Korean Trdional Dwelling to Modern 03.1f-Fall91Lee-Sml

7/31/2019 Korean Trdional Dwelling to Modern 03.1f-Fall91Lee-Sml

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S R V I I I . 6 - 7 6

CONTINUIY AND CONSISTENCY OF THE TRADITIONAL

COURTYARD HOUSE PLAN IN MODERN I{OREAN DWELLINGS

s A N G H A E L E E

he couryard plan provdes he basis for a radiional house type that is deeply associated

wih he Korean way of ife he rs par of his paper discusses conceps and characteristics

nrinsic o radiional Korean hose plans and inroduces varous exampes of cortyard

hose layots hereafter, it selects several exampes of modern Korean dwelings and

compares them from the point of view of plan and ayou he invesigaion discovers ha

he idea of he coryard is sill relevan o modern Korean dwellings Transformed and/or

reained, the courtyard idea sil provides one of the prototypes of he modern Korean

dwelling. he varous forms it has aken serve to promo e he coninuiy and consisency of

radiional Korean archecure They aso lend credence o argumens ha arch ecural

tradtion nvolves more than syle and technology

SANG HAE LEE is an Associate Prossor ofArchitectue at Sungun Kwan Univesi, Seoul, Koea.

TAITIONA KOREAN HOUSES MOSTLY OF THE COURTYAtype e coutya oue taitionaly poie fo manynee of te Koea peope be tey functional pacticapatial iua cimat ic ocial a/o cultua i mae tecoutya oue a taitiona Koea type

Te aim of ti pape i to ietiate moen Koeawein to anwe a numbe of quet ion. Ae te ole oce

paye by te taitioal coutya ti eeant? Doe tepatte of te coutya till peit epite ocia cane

a new way of ii n f ocia an foma concept be inte coutya oue ae cae wat new fom aconcept ae taken tei pace Finay if tee conceptae not cae wat apect of te taitiona coutya

ou a b ain


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66 T S R 3. 1

FIG I OP Aea vew fua hue wth thathe mmn nthe ena egn fKean pennua unt the I Sue Hwang,Huenman, he Choa, StaRood Koan Cottas eu u HwaDang Pub, II) p208I 2 OV ew fan uppea ua eenm the mauwen FIG 3 LOW keth fa humbe tage fthee kan wth a wenveanah n nt fthe m. Thee he wth the kng tve aehwn t the ght, an the hmne hwn n nt fthe veanh

In atempting to anwe thee qetion, he pape inve-

gate o type of moden Koean dweling eadyil

hoe fo ae y pivae hoe de, apamen in mi

ni ildng oned y develope, deigned" hoe

y ahie fo individal ient, and p hoingi y pli hong ahoiie

TRADITIONA HOUSE TYPES IN KOREA

Hioiay, one o he ending paten in he Koeanhoe wa the otyad plan eled om ene o

tia and expementaion and nomay onied o a o-yad o gop of oyad aond whih oom and ohe

pae wee goped o mae he dweng ompex h ahoe eame deepy aoiated wth the Koean way of ife

h a oyad mode povded vaio option o lateaexpanion FIG. . A impe hoe wa nomay an open-

oyad dweing, wheea a noeman manion often

onied of evea otyad whoe ntion vaied a-oding to thei oation wthin he ompex

Eah ilding aond he oyad adonay onied of

ompatment of oom ha oo hei haae fom one of

two mao oo ype ondo!and mru The ondo! oo wa

nihed wih h yellowih o pape and wa aly fond

in oed oom ed o eeping Ondo! oo wee heaed y

e that an eneah them om a e hoe in he ooing

ove to an exteio himney ven The mru oo, on the

othe hand wa of wood and wa nomaly ed in he manhal. One ide o he mru oom wa aly open o he

ode , wih no wal ewee n oofppo pila FG

The mru oo ao oten exended in on of he ondo!oomo om a veandah FG. 3).

