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AT A GLANCE

KRISHI VIGYAN KENDRA KAPURTHALACOMMITTED TO SERVE FARMING COMMUNITY

Compiled and edited by

MANOJ SHARMA, GAGANDEEP KAUR

AND GURDEEP SINGHKrishi Vigyan

Kendra, kapurthala Punjab Agricultural

UniversityLudhiana – 141 004

KVK KAPURTHALA AT A GLANCE

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The Krishi Vigyan Kendras (KVK), as part of the National Research System (NARS) and spearheaded by the Indian Council of Agricultural Research System (ICAR), are involved in the application of science and technology of agriculture in the field. Till now, the ICAR has established 570 KVKs at the rural district level. Recently, the Government of India has approved one additional KVK in the 50 larger districts of the country.

Over the years, the ICAR has strengthened and structured the KVK system as an innovative institutional model for assessment, refinement and on-farm demonstration of agricultural technologies and training of farmers and extension personnel. For strengthening number of facilities are being provided to KVKs including e-connectivity for availability of web enabled technology, facilities for soil and water testing, plant health diagnostic and minimal agro-processing, and additional demonstration units on rainwater harvesting structures with micro-irrigation system and integrated farming system. Ever since the establishment of KVKs, they have continued their efforts for assessment and refinement of various techniques and technologies for productivity enhancement on farmer's field. ICAR is also planning to provide Wi-Fi enabled mobile diagnostic cum exhibition units at Directorate of Extension for use of the KVKs, besides continuation of support to the Directorate for knowledge empowerment, technological backstopping and human resource development.

KVKs are now focusing on diverse information needs of farmers not only for the production procedures, but also for quality certification and reporting, grading, packaging, storage, transportation and other requirements for both domestic and export markets. KVKs take up the technology interventions in the emerging areas of technology development including crops, horticulture, conservation and management of natural resources, animal husbandry and fisheries.

ABOUT THE DISTRICTLOCATION Kapurthala is a district of Punjab state in northern India. The district

is divided into two noncontiguous parts, the main Kapurthala-Sultanpur Lodhi portion and the Phagwara block.The Kapurthala-Sultanpur Lodhi part lies between north latitude 31° 07' and 31° 22' and east longitude 75° 36'.

Phagwara tehsil lies between north latitude 31° 22' and east longitude 75° 40' and 75° 55'. Phagwara lies on the National Highway No 1, and is much more industrially developed than the other tehsils of the District.

TEHSILS The district has three subdivisions/tehsils: Kapurthala, Phagwara, and Sultanpur Lodhi.

AREA The total area of the district is 1633 km² (630 mi²) POPULATION Kapurthala district is one of the smallest districts of Punjab in terms

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of both area and population, with 754,521 people (2001 census).

ECONOMY The economy of the district is still predominantly agricultural. The major crops are wheat, rice, sugarcane, potato and maize.

MAJOR CROPPING SYSTEMSSr. No Cropping system / enterprise1. Paddy-Wheat

2. Paddy-Potato-Muskmelon

3. Paddy-Potato-Sunflower

4. Paddy-Potato-Maize

5. Paddy-Peas-Sunflower

6. Paddy-Peas-Late Wheat

7. Paddy-Cauliflower-Sunflower8. Sugarcane -Ratoon

While dairy is the major subsidiary occupation adopted by the farmers, enterprises like bee keeping, floriculture, horticulture, fish farming and mushroom growing are also practiced by farmers.

BET The major portion of Kapurthala district lies between the Beas River and the Kali-Bein River and is called the ‘BET’ area. This area is prone to floods.

DHUSSI BUNDH

Flood protection bundh called ‘Dhussi Bundh’ has been constructed along the left bank of the Beas River, and it has saved the area from the ravages of flood. The entire district is an alluvial plain.

DONA To the south of the river Black Bein lies the tract known as ‘DONA’ meaning the soil formed of two constituents i.e. the sand and clay.

CLIMATE The climate is typical of the Punjab plains i.e. hot in summers and cold in winters. It has sub-tropical continental monsoon type climate. Intensive cultivation in the district leaves no scope for forest cover and the wild life is practically nonexistent.

