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BY

G VIJAYA KRISHNA

REG NO. 08MR1A0417

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CONTENTS

1. INTRODUCTION

2. COMPONANTS USED IN RFID TECHNOLOGY

2.1. ACTIVE TAGS2.2. PASSIVE TAGS

2.3. RFID READER

3. CLASSIFICATION OF RFID BASED

TECHNOLOGIES3.1. TAG BASED TECHNOLOGY

3.2. READER BASED TECHNOLOGY

3.3. TRANSCEIVER FREE TECHNOLOGY

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4. RFID TAG USED FOR LOCALIZATION ANDTRACKING

5. PROPOSED TECHNOLOGY FOR LOCALIZATIONAND TRACKING

5.1. TAG BASED SCHEME

5.2. TRANSCEIVER FREE SCHEME

6. ADVANTAGES

7. CONCLUSION

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INTRODUCTION

Radio frequency (RF) technology uses electromagneticfrequency spectrum between 3Hz and 300 GHz

RFID enables identification from a distance and it does sowithout requiring a line of sight

RFID based jewellery management has been implementedin numerous countries especially in Dubai and China

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COMPONENTS USED IN RFID

TECHNOLOGY

The RFID based localization and tracking uses two

components, the RFID tag and the reader

The RFID tags are mainly classified into twocategories: active tags and passive tags

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ACTIVE TAGS

Active RFID tags have their own internal power sourcewhich is used to power any ICs that generate the

outgoing signal Active tags transmit at higher power levels than

passive tags, allowing them to be more effective in "RFchallenged" environments like water, metal

Many active tags have practical ranges of hundreds ofmeters, and a battery life of up to 10 years

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PASSIVE TAGS Passive RFID tags have no internal power supply

The minute electrical current induced in the antennaby the incoming radio frequency signal provides justenough power for the CMOS integrated circuit in thetag to power up and transmit a response

The lack of an on-board power supply means that thedevice can be quite small

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RFID READER

An RFID reader reads data from the tags using adefined radio frequency and protocol to transmit and

receive dataAn RFID reader is basically a radio frequency (RF)

transmitter and receiver, controlled by amicroprocessor or digital signal processor (DSP)

The RFID reader, using an attached antenna, capturesdata from RFID tags, and then passes the data to acomputer for processing

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CLASSIFICATION OF RFID BASED

TECHNOLOGIES

There are three main types of RFID based localization

and tracking in an indoor environment:1. Tag Based Technology

2. Reader Based Technology

3.Transceiver Free Technology

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TAG BASED TECHNOLOGY

LANDMARC was the first RFID tag basedTechnology.

The LANDMARC uses two different types of RFIDtags: reference tags and tracking tags.

The reference tags are used for purpose of

localization, while the tracking tags are attached to thetarget objects.

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READER BASED TECHNOLOGY

In most of the RFID applications the tag is attached to

the mobile tracked object and the readers are at fixedlocations.

The location of the mobile user is determined from the

tag IDs (and possibly the RSS values) detected by theportable reader.

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TRANSCEIVER FREE TECHNOLOGY

In this technology, the target object contains neitherthe tag nor the reader and hence it is called transceiverfree technology.

This method can be used in places where the usage of

tag or reader for tracking is not possible.

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RFID TAG USED FOR LOCALIZATION

AND TRACKING

The RFID tag generallyused for localization and

tracking is NOX-2

The NOX-2 RFID tag has asuper-long read range

The operatingfrequency is 860-960MHz

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PROPOSED TECHNOLOGY FOR

LOCALIZATION AND TRACKING

The proposed model of localization and tracking in ajewellery shop uses two schemes of RFID technology

merged together.

1. TAG BASED scheme during the

day time (9-21 hrs.).

2. TRANSCEIVER FREE scheme during thenight time (21-9hrs)

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TAG BASED SCHEME

Here every single object is attached with a passive tag

which has its own unique identification number

This number is fed to the reader and a database of allthe RFID tags present within the range to be localized

is entered

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TRANSCEIVER FREE SCHEME

Transceiver-free technology used to detect the objects

trajectory pattern without requiring the target to carryany device

Here the RFID reader and RFID tags are connected

through wireless signals

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ADVANTAGES Low cost

Provides real time monitoring and security

Does not require line of sight

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CONCLUSIONThis article presents an overview of our proposed

model which uses dual schemes of RFID forlocalization and tracking. The model uses lowcostapproaches to localize the target object with or without a device attached to the target. Thus themerged RFID technology paves way for numerousadvantages over the existing models and can be touted

to be one of the best of its kind in this field.

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ANY QUERIES..?

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THANK YOU