In he adional Koean hoe ompatment of oom

oh ondo! and mru wee meaed ing the adi iona

kn n wa a em ed o on the nme o pae

eween olmn, and o povided he ai fo a ind o moda

yem. he kn wa not a xed ni o lengh, vaed

aodng o he aal dane eween a ildng' olmn

ally eween x and nne fee.Kn

ao efeed o thenme o pae o oom n a ldi ng tha wee enloed n

a eat wo dieion One h qae kn wa ay

eqal o etween 36 and qae ee

Foowing he moda yem, he onton o a hoenomally onied o an ongong poe o adding kn ooom A dng o mple e wa ally only wo

o h kns, whil a ag ildng old e moe han en


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QJ

A SNGE-NE ARRNGEMENT

M E R N K R E A N O W E I N G S 67

7

8 DOUBELINE ARRANGEMENT (C) WOOLD ARRANGEMENT 0) SHAPE ARRANGEMENT

ans in ize . Th a dweling o an ppela amiy that

onited o everal iding od ea argea 99 ans whiethe hmlet dweling wa ally only two or thee ans.

Traditional Koean hoe were haraterized y one o o

plan type, aording to the method o an arangement and

aompanying ttal organiation. The t wa the

ordinay ingleine" aangement o room nder a ingle

ridge eam G Thi type wa aly inhaited y

peaant o evant or wa ed or torage ine it indoor

pae were omewhat limited. The eond type wa the

doleli ne" arangement nde one ridge eam G B) Aomination o ingleline and doleline trtre or a

hoe o ingleline trtre enlarged to the a and ontontitted the third type the twood arrangement G.

. The lat type wa haped " or a variant o an Lhape

and wa more ommon in the entral region o the Koean

peninla G 0) Thee or type o room arrangement

made poile vario patten or the ayot o the entire

dwelling FG 5 A dwelling aly onited o a ild ing,

o ilding with rronding wall that reated one or more

ortyad enlore G. 6).

FIG. + Tpia xamp fu p fm

aangmnt ( kithn main m mainha 4 m 5 tag, ta7 ua).(A) Singin aangmnt (B) uin a-angmnt; (C) Tw aangmnt; hapaangmnt an vaiantG (BO Examp fut fuaan uuning uiing(} t in iniat ua pa

-, '

;


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68 T D S R 3 '

G 6 (E) Gnral viw ofh layou of

building in a rural ara our: Hwang, Hun-

man, Th hoa, StrawRoofd Koran t

as oul: Youl Hwa Dang Pub ) p

G 7. RGHT) n xampl ofa ourard bing

ud r a hrhing groun his mhod ofhar-

v is no praid oy

G BOM RGH) Gnral viw ofour-

yard hou wih ray roofil in an urban bri

CHAACTEISTICS OF TH E TADITIONALCOUTYAD HOUSE PLAN

May chola i Koea have poite ot that the cotyapatte wa geeate a a appopate oltio to fc-toa, pactca, climatic, ocia a cltra ee o theKoea peope 4 For example, the cortya co eve a athrehg gro g havet eao a meetg place orceemoal occaio, a otoor etig place g wamweathe o a paygro for che (G 7). I geeal, thecotya eve a a exteo o the terio welig pace,thee eg o clearct ivio etwee the iterior a

exteo o the hoe. Livg with ch a hoe i ot meaeig oly wthi a hetere ecoe the otoor pacewa alo e a vig pace accorig o a compex patterof eece. mpy pt, the cortyar wa a room withota oof a omai e t a e or the gaif actvty of the eti ehoeho that wa we aapte to compcate evometa, practca a ococtal itatio.

Archtectray, the cotyar fctoe a the mai otefom the plic oma to the ie of the weg Accefom otie the hoe to ay oom wth it wa olypole y eterg the mai gate o the hoe a paigthrogh the cortyar. Bt the cortyar ao coecte aioor a otoor pace wthi the hoe a amot al

oom a pace the hoe oete ther opeig towart. I thi way the cortyar hepe elmate the ee orcorrio o a etrace poch or ha ra itato thecotyar ao erve to heter the hoe from the teet yecg oe a mataig prvacy. A a er etweetreet a hoe it wa a mportat acitator of the evelopmet o a compact ra arc IG . It alo aoe thera welig goo acce to he a vetatio evewthi relatvely arrow te (G 9


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Climatialy, most outyads ated as eiet miomateotoles. e hatae ooms ooked nwad wth a

deesve, intoveted postue, nhatants wee potetedfom oth hot and od weathe Cool eees owng nto

the outyad the summe wee espeialy appeiated Adi a egio was too old duig the wite o i the ange ofdaiy tempeatue hages was too geat the outyad oude totaly suouded y iteio dwelg spae. uh a house

patten was show in FIG. 4D.

