Electricity Supply from Micro Hydro for Rural communities

the key uses and Benefits

Adrian Lasimbang Executive Director

TONIBUNG Friends for Village Development

Non Profit Organisation – Community Sustainable Development

Introduction • Tonibung’s experience in micro-hydro development

has demonstrated the positive impact a micro-hydro can have when implemented in a way that puts beneficiaries in the driver’s seat through an integrated approach.

• Tonibung experiance was built through smart partnership with sister company ERA WIRA SDN BHD and PENAMPANG RENEWABLE ENERGY SDN BHD and various NGOs such as Green Empowerment, EWB-UK, HP Net (Hydro Power Empowerment Network)

Mission and Focus Mission

• Tonibung provide rural, indigenous villages with access to clean water, electricity through renewable energy, and sustainable solutions.

Program Focus

• We prioritize integrated projects that serve the greatest human need, are sustainable over time, and have the possibility of broader impact beyond any one community.

What is Micro Hydro Power • “Micro-hydro” is a classification of

technologies used generate electricity from the kinetic energy of moving water. Although definitions vary, for our purposes we refer to run-of-river micro-hydro electric schemes under 100 kW.

Head (H) = Vertical

drop in Meters

Flow (Q) = Volume of water

in Liters per Second

Typical Micro-hydro system layout

Our Micro-Hydro Systems

• Generate electricity for household uses including: lighting, refrigeration.

• Offer energy-efficient lighting and power for public services such as schools, health clinics, and community centers.

• Supply energy for income-generating activities, such as crop processing.

• Reduce the consumption of fossil fuels and firewood.

• Can be integrated with drinking water distribution and irrigation.

• Are integrated with traditional indigenous resource management systems.

The Community-Based Model

Engage Community Networks

Identify/Establish Community-Based

Organization

Conduct Feasibility Studies

Implement a Pilot Project

Develop Financing Mechanisms

Project Development Process

Community Consultations and Research

Survey and Design

Mechanical Works

Cottage Industry Integration

Civil Works

Electrical Distribution and

House Wiring

Long Term Management

Plan

Community Mapping and

Watershed Protection Plan

Community-based Micro-hydro involves 80% “Social Engineering”

• Determine existing community resource management systems and strategies that can be applied to the utility.

• All projects source as many resources as possible locally, many of which are provided in kind by the community.

• In Borneo, a communal work strategy known as “gotong royong” is employed.

• These practices increase community buy-in while reducing costs.

• Facilitate the establishment of the “micro-hydro committee”.

• Identify, then train between 2-6 local operators

• Establishment of Community micro hydro committee or cooperatives

• Cottage industries such as rice mills, boat making workshop, carpentry workshop, crafts centre

• Powering community centers – Balairaya, Community Learning centers, Community Tele centers

• Enabling Communications –

VSATs and Remote BTS, Nano GSM, Femto cells

Community Micro Hydro Key Uses

Key Uses and examples • Energy for living – Lights,

Entertainment, TV, cooking (in some extent e.g Bario Asal)

• Energy for social cohesion- meetings, karaoke, parties

• Energy for Socio Political – off grid power self sustaining, community empowerment, access to information, build public perceptions

• Energy for health – medical camps at night (mercy Malaysia), powering dentist tools, refrigeration of medicines

Community Micro Hydro Benefits

• Since 2000 have implemented 16 Micro hydro projects, 10 in the pipeline

• Empowerment for communities

• Use local available resources

• Enhance available skills

• 24hrs supply enhance socio economy development and livelihood

• Protect the forest area within the watershed area

• Reduce green house gases and other pollution

Community Micro Hydro Benefits • Building human capital in rural areas

Indentified local champions

• Generate some economy during construction – supply of local building materials such as Sand, Gravel, wood etc

• Preservation of local Adat such as Gotong Royong during construction and Sistem Tagal for watershed conservation

• Establish local industry on Micro hydro components

• Continued watershed protection, preventing pollution and shortages.

• Enables children to study at night

• Residents can enjoy the ability to hold meetings and work on crafts at night.

• Reduces daily expenses for families

Community Micro Hydro Benefits

Community Micro Hydro Benefits

0

500

1000

1500

2000

2500

BUAYAN (10 KW) MUDUNG ABUN (20 KW) BARIO ASAL (45 KW) GOV'T SOLAR HYBRID (20 KW)

10

00

RM

Community

Project Cost Comparison

Cash Cost In Kind Contrbution

Cost effective option for rural off grid electrification

Financing of Borneo Micro-Grids

• Funding sources are still predominantly grant-based, but development funding for Malaysia is scarce, and opportunities are becoming even more limited.

• First steps involved reducing costs, extending the mileage of our grant funding by:

- Sourcing materials, such as timber, sand and aggregate for projects from community in-kind contributions.

- Focus on reducing reliance on foreign expertise and equipment, starting with survey and design, then moving towards assembly and fabrication.

• Turbines are funded through a revolving fund, some projects are funded through soft loans and impact investment.

Hire Purchase and Revolving fund model

• Obtain a soft loan or revolving fund grant for at least one of the project components.

