L 6 Production Function20.5.15

Production Function:

Returns to a Factor

and Returns to Scaleauqpwdn Pln: swDn dw pRqIPl

Aqy pYmwny dy pRqIPl

1

pySkS; bldyv isMG lYkcrwr ieknwimks, s.s.s.s.huiSAwrpur (s.A.s.ngr)

auqpwdn Pln dw ArQ

• BOiqk swDnW Aqy BOiqk auqpwdn dy iv`c pweyjwx vwly qknIkI sbMD[

Qx=f(L,K)

• (ie`Qy Qx= X vsqU dw BOiqk auqpwdn, • L=ikrq dIAW BOiqk iekweIAW,• K=pMUjI dIAW BOiqk iekweIAW ,• F= Pln)

2

auqpwdn dw ArQ

• auqpwdn qoN Bwv AwgqW (kwrkW ) (ikrq, pMUjI,BUmI)dw vsqUAW iv`c rupWqrx hY[

3

auqpwdk (Poducer)

auqpwdk;iksy ivAkqIjW Prm qoN hY, ijhVwv`Kry auqpwdn dyswDnW nMU kMm auqy lgwky vsqUAW Aqy syvwvWdw auqpwdn krdy hn[

4

ku`l auqpwd (Total Production)

iksy smyN AvDI iv`c ie`k ArQivvsQwiv`c auqpwdkW rwhIN auqpwdq vsqUAWAqy syvwvW dw ku`l joV hY[

TP=APxL

(ie`Qy TP=ku`l auqpwdn, AP=AOsqauqpwdn, L= ikrq)

5

6

auqpwdn dy swDnW dIAWiekweIAW -ikrq

ku`l auqpwdn

1 5

2 10

3 15

4 24

5 30

6 30

7 25

8 20

7

5

10

30

To

tal

Pro

du

cti

on

1 2 3 4 5

Units of Factors of Production

TP

Y

XO

6 7 8

15

20

25

5

10

15

24

30

30

25

20

TP

sImWq auqpwdn(Marginal Production)

pirvrqnSIl swDnW dI ie`k iekweI dwijAwdw jW G`t pRXog krn qy ku`lauqpwd iv`c jo AMqr AwauNdw hY aus nMUsImWq auqpwdn ikhw jWdw hY[

MP= TPn-TPn-1

(ie`Qy MP = sImWq auqpwdn TP= ku`l auqpwdn)

8

9


ku`lauqpwdn

sImWqauqpwdn

1 5 5

2 9 9-5=4

3 12 12-9=3

4 14 14-12=2

5 15 15-14=1

6 15 15-15=0

7 14 14-15= -1

8 12 12-14= -2

10

1

2

3

5P

rod

ucti

on

1 2 3 4

MY

XO

-2 P

Marginal Production

Zero

+ve


4

-15 6 7 8

-VE

AOsq auqpwd(Average Production)

ku`l auqpwdn nMU pirvrqnSIl swDnW dIAW ku`liekweIAW nwl Bwg dyx qy AOsq auqpwd

ku`l auqpwdn (TP)AOsq auqpwd (AP) =-----------------

pirvrqnSIl swDnW dIAWku`l iekweIAW (L)

11

12


ku`lauqpwdn

AoOsqauqpwdn

1 3 3

2 8 4

3 15 5

4 24 6

5 25 5

6 24 4

7 25 3.57

8 20 2.5

13

1

2

3

5

Pro

du

cti

on

1 2 3 4

Y

XO

AP

Average Production


4

5 6 7 8

6

34

5

65

4

3.57

2.5

auqpwdn Pln“auqpwdn Pln iksy Prm dy auqpwdn swDnW

Aqy auqpwdn iv`c sbMD dw nW hY[”Watson

“ieh auqpwdn Pln ie`k qknIkI sbMD hYjo ieh d`sdw hY ik ie`k id`qy hoey qknIkIigAwn dy AwDwr’qy AwgqW(Inputs) dIinSicq mwqrw rwhIN ikMnI auqpqI(Output) hoskdI hY[” Lipsy

14

auqpwdn Pln

QoVy smyN dw auqpwdn Pln

lMby smyN dw auqpwdn Pln

15

pirvrqnSIl Anupwq dy inXm rwhINivAwiKAw[pihlI ivAwiKAw PrYNc ArQ-SwsqrI trgot(Turgot)

auqpwdn dy ie`k swDn nMU siQr r`K ky dUsirAWdI mwqrw iv`c pirvrqn kIqw jWdw hY[Anupwq bdl jWdw hY[ audwhrx 5 eykV zmInqy 1 mzdUr Anupwq; 5:1jy 5 eykV qy 2 mzdUr qW Anupwq ; 5:2swDnW dy Anupwq’c pirvrqn nwl auqpwdn qyAsr dw ivSlySx kIqw jWdw hY[