But the outyad ated as moe than just a limateoto

devie i t was also a doman o soial teation Conuia-

ism pevaded al aspets of domesti le i Koea iudg

the aagement of dwelig spae. Respoding to Coaethis, the iemost pat of a house was set asde fo wome

whe the oute pat was eseved fo the mae householde.Addtioaly, aodg to sumptuay ustoms the se and

ume of uldigs in a dwelig omplex was detemiedy the soia status ad weath of the householde FG 0

Al aspets ofthe dwellng udngs outyads and walsseved to eifoe the Coua soa ode. Fo example,

wth the ovea ogaiation of famiy apatmets i n a agedwelg outyads oud e loated i thee futionay

sepaate aeas that o wome ad hde n the nnemostpat of the house that fo the male househo de n ot , and

that fo sevants ea the ety gate hus, the patte ofoutyad layout was uia to deteming the idetity of thehouse a sense the disposito o the outyads) aoweda det oespodene etwee the physal aagemet of

the lvg spae ad its soa ad patal uses.

e the outyad was deed y the stutues and spaes

that suouded t it was foed to medate divese sets ofaesthet and spatal elatioshps he expeiene of the house

was ote domated y the spata and aesthet atue of itsoutyads) he wapped spatial iteval expeienedethe y passage om the ma gate to inteio outyads)

o y vews fom an adjaent ndoo o outdoo spae is adsti ntve haatesti o Koean ahtetue. he efetseated oten invoved layeng openoutyads, igngdistant views o natue into the house doma a sense the

outyad was a spatal symol o the ntoveson that omeda pat of a lage taditon of Koean soety

MODERN KOREAN DWELLINGS AND THETRANSFORMATON OF THE COURTYARD PLAN

hus fa geneal featues o the outyad layout o taditona

Koea dwellngs have een dsussed n a oad ontext hepape now tuns to an nvestgaton of seveal types o moden

L E E : M E R N K R E A N W N G S 9

I

IG Examps fa trditina ara furban

bric in Su wit basi us pans ( ntran

gat 2 main rm kitn 4 bdrm 5

main a strag curar tit

(A) Urban bric B Hus pa. Surc:Kaoeong Hanok hoa bogoeo (Reot of

Kaoeong Area ield urvey) Mua + Sminar Stud Rprt I8


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70 O S R

G. 10 (TOP) An xmpl ofn uppl hou nn g

2 min oom, 3 kihn, 4 bdoom, 5 min hll, og, 7 oud

womn 7b oud ml houho oud vn,8. bl udy)

FG MIDDLE A pil xmpl of dybuil hou by piv

bui I nn hl 2 min hll o living oom, 3 kihn, 4 minoom 5 bdoom bhoom)IG 12 BELOW An xmp ofn pmn uni pln by piv dvlop I nn hll min hll o living oom 3 kihn, 4 min oom5 bdoom, 6 bhoom, 7 diing oom,

Koean weing in ligh o he qeion mm aize a he

oe Fo ype o weling ae examine eayihoe y pivae ile apamen hoe y eveope,eigne hoe y achiec o inivia cien an

pic hoe y plic hoing ahoiie

The majoi y o conempoay hoe i n Koea oay ae ily pivae hoe ile ch eayi h oe eec he

vae an ae o oinay peope ao living pace an

hoe om ince ch hoe ae i o a make, hey aeconiione y he eman o ha make ha i, y apec

o oh a moen an lieyle an aiional way o iving

On he ace he main eae an ayo o eayi

hoe eec yi ic inence om he We Thi may

el om a eie y moenay Koean o hoe haymoize a moen yle. In paica, he om an e o

maeia in eayi hoe eemle imia qaiie inmoen Ween hoe even hogh he imiaion i pe

cia an he i e ae no we vee in eig n cono In

em o plan, he eayi hoe how noale ive-gence om he aiiona coya paen Fo example,mo hoe plan ae nealy ecanga in hape an mohoe ae iae o one ie o hei iing lo wih a

gaen, no a coya in on. One can ame he co-

ya ha een eiminae o ha he hoe can moe cloey

imiae moen Ween moe

Depie ch exeio aleaion howeve he aangemen

o inoo pace in eayil hoe i no mch changerom he aiional layo. On he conary i eem ha he

aangemen o inoo pace acay eec he inheie

clal conex aily coely A ypical eayil hoeplan om an an aea o Koea how how al oom i n he

moen hoe ae aange aon a main hal, a kin o

Koean living oom which ac in a emakaly im ila ahion

o he coya o a aiional hoe G ike he

coya he main hall erve a a aniio nal pace hogh

which a ohe pace in he hoe ae eache One migh ayhe coa concep ha een ine naize A ociey hachange he exeo image o he aiional hoe hachange o eec ie in a moen environmen he

