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International Commerce Centre / KPF
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Hong Kong is often referred to as one of the densest cities in the world, lined with an
impressive array of skyscrapers along its shores. The latest supertall addition by
architects KPF reaches an altitude of 484 meters above the Victoria Harbor in Kowloon.
Located atop the new Kowloon Station, a transportation hub that feeds a network that
ferries over 11 million passenger journeys per day, the International Commerce Centre is
an integral part and centerpiece of the Union Square reclamation project. Internal
programming includes office space, 2 hotels, and an observation deck amongst other
mixed-use functions. More details after the break.
Beginning with KPF’s winning proposal from the invited competition in 2000, the design
would require numerous factors to be addressed in order to efficiently maximize floor
plate area, structural loading, vertical circulation, and fiscal considerations. In order to
harmonize structure and floor plate area, several options were considered including
circular, which was most efficient at minimizing wind loading but was undesirable with
future financial tenants who favored square floors plates. However, wind loading on rigid
square shapes perform quite poorly and would require much more material, resulting in
higher construction costs. Thus, through wind tunnel studies and a slight modification to
the square plan through the introduction of notched or “re-entrant” corners, the structure
was able to perform similar to the original circular plan.
Primary structure is handled via eight concrete mega-columns that splay out 3 degrees
as they touch the ground plane. Vertical circulation is housed within the concrete core,
along with vertical mechanical chases. A shingle style façade articulates the subtle
curvature along the vertical portion of the tower and is amplified at the base creating
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© KPF
© KPF
canopies at the base which protect occupants from wind downdrafts along the hybrid
curtain wall. The north features the most dramatic entry, which has been coined the
“Dragon Tail,” which flows from the vertical plane and stretches along the horizontal plane
culminating in a 12 meters towards the station plaza.
In order to achieve the shingled effect of the curtain wall, KPF collaborated with façade
engineers ALT Cladding Consultants in order to distill the seemingly complex nature of
the proposed curtain wall into a series of repetitive components. Each module is
comprised of a 3 meter wide fixed spandrel that conceals the slab edge and perimeter
beams, a 1.5 meter vision panel that infills between the top and bottom spandrel panels.
Each panel is installed with a five degree take with relation to the vertical plane – which
resulted in three wall types of 5, 6, and 8 degree panels over the length of the façade.
The unitized system successfully reduced the number of unique panels exponentially.
According to Permasteelia, the curtain wall fabricators, 75% of the façade is comprised of
only 134 module types.
Sophisticated environmental control systems are abundant within the ICC. The
shimmering of the glazing is owed to its silver coating which reflects the heat-generating
spectrum of sunlight, whilst simultaneously allowing the transmission of visible light.
Technical specifications from the glazing supplier – Shanghai Yaohua Pilkington – report
an emissivity rating of 0.15, a visible light transmission of 4%, and a shading coefficient of
0.27. The shingled effect of the unitized façade system doubles as self-shading. Another
system employed within the ICC is the “Energy Optimizer” system that KPF developed in
International Commerce Centre / KPF | ArchDaily http://www.archdaily.com/250681/international-commerce-centre-kpf/
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© KPF
© KPF
conjunction with Hong Kong Polytechnic University. Integrated sensors monitor energy
consumption for day/night and seasonal variations which then serve as a reference point
for controlling the buildings HVAC systems in order to reduce energy expenditure. The
ICC is the first building to be outfitted with this new technology which is projected to
reduce overall consumption by 15% compared with typical office typologies.
Standing as the iconic image of the developing Kowloon Station Development and
testament to the intensification and holistic integration of public infrastructure, the ICC’s
vertical city programming serves as positive catalyst for the future of high rise
densification.
International Commerce Centre / KPF | ArchDaily http://www.archdaily.com/250681/international-commerce-centre-kpf/
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© KPF
References: “Case Study: International Commerce Centre” by DavidMarlott (KPF)
International Commerce Centre / KPF | ArchDaily http://www.archdaily.com/250681/international-commerce-centre-kpf/
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Cite:"International Commerce Centre / KPF" 04 Jul 2012. ArchDaily. Accessed 06 Mar 2014.<http://www.archdaily.com/?p=250681>
© KPF © KPF © KPF
© KPF © KPF © KPF
© KPF © KPF © KPF
© KPF © KPF © KPF
© KPF © KPF © KPF
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* Location to be used only as a reference. It could indicate city/country but not exact address.
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International Commerce Centre / KPF | ArchDaily http://www.archdaily.com/250681/international-commerce-centre-kpf/
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