• Conduct market research on a case by case basis to determine each community’s payback capability.

• Model the estimated payback period based on energy consumption patterns, then assign per kWh values.

• Develop a contract with the micro-hydro committee.

• Assess locally available resources to develop downstream, micro-hydro powered cottage industry technologies, reducing payback time.

• Payback achieved within a 4-8 year term.

• Full project hand-over to the committee after the ROI

Integrating Micro-Hydro with Watershed Forest Management

Watershed areas for MHP’s in Sabah

Conclusion

Current status of Micro-hydro Systems • Tonibung have worked together with partners to build

16 micro-hydro systems in Malaysia.

• Nine of these systems were commissioned more than three years ago and are still operating with little to no additional support from Tonibung

• Malaysia has the potential to develop hundreds of additional sites in Borneo that would benefit remote village communities

• In order to scale up rural renewable energy in Malaysia, we need to invest in village-based human resources and the accessibility of renewable technologies

Micro-hydro Systems in Malaysia Tonibung Community Based Micro-Hydro Projects

No State Project Name Village Installed Capacity (kW) Turbine Type Penstock Pipe Material

Time taken to complete Civils, Electromechanic

al and Distribution

(months)

Budget Year Commisioned Funder

1 Sabah MHP Terian Kg. Terian, Penampang 5.0 Pelton PVC 12 RM 130,000.00 2005 SEACOLOGY, The Borneo

Project

2 Sabah MHP Bantul Kg. Bantul, Pensiangan 5.0 Pelton PVC 12 RM 150,000.00 2006 GEF SGP

3 Sabah MHP Buayan Kg Buayan, Penampang 10.5 Crossflow HDPE & PVC 10 RM 250,000.00 2009 DANIDA, GEF SGP

4 Sabah MHP Lumpagas Kg Lumpagas, Pensiangan 2.0 Turgo Poly Pipe 10 RM 80,000.00 2010 DiGi Communications CSR

5 Sabah MHP Saliman Kg. Saliman, Pensiangan 3.0 Turgo HDPE 10 RM 98,000.00 2011 CIMB community link

6 Sabah MHP Inakaak Kg Inakaak, Pensiangan 3.0 Turgo HDPE 10 RM 80,000.00 2012 GEF SGP

7 Sabah MHP Babalitan Kg Babalitan, Pensiangan 5.0 Pelton HDPE 10 RM 150,000.00 2012 Ranhill Powertron Sdn

Bhd

8 Sabah MHP Tiku Kg Tiku, Penampang 10.0 Pelton HDPE 6 RM 150,000.00 2014 GEF SGP, Air Asia

Foundation

9 Sarawak MHP Long

Lawen kg. Long Lawen, Belaga 10.0 Crossflow PVC 24 RM 250,000.00 2000

SEACOLOGY, The Borneo Project

10 Sarawak MHP Bario Asal Kg. Bario Asal, Baram 40.0 Crossflow Rolled Steel 18 RM 450,000.00 2009 SEACOLOGY, The Borneo

Project, GEF SGP

11 Sarawak MHP Mudung

Abun Kg. Mudung Abun, Belaga 20.0 Pelton PVC 16 RM 350,000.00 2010

SEACOLOGY, The Borneo Project, GEF SGP

12 Sarawak MHP Long Lamai Kg. Long Lamai, Baram 15.0 Crossflow HDPE 12 RM 300,000.00 2013 UNIMAS, JICA

13 Sarawak MHP Long Semadoh

Kg Long Semadoh, Lawas 20.0 Crossflow HDPE 8 RM 250,000.00 2014 GEF SGP, Air Asia

Foundation

14 Selangor MHP Tg. Rambai Kg. Orang Asli Tg Rambai, Hulu

Langat 20.0 Prototype PVC 12 RM 150,000.00 2011

GEF SGP, SHELL, Selangor Govt.

Long Lawen, Sarawak- 2001

Terian Sabah - 2005

Project Images - Terian

Bantul, Sabah-2006

Project Images - Bantul

Buayan, Sabah - 2009

Bario, Sarawak -2009

Mudung Abun,Sarawak -2010

Solar Hydro Hybrid system

Micro Hydro System Solar PV system

Battery Bank

Main control Panel & Inverter

Operations and Management

Project Cost

civil structures 40%

Mechanical 20%

Electrical 35%

Operations & maintanance

5%

Micro hydro System Development Cost (%)

• Cost does not include pre project cost such as feasibility study, project design & development

Centre for Renewable Energy and Appropriate Technology (CREATE)

Main Activity: Turbine Design and

fabrication, Research and development,

Training course on RE & Entrepreneurship

Thank You.. For more Information contact us @

Centre for Renewable Energy and Appropriate Technologies (CREATE)

Pusat Inovasi P.O.Box 913

Kg. Nampasan, 89507 Penampang, Sabah

TONIBUNG Block M, Lot 5, 1st Floor Donggongon Township,

89500, Penampang, Sabah http://tonibungrenewables.blogspot.com/ http://rural-energy-borneo.blogspot.com/

http://createborneo.org Tel/Faks: 088 726413

Email: lasimbang@gmail.com