inhaian nonehele cling o inheie weling paenon he ini e. Pivae ie eem o have neoo henee o Koean cagh eween wo moe o iving anhey have epone y inenalizing aiional living pa

en wihin a hoe ha oherwie appea eive om amoen Ween moe

ike eayil hoe apamen hoe y evelope how

a anlaion o he aiional coya iea Thee ae


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IG 13 Vw fnw dvlpd aparm uss

numerou ype o pln or prmen o middlel

milie in Koe Among hem he mediumied prmen

hown here i ypil nd populr (FG. 12) ine n p

men houe i no unionlly equiven o group o

dehed inglemily houe prmen lyou ree heinuene omoden ui orm FG. 3) Wihin hi new idiom

deveope lo eem o hve ried o ommode he

populr demnd or rdiionl d eign eue.

A in he edyuil houe eh room o he prmen unihown in FG. i eile only y ping hrough hemin hl or iving oom. he prmen enne hll woudeem o orepond o he enrne ge o he rdiion

M E R N K R E A N W E L L N G S 71

houe, nd he min room o he prmen i oed i n i

innemo one in imilr rrngemen o he women

quer in rdii onl houe Overl, one n y h oh

he pmen you nd he lyou o he diion houe

e hreied y room h e loed o he ouide ndopen ono poeed inner pe

A in he redyuil houe one n y h he ide o he

ouryrd h een inernlied in he pmen lyou. Buhe rnion hee h ke n pe in muh dieen oil

one, nd o he exmple oer urhe evidene o heoninuiy nd onieny o he ouryrd ide in modernKoren dweling.


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2 D R 3. 1

SECON FOOR

5 8

1

RON FOOR

FG 14 An xampl fan arhittdind hu

(I ntran hal 2 main hall r liin rm 3kithn, 4 main rm 5 bdrm bathrm

dinin rm, 8 mi rm, 9 tudy, O ar prt trra 2 urard).

he id ype o house, e ndviduay desgned house sad o educe o a geneal sysem o omal o syisccasscaons. Designs y achecs exii numeous con-

ceps and paens and achecs' audes seem o e domi-

naed y compeing ssues such as adion modeniyexpeime n and calenge. Some acecs ave esed newsyles wihou eeing esiced y any noion o a specc

Koean cuual heage. Ohes have deieaely ied oinoduce moden Wesen syles o Koea. Bu oh hese

goups seem o lac a deep undesandng o e essence oKoean adion, and ey pee o e ineesed in conem

poay achiecua expession

A id goup o aciecs, howeve has ied o ean cha

aceisics o adona Koean ouses using pesona moden

vocaulaes oom ansomed om adion. e pan heeshows a ouse a a s glance woud seem o e a moden

house w a adional couyad layou FG 1), u i oneooks wi ul and pacua aenon, one can see how e

ayou and ine nal oganaon die oa y om adiio napaens. Whle e couyad om emains om he adi-onal house, is pupose is no onge o eguae he dsiu-

on oamy quaes . he couyad hee is e mpoyed soey

o he pupose o povdng an in gung vew no and ou

o e vaous aeas o he house.

In one sense is house does ncopoae adiona noions ooudoo space. he ogina uncon o e couyad has eennegeced, and he couyad has ecome an empy oec a

meey aows cean aesheic eecs o e ceaed whin ehouse. n ohe wods he house has adoped he symoc and

phenomenal aspecs o he couyad ony; he sense u nohe susance o e adonal ouse.

By way o conas he las dwellng ype o e invesigaedpuic houses y pulic housng auhoiies demonsae a

dieen se o design ine nions . n e ealy sages opuc

housing consucon dung he 19605 , e design o pulic

dwellings depended signcany on he auoies saed

nenion o mpove he esyle and lving envionmen

o Koeans. he ele achiec/ueaucas who an he

pulc housng agences placed gea value on house designs

ha emphasized ecency o space and e conomy o consucon. his necessaed e sandadizaion and pogam

aizao n o he dwelng and i oen esuled n he wolesaleadopion o Wesen plans whch wee egaded as mpovemens ove Koean modes.