16

QoVy smyN dw auqpwdn Pln

QoVy smy dw auqpwdn Pln

AnupwqqoN v`D drnwl vDdw

Anupwqkdr nwlvDdw

G`t drnwl vDdw

17

mwnqwvW• 1. ie`k swDn pirvrqnSIl Aqy dUjy swry swDn

siQr rihMdy hn[ • 2. siQr Aqy pirvrqnSIl swDnW dy Anupwq iv`c

pirvrqn krnw sMBv hY[• 3.sMgTn Aqy auqpwdn ivDIAW’c pirvrqn nhIN• 4. pirvrqnSIl swDnW dIAW swrIAW iekweIAW

ie`k smwn hn[• 5.inXm QoVy smyN iv`c lwgU [• 6.inXm swDnW dI mwqrw Aqy auqpwdn dI BOiqk

mwqrw iv`c sbMD d`sdw hY[

18

siQrswDn BUmI

pirvrqnSIlswDn ikrqI

TP AP MP ivAwiKAw

10 0 0 - -10 1 20 20 20 vDdy pRqIPl

dI AvsQw10 2 50 25 3010 3 90 30 40

10 4 120 30 30

Gtdy pRqIPl dI AvsQw

10 5 140 28 2010 6 156 26 1610 7 161 23 510 8 161 20 0

10 9 153 17 -8 irxwqmkAvsQw

19

20

20

40

60

180To

tal

Pro

du

cti

on

1 2 3 4 5

G TPCY

O

6

F

Ave

rag

e / M

arg

ina

l

Pro

du

cti

on

MPC

10

15

2 5

35

O1 2 3 4 5 6

-8

X

X

7 8 9

7 8 9

120

100

80

140

160

5

20

30

40

APC

vDdwpRqIPl G`tdw

pRqIPl irxwqmkpRqIPl

TP205090

120140156161161153

AP202530302826232017

MP20304030201650-8

swDnW dy v`Ddy pRqIPl dy inXm lwgUhox dy kwrn

• (i) siQr swDn dw pUrn aupXog• (ii) pirvrqnSIl swDn dI kuSlqwiv`c vwDw ikrq-vMf sMBv ,kuSlqw iv`cvwDw , sImWq auqpwdkqw v`D jWdI hY

•

(iii)swDnW iv`̀c auic`q qwlmyl

21

swDnW dy G`tdy pRqIPl dy inXm lwgUhox dy kwrn

• (i) auqpwdn dy siQr swDn dI Gwt:-• Anupwq G`t ho jWdw hY Aqy G`tdy- v`DdyswDn dw sImWq auqpwd G`t hox lgdwhY [

• (ii)ApUrn swDn pRqIsQwpnqw• (iii)swDnW dw G`t qwlmyl• (iv) v`D vrqoN

22

KyqI qy lwgU hox dy kwrn• (i) pRwikrqk kwrn• (ii) BUmI dy aupjwaUpn iv`c Gwt• (iii) ikrq ivBwjn dy G`t mOky• (iv) G`t dyK-ryK• (v) mSInW dI G`t vrqoN• (vi) mOsmI DMdw• (vii) BUmI dy aupjwaUpn iv`c AMqr• (viii) BUmI dI sImq pUrqI

23

swry swDn pirvrqnSIl ,koeI vI swDn siQr nhIN [dIrGkwl iv`c swry swDnW nMU ie`k hI Anupwqiv`c vDw ky iksy vsqU dy auqpwdn nMU vDwieAwjw skdw hY[pRqIPl iv`c jo pirvrqn hovygw, aus nMUauqpwdn dy pYmwny dw pRqIPl khWgy[

24

lMmy smyN dw auqpwdn Pln

pYmwny dw pRqIPl

vDdwpRqIPl

smwnpRqIPl

G`tdwpRqIPl

25

pYmwny dy vDdy pRqIPl

• swry swDnW dw pRXog ie`k hI Anupwq iv`cvDwey jwx qy jd auqpwdn iv`c aus AnupwqqoN v`D vwDw hovy qW pYmwny dy v`Ddy pRqIPl dIAvsQw iv`c hovygw [

• audwhrn; jykr auqpwdn dy swDnW iv`c 10%vwDw krn nwl auqpwdn iv`c 15% jW iesqoN v`D vwDw huMdw hy qW ies nMU pYmwny dw v`DdwpRqIPl ikhw jwvygw[

26

ikrqI Aqy pUMjI dIAWiekweIAW

TP MP AP

1 10 - 102 22 12 113 36 14 124 52 16 135 70 18 14

27

28

4

8

12

18

Marg

inal

Pro

du

cti

on

1 2 3 4

Y

XO

Increasing

Returns

Units of Labour and Capital

14

5

16

R

I

pYmwny dy smwn jW siQr pRqIPl

• ijs iv`c auqpwdn iv`c ausy Anupwq iv`cvwDw huMdw hY ijs Anupwq iv`c auqpwdn dyswDnW nMU vDwieAw jWdw hY[

• mMn lE ikrq Aqy pUMjI dI mwqrw iv`c 10%vwDw huMdw hY qW ies dy PlsrUp auqpwdn iv`cvI 10% dw vwDw hovygw[

29


TP MP AP

1 10 - 102 20 10 103 30 10 104 40 10 105 50 10 1

30

31

4

8

12

18

Marg

inal

Pro

du

cti

on

1 2 3 4

Y

XO

Constant

Returns


14

16

10R

2

C

pYmwny dy G`tdy pRqIPl

ijs iv`c auqpwdn iv`c pRqISq pirvrqn swryAwgqW iv`c kIqy gey pRqISq bdlwv qoN G`thuMdw hY[audwhrn; jykr auqpwdn dy swDnW iv`c 15% vwDwkrn nwl auqpwdn iv`c 10% vwDw huMdw hY qW iesnMU pYmwny dw G`tdw pRqIPl ikhw jwvygw[

32


TP MP AP

1 6 - 62 9 3 4.53 11 2 3.64 12 1 3

33

34

1

2

5

Marg

inal

Pro

du

cti

on

1 2 3 4

Y

XO

Diminishing

Returns


4

5

3

R

D

35

THANKSpySks; bldyv isMG sMDUlYkcrwr ArQ ivigAwn,

s.s.s.s.huiSAwrpur (s.A.s.ngr)

L 6 Production Function20.5.15

Education

Transcript of L 6 Production Function20.5.15