ABOUT THE SOIL OF THE DISTRICT OR AGRO-ECOLOGICAL SITUATION OF THE DISTRICT

District Kapurthala falls in central plain agro-ecological climatic zone. The soil of this zone has developed under semi-arid condition. The soil of the central zone generally recognized as alluvial, falls into two categories. Water logging and alkalinity in the soil is the major problem of the area. The soil is sandy loam to clay with pH from 7.8 to 8.5.

a) Arid And Brown Soil: This type of soil is found in Sultanpur tehsil of Kapurthala. The texture is sandy-loam and the fertility is from medium to high. The soil is calcareous and lacks nitrogen but contains a fair amount of phosphorus and potash.

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b) Tropical Arid Brown Soil: This soil covers parts of Kapurthala district except Sultanpur. The soil is deficient in nitrogen, potash and phosphorus. Water-logging, alkalinity and salinity pose serious problems. The texture of the soil is sandy loam in south-western half but in the north-western half the texture becomes clay. The fertility of the soil varies from medium to high.

AREA, PRODUCTION AND PRODUCTIVITY OF MAJOR CROPS CULTIVATED IN THE DISTRICT

Crop 2006-07 2007-08A P Y A P Y

Paddy 110.0 414.0 3768.0 114.0 428.0 3753.0Maize 3.0 11.0 3849.0 3.0 10.8 3608.0Wheat 109.0 444.0 4077.0 111.0 506.0 4556.0Sugarcane 4.0 24.0 5932.0 3.4 28.0 8320.0Potato 5.3 1157.0 21780.0 6.7 1778.9 25440.0Muskmelon 3.1 1039.5 33000.0 1.2 NA NA

A= Area ‘000’ ha, P=Production in ‘000’ tonnes, Y= Yield in Kg/ha

ABOUT THE KVK, KAPURTHALA

KVK, Kapurthala was established in 1992. It is situated on Kapurthala Sultanpur main road about 4 Kms from the bus stand adjacent to new grain market. KVK Kapurthala is spearheaded by ICAR and is under the control of Director of Extension Education, Punjab Agricultural University (PAU), Ludhiana is working for the well fare of the farming community.

KVK Kapurthala provides technological backstopping for new schemes initiated by Government in XI plan viz; Agricultural Technology Management Agency (ATMA) Rashtriya Krishi Vikas Yojana (RKVY), National Food Security Mission (NFSM) and other such projects.

MANDATE OF KVK

1. Assessment and refinement of technologies through “On farm testing” (OFT) according to the problems in the area.

2. Capacity building of extension personnel by imparting training to field level extension workers.

3. To organize short and long term vocational courses in agriculture and allied occupations for the farmers and rural youth with emphasis on “learning by doing” for higher production on farms and generating self- employment.

4. To conduct Front line demonstrations (FLD) at farmers field for exposing farmers to new technologies

TRAINING PROGRAMMES

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KVK organize various training programmes for farmers, farmwomen, rural youth and extension personnel. The content of training programmes is decided through brain storming session in Scientific Advisory Committee (SAC) meeting which is held under the chairmanship of honourable Vice Chancellor of Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana.

Training courses arranged on the KVK premises but some courses are arranged off campus the basis or need and requirement of rural people.

Short Duration Training Courses: These training courses are of 1 to 3 day duration. Knowledge and skill in spraying techniques, animal feed preparation, insect pest and disease control, horticulture, marketing, etc. is imparted in these training courses.

Vocational Training Courses: For the unemployed rural youth vocational training courses are arranged time to time. These courses are of 10 days to 3 month duration. To provide practical skill in various agricultural and allied enterprises demonstration units has been established at KVK. Farmers are provided training in the beekeeping, mushroom growing, dairy

farming and

seed production. Farm women are trained in soft toy making, preservation of fruits and vegetables, fabric painting, and embroidery etc.

Refresher Training course: Field extension workers of various line departments viz; Department of Agriculture, Department of Horticulture, Department of Animal Husbandry, etc are provided training to upgrade their skills.