Foowing one o e pncpal unconal enens o ModenAchecue, o example, seepng, lvng and uly zoneswee oen sepaaed n ulc housng o incease he nde


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pedece o each zoe FG 15) addio mo impoa

room were araged o he oher de o he ildig o

ae mamm advaage o igh a coce whch e-led i he erace hal eig ocaed ehe o he we o

he orh a commo paer radioal Korea domeic ie he eay age o pi c hog program heahoie geeray aadoed he om ad co o hecoyard. The ade hey dpayed led credece o

agme ha pic hog ahorie geeay eglec

ocal radio ad preer he odco o ew" yle.

Noehele om lae 19705 o pc hog ahore

i Korea ega o eaize ha occ pa o heir hoe wereo aied wih he layo o ierio pace ad hey egao chage her deig o reec cocep imia o hoe

evde i he eadyl hoe o pvae ilde FG 6Alhogh he cocep o a Weerye lvg room re-

maied i came o co o oy a a pace o ocalgaherig ao a he mai acce ad rao pace ihe dwelg. The coyad idea ao came o e aaedwhi he coe o plc hog.

INTERPRETATION OF THE COURTYARD IDEA INMODERN KOREAN DWELLINGS

The dicio aove have made appae ha idvd-ally deiged hoe y achiec ad eadyi hoe y

pvae de dverged gcaly i her adapao oradioal coyard paer o moder codi o. Oe ca

ay ha he achiec were mch moe ivoved erpreg he orm o he coryard whie developer ad ye o

eady hoe ad apame alowed he make ocoro he way he dwellg evolved Pvae ilde havegeeraly adaped he dea o he coryad o he ieoayo o her hoe wh e eag eerior eare yle

ce ad e o maera i way pecaly eaedo moder yle Achec o he ohe had have ezedo he prooypcal chaace o he coryad paer aded o rea i geomerica ymoim whle aleg ocial ad paccal co. ewee pic hog

ahorie a ried o aado he co ad orm ohe radioal coyard ad replace wh Weer mode l

he dcoveed rede peeed he paer o ieoogazaio deveoped hrogh privae ma ke.

Fom hi ivegao oe ca ee he mporace o herelaohip ewee om ad layo o he hoe ad aociaed cal ade ad vale. Eve hogh he coryarddea ha come o e reeced i mode Korea hoe a

varey o way hrogh a variey o procee he deremoder maeao ae ied o a colecive radiio.

L E E : M O D E R N K R E A N O W E L L N G 5 73

I

FIG BOVE) xmpl publi hu buil

during h r I96 I nrn h, 2 minh r living rm 3 kihn, 4- min rm

bdrm bhrm. (A) Ppiv viw;() PnFG 6 BEOW) An xmpl ndrd ur-

bn hu did b h Krn Mini

Cnruin during h I9 o nrn hl 2

min hll r living rm 3 kihn, 4 dining

rm min rm bdrm bhrm


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74 T D 5 R 3.

FI 17 Possb raons bwn ourard and

hou o (a) Courard whn (b) ou

whn Courardk spa whn a hou

whn a o

an hereore e arged ha he oryard hose ype s

oers a va lra herage o modern Korea.

These noons an e more easly ndersood y arey

examnng he spaal domans esashed y he radona

oryard paern. As prevosly dsssed he oryard on-

sed he odoor doman o he radonal hose. How-

ever he ondary eween he oryard doman and he res

o he hose was no we dened . ne some o he sppor

plars o he hose, .e ., hose o one sde o he maru woodenoor, sood ndependeny wh no wals explly dvdng

ndoor rom odoor spae here ame o e no lear meween ndoor and odoor lvng n a he nons ondoor and odoor spaes were somemes neronneedand nerhangeae aordng o rmsane lmae andhe desred degree o nerpersonal ormaly. Ths s one

reason why he oryard od e e her nernaed or exer-

naed n reognon o s non and applaon.

The oryard hose dea has dsed remarkaly wel no

modern Korean dwengs a a nmer oleves . Ths may eease emodes he very dea o rad on n he dwel lng.

n parar he onrass n ranslaon and nerpreaon

o he oryard no modern hosng onexs an e sm

mared as olows. Prvae ders and developers onep-aed and nernaed he nona aspes o he radona

orm and desgn. Meanwhe arhes neresed n heradon o Korean domes spae perepaed and exer-naled he radona orm. Pl ahores arrved a aposon somewhere neween.

The spaal organaon o he radona Korean hose an

e ompared o he organaon o he modern hose w hn

he ramework o he radonal oryard dea as olows.

