T ECH U NIVERSITY COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING & SCIENCE Large Scale Reactors to Reduce...
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Transcript of L OUISIANA T ECH U NIVERSITY COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING & SCIENCE Large Scale Reactors to Reduce...
LOUISIANA TECH UNIVERSITYCOLLEGE OF ENGINEERING & SCIENCE
Large Scale Reactors to Reduce Cellulosic Ethanol Costs
November 5, 2009
College of Engineering and Science
Dr. James D. Palmer, Dr. Yuri Lvov, Dr. Hisham Hegab, Dr. Dale Snow
Qi Xing, Dezhi Zhang, Joe Nealy, Bam Aryal
LOUISIANA TECH UNIVERSITYCOLLEGE OF ENGINEERING & SCIENCE
Ethanol for Fuel•Sugar (Current technology) – fermented from sugar (corn or sugar cane)•Cellulose – waste biomass, wood, switchgrass
•Does not compete with food•Reduces Green-House Gas emissions by 86%•Cellulose must be converted to sugars – then fermented as normal
LOUISIANA TECH UNIVERSITYCOLLEGE OF ENGINEERING & SCIENCE
O H
H
H
C
H
OHH
C
C
C
O
CC
O
H OH
HO
H
Sugar (glucose)
H
H
Ethanol
Carbon Dioxide
O H
H
C
H
OHH
C
C
C
O
CCH O
H
H
H
H
O H
H
C
H
OHH
C
C
C
O
CCH O
H
H
H
H
O H
H
C
H
OHH
C
C
C
O
CCH O
H
H
H
H
O H
H
C
H
OHH
C
C
C
O
CCH O
H
H
H
H
O H
H
C
H
OHH
C
C
C
O
CCH O
H
H
H
H
O O O O
Cellulose
LOUISIANA TECH UNIVERSITYCOLLEGE OF ENGINEERING & SCIENCE
Cellulosic Ethanol•Priority by Department of Energy (2 billion gal. – 2013, 16 billion gal. – 2022)•Best Technology uses Expensive Enzymes – Iogen, Genencor, Novozymes•“Free Enzyme” can only be used one time or Immobilized onto surface to Reuse•Estimated savings by Reusing ~$32 million each ethanol plant, or $7.5 billion in nation
•June 2002 NREL technical report NREL/TP-510-324388 “Lignocellulosic Biomass to Ethanol Process Design and Economics utilizing Co-Current Dilute Acid Prehydrolysis and Enzymatic Hydroylsis for Corn Stover
LOUISIANA TECH UNIVERSITYCOLLEGE OF ENGINEERING & SCIENCE
Layer-by-Layer Nano Self-AssemblyFor Enzyme Immobilization
•LbL can be reapplied easily in manufacturing environment (large scale)•LbL applicable to mixture of enzymes
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+ + + + + + + + + + + +Polyelectrolytes
Enzymes
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Enzymes
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LOUISIANA TECH UNIVERSITYCOLLEGE OF ENGINEERING & SCIENCE
Accomplishments
• QCM and Zeta potential confirm LbL immobilization is effective
• Free enzyme batch reactor data for benchmark (one commercial enzyme MUCH more active than others tested)
• Immobilized enzyme batch reactor data
• Pre-treatment methods (base, acid, ultrasound) – very big impact on conversion!
LOUISIANA TECH UNIVERSITYCOLLEGE OF ENGINEERING & SCIENCE
Immobilized enzyme is lower than “free” enzyme; this is expected, savings calculated assumed 10x less activity!
LOUISIANA TECH UNIVERSITYCOLLEGE OF ENGINEERING & SCIENCE
Future Work• Nanotechnology
opportunities to improve activity
• Impact of pre-treatments• Test cellulose from wood
mills (other commercial sources)
LOUISIANA TECH UNIVERSITYCOLLEGE OF ENGINEERING & SCIENCE
Questions?
Comments?
LOUISIANA TECH UNIVERSITYCOLLEGE OF ENGINEERING & SCIENCE
N
CH3CH3
Cl -
PDDAN H2
+
SO-3 Na+
PSSSO-3 K+
PVS
NH3+ Cl -
PAH
PEIN
CH3CH3
Cl -
PDDA
N
CH3CH3
Cl -N
CH3CH3
Cl -
PDDAN H2
+
SO-3 Na+
PSS
SO-3 Na+
PSSSO-3 K+
PVS
SO-3 K+
PVS
NH3+ Cl -
PAH
NH3+ Cl -
PAH
PEI
Polyelectrolytes Studied
PolyvinylsulfatePolystyrenesulfonate
Polyethylenimine
Polyallylamine Polydiallyldimethylammonium
Polycations
Polyanions