Front Line Demonstrations (FLD): Front line demonstrations are conducted by KVK scientists, to encourage farmers for adoption of latest innovations at farmer’s field, to reduce adoption gap between recommended and farmer’s practice and to promote diversification in the district. FLDs are conducted on pulses, oilseed crops, laser leveler, happy seeder, tensiometer, artificial induction and urea mineral molasses licks (UMMB) etc. On farm testing (OFT): On farm testing is done to solve the location specific problems of the farmers and to assess and refine new technologies according to needs of local farmers. KVK test efficacy of different pesticides/weedicides.

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SANCTIONED STAFF STRENGTH

DEPUTY DIRECTOR

Assistant Professor

Assistant Professor

Assistant Professor

Assistant Professor

Assistant Professor

Assistant Professor

(Agronomy)  (Horticulture)

(Animal Science)

(Plant Protection)

(Home science)

(Extension)

Programme Assistant  Farm manager  Programme Assistant (Computer)

Office Superintendent

Steno Cum Comp. Op

Peon Driver - 2

Sr. No

Sanctioned post Discipline

1. Programme Coordinator Animal Nutrition

2. Subject Matter Specialist Agronomy3. Subject Matter Specialist Food Science & Nutrition4. Subject Matter Specialist Soil Fertility5. Subject Matter Specialist Plant Pathology6. Subject Matter Specialist Extension Education7. Subject Matter Specialist Horticulture

8. Demonstrator Home Science

9. Demonstrator Agricultural Engineering

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Demonstrator Animal Science

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Driver Tractor

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Driver Jeep

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Senior Assistant Sr. Assistant

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Stenographer Steno-typist

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Supporting Staff Beldar

16. Supporting Staff Beldar

INFRASTRUCTURE AVAILABLE

Sr. No

Name of building Plinth area (m2)

1. Administrative Building

535.5 E-connectivity lab

Soil & Water testing laboratory

Basic plant health diagnostic lab

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Home Science Lab

2. Farmers Hostel 305.03. Staff Quarters (4) 240.04. Demonstration Units (4)

Implement Shed 50.0

Dairy Shed 100.0 Poultry Shed 50.0 Bee-keeping 50.0 Integrated fish farm 50.0

5. Threshing floor 82’X82’6. Farm godown -

MAJOR AGRICULTURAL PROBLEMS OF THE DISTRICT AND THRUST AREAS

Area Major Problems Thrust AreasCrops -Depleting underground water

without any recharge

-Deterioration of soil health.

-Burning of Paddy straw.

-Use of higher doses of nitrogenous and potash fertilizers.

-Use of un-recommended varieties

-Use of un-recommended brands of pesticides and weedicides

-Increased incidence of seed borne diseases.

-Indiscriminate use of insecticides.

-Motivating farmers for seed production of cereal, vegetable, oilseed and pulse crops.-Transfer of Integrated pest management technologies in various cereals, vegetables oilseed and pulse crops.-Promoting seed treatment.-Proper spraying techniques.-Popularizing use of resource conservation technologies like laser leveler, rotavator, zero till drill, happy seeder.-Sensitizing farmers about environmental pollution and climate change

Animal Husbandry

-Low milk production.

-Prevalence of mastitis in cows.

-Poor knowledge about internal and external parasites.

-Non availability of veterinary doctor in the villages.

-Non conception of crossbred cows after 3rd lactation.-Anoestrus & repeat breeding in cross bred cows.

-Promoting use of mineral mixture in daily feeding schedule of dairy animals.-Making farmers aware about control of internal and external parasites.-Imparting skill in cattle feed formulation at farmers’ level.-Clean milk production.-Artificial induction of milk in crossbred cattle.-Cultivation of leguminous and non leguminous fodders.

Horticulture

Non availability of quality vegetable seeds.

Poor knowledge of production technology of vegetables.

Seed production of Chilies, Okra, Onion and Peas.Training on cultivation of seasonal vegetables.

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Harvesting of vegetable at improper stage.

Fruit drop in Kinnow

Attack of fruit fly in Guava orchard during rainy season.Frost damage to vegetable crops.

Proper harvesting techniques in vegetables.Management of Kinnow orchards.IPM in Guava Cultivation of vegetables under low tunnel technique and poly house.