Tradona Hose Enrane Gae Coryard Rooms(Desnaon). Modern Hose: Enrane Hal vng Room

Rooms Desnaon).

Whn hs overal ramework, however, one may noe ds-n derenes eween he ways prvae ders and

prang arhes have hosen o reogne he dea. Arh-

es have employed radon as an hsoral reerene whh

an e nerpree d y means o sensvy o srae qaes

ha arose ra memory. Blders have sogh o respond

o marke demand or neror spaes ha provd onexaonny eween radonal soal srres and onem-

porary ways o lvng Addonally, one an noe ha arhes perepons o he radona hose are ased prn

pally on he radonal hoses o rh and dsngshed

House inRuralArea

House inMounainou

rea

oue inUrban

Faric

oue forper

Class

Id.

Buiding

ourtyar

Gae

Buling (Roo)

u + ouryard iI Id. Gate d .

Buing

i ouryard -d . d

J ae Buiding

Buingi

Budingouryard

(woman) "ourtyard

(an

Buidingiourtyarservan)

Buing

Gate

FIG S Conpua Dagram o/radona

Courard ouss


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ales whch no longer srvive n conras, he concepono he corard idea creaed ilders has een nspired

an he selfproecive nare o he radona hosesof coon people

In he odern proope, he radiona corard" haseen reocaed wihn a dwelng wihn a hose o FG. 7.I can e ainaned ha hs s he resl o an neracon

eween dwelng for and he nhaans' needs, vales,

and ases n oher words, as wih oher aspecs of cre ,

dwellng or can e ndersooda eing realzed, or , ino awhoe (ha s, he presen reconciliaon of radion andcrren need) FGS. 8.

CONCLUSION: CONTINUITY AND CONSISTENCYOF THE COURTYARD IDEA

In s, he radon o he corard dea consies , eiherconscosl or nconscios a consan n he desgn o

Korean dwelings and serves o prooe he conin and

conssenc nheren in radona Korean archiecre. Oherconexa eleens o radon, i.e. he se o aeral,

decoraion, deail and so on, are eploed as secondarvaraes. The l paern o he corard has no ecoean ossied renan of he pas, has een resaed new

designs and eans. I can e ainaned ha, as arfacs ,

coneporar Korean dwelings resonae wih spaal fearesha ln odern le eher pracical or socall oradonal aspecs o Korean soce and cre hrogh he

ineredar o he corard idea. The corard paern asa clra herage has proven srongl ressan o change. I

persss enacos, eher concepall or phscall, a all

leves o dweling or.

Even hogh he sle and srcre o odern Korean dwell-

ngs are radcall deren ro radiional Korean hoses andn an was have coe o resee odern Wesern hose s,her spaal organzaion has reaned radional eiherpercepal or concepal exernal or nernal. This

wod see o sppor he heor ha archecra radionnvolves ore han js he noon o sle and echnoog.

The wa n whch he corard dea has een reaned ordiscarded has een shown here o depend on he ades o

ders, archecs, hosng ahores and ownersoe.B he corard dea orginaed as a preconcepon of hehose as a specc paern o space se ha cold e expressed

in a spaa organizaon ha cold e passed o onegeneraon o he nex hs phenoenon deonsraes hahe dwellng llls ore han spl he need or sheler.Modern Korean dwelngs, eher designed archecs,

E E M D E N K E A N D W E L N G

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76 T D R 3

executed y houing authoite o ut y uder , tranlate

and tanorm th need into moden phyica orm ycreating new patia pattern that have remained tradtonal

eithe conceptualy or peceptualy

REFERENCE NOTES tm "opcout i u toiict couta pac it tuctu o

it o to o t i c ut

fom t t xto of t fom of t

uii I ti it i oppo to

"ita couta ic i ocat

compt i t o

. Mot tito Ko o fo t

pp c of oo potm

cotuctio it a ti oo Lo c

ou u ui mick a tat

uppot ttc oo

3 o mo ta icui o o t

vouo of t ou p of taito ou

i Ko Cu Nmc'u Hn'ukhutk Konh uk h Kon Rsdnthttu) (o: ji 1985)4 o mo ai ico of t vaioufuctio pupo of t couta i

Koa aitoa acttu i

Yuoo Hn'uk u Smj hdton Hous n Ko) (ou:Yuaa 1986)

5 Fo mo tai icuio of t

compict viomt pctc a ocio

ctua iuatio t to t u of t

coua a t atio to ci tctua pac