Home Science

Unaware of balanced diet and nutritious foods.

Low shelf life of homemade preserved products.

Poor knowledge about proper upkeep of household gadgets.

Low decision making ability among farm women due to weak financial position.

Preparation of low cost balanced foods.

Preservation of seasonal fruits & vegetables.

Care of various domestic appliances.Subsidiary occupations for women to increase family income.

Other Lack of interest of rural youth in agriculture due diminishing returns from agriculture

Loss of traditional wealth and local varieties with the advancement of agriculture

Lack of proper marketing infrastructure

Developing entrepreneurship development qualities among rural youthCompilation of traditional technologies in Annual Progress Report of KVK and awareness of farmers about Intellectual property rightsTraining on marketing strategies to faremrs

MONTHWISE DETAIL OF TRAININGS ORGANIZED AT KVK KAPURTHALA

Month Short Duration Training courses (1 to 3 days duration)

Vocational courses

Refresher courses

January *Preparation of urea mineral molasses block

*Handling and maintenance of plant protection equipments

*Entrepreneurship development

*Hybrid seed production of sunflower (3)

*Specialized training course in dairy farming (10)

*Scope of organic farming in context of Punjab agriculture* Farming system approach

February *Balanced feed for broilers and layers

*Value addition to farm based products

*Diet planning for the family

*Establishment of nursery for self employment (3)

*Specialized training course on poultry farming (10)

*Participatory rural appraisal (1)

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*Training course on bee-keeping (10)

March *Seed production of berseem

*Management of orchards

*Detergent making

*Cultivation of tropical mushroom (March to July)

*Formation of wax sheets (3)

*Importance of balanced diet and preparation (2)

April *Care of newly planted orchards in summer season

*Urea feeding in dairy animals

*Laser leveling and its benefits

*Formulation of compound cattle feed (4)

*Specialized training course on stitching & hand embroidery (70)

*Extraction, filtration, packing and marketing of honey (4)

*Formulation of economical and balanced ration for dairy cattle

*Role of green manure and FYM in maintaining soil health

May *Maximization of yield in kharif pulses

*Weed management in kharif crops

*Management of broilers and layers during hot months

*Role of global warming in agriculture

*Seed production of cereal, pulses and oil seed crops (4)

*Specialized training course in dairy farming (10)

*IPM in paddy

*Global warming

June *Summer management of dairy animals

*Children nurturing technologies

*Judicious use of pesticides

*Use of leaf colour chart (LCC) in paddy

*Efficient water management in paddy with tensiometer

* Role of crop diversification viz a viz. resource conservation for best profit margin.

*Hybrid seed production of maize (3)

* Scope of organic farming in context of Punjab agriculture *Improved seed production techniques *Integrated weed management*Reproductive problems in animals and their preventive measures

*Nutrient deficiency symptoms- identification & remedial measures in Kharif crops* Role of conservation agriculture and

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rational use of resources.

July *Layout, digging and filling of pits for planting of fruit plants

*Important diseases of dairy animals and their preventive measures

*Specialized training course on poultry farming (10)

*Nutritional diseases of young and lactating dairy animals

August *Use of agro-industrial by products in dairy and poultry rations

*Supplementation of mineral and vitamins in diary animals

*Important diseases of poultry and their preventive measures

*Food hygiene and sanitation

*Participatory rural appraisal

*Formulation of compound cattle feed (4)

*Effective use of multimedia for transfer of technology

*Establishment and management of integrated nutrition unit

*Silage preparation

September

*Technology of raising oilseed crops

*Raising of vegetable and fruit nursery*Preparation of nutritious recipes from locally available food stuffs

*Marketing strategies

*Specialized training course in dairy farming (10)

*Establishment of nursery for self employment (3)

*Specialized training course on mushroom growing (Sept to Dec.)

*Training course on bee-keeping (10)

*Child health care

*Compost preparation from paddy straw

October *Identification of nutrient deficiency symptoms & judicious use of fertilizers

*Value addition to household linens through fabric painting (10)

*Artificial induction of milk in cross bred

*Carbon sequestration

*Farming system approach

November

*Management of calves, heifers and lactating animals

*Management of late blight in potato

*Development of skill in making soft toys (15)

*Intercropping in orchards*Proper diet of mothers*Infants and pre-school children in special conditions

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*Credit facilities available for farmers,

December

*Weed management in Rabi crops

*Rejuvenation of senile orchards

*Balanced feed computation for dairy animals

*Preservation of fruits and vegetables

*Hybrid seed production of sunflower (10)

*Nutrient deficiency symptoms- identification & remedial measures

Note : Figures in parenthesis are duration of training course

PROMOTIONAL ACTIVITY CHART OF KVKSr. No.

Activity Description Purpose

1. Field Day Field days provide opportunity to the farmers and extension personnel of seeing the results of new practices, demonstration, implements etc.

To give them an idea regarding the suitability & application of these things in their own area or at their field.

2. Kisan Ghosthi

Is used for discussing problems which affect the whole group of people.

3. Exhibition An exhibition is a systematic display of information, actual specimens, models, posters, photographs, and charts, etc in a logical sequence.

For creating awareness about new technologies

4. Method demonstration

/ Result demonstration

It is used to show the how to do new practice or an old practice in a better way.

Result demonstration is used to show the results of a new technology

For skill development or up-gradation

To motivate farmers for adoption of new practices or varieties by comparing and showing their performance at the farmers’ field

5. Seminar It is a presentation delivered to an audience on a particular topic or set of topics that are educational in nature. Discussion is held after the presentation.

For educating the farmers and clearing their doubts.

6. Group meetings

These are usually held for passing on certain information to group of people for future action.

For training of farmers on topic which are common to group

7. Lectures It is method of training in which For training of farmers

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speaker deliver information and participation of the audience is limited.

in areas which does not require skill up-gradation

8. Radio talks / TV talks

Radio and TV are the powerful medium for communication of message to rural masses in short period of time.

For approaching masses and for quick dissemination of the message and in case of emergency

9. Extension Literature

Newspapers, magazines, bulletins, leaflets, folders, pamphlets & wall paintings are set of mass media for communicating information to a large number of literate people.

For publicity and awareness

10. Field visits/Office visits

It is the method of individual counseling to solve the problem of the farmer which is more complex in nature

To solve specific problem of the farmer

11. Diagnostic visits

These are conducted to find and identify the specific problem in the area.

To identify diseases, deficiencies or toxic effects in crops and animals.

12. Ex-trainees Sammelan

In this meeting is held with ex-trainees of the KVK to get feedback about the impact of trainings and to get their suggestions in improving the efficiency.

To keep follow up of the trainees and to solve their problems related to credit and marketing etc.

13. Soil test campaigns

Campaigns are used to focus the attention of the people on a particular problem which are common to the community

For moving farmers for judicious use of fertilizers

14. Training Training involves increasing knowledge, improving skill or inculcating new skills and changing attitude for improving the overall working efficiency of the person.

SPECIAL PROJECTS Seed multiplication : KVK produce certified seed of improved varieties of wheat, rice for distribution among farmersKitchen Gardening : KVK Kapurthala is running a special project on kitchen gardening sponsored by Sir Ratan Tata Trust. Under this project 50 kitchen gardens has been established in village Balerkhanpur. Seed kits of summer and winter vegetables are provided free of cost to the beneficiaries.

Department of Animal Husbandry

Department of Fisheries NABARD and other Banks

Small Scale industries and other vocational institutes

Bee Keepers AssociationPotato Growers Association

Self Help Groups (SHGs)

Krishi Vigyan Kendra Kapurthala

Regional Research Station (RRS)

Farm Advisory Service Scheme (FASS)

Department of Agriculture

Department of Horticulture

Department of Soil Conservation

Department of Forestry

IFFCOKRIBHCOPesticide companies

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FIG: KVK’s liaison with other development departments/ Agencies

For more information contact

Dr Manoj SharmaDeputy Director (Training)

Krishi Vigyan Kendra, KapurthalaContact : 98727-45890 (M), 01822-233056 (O)

drmanojsh1@gmail.comkvkkapurthala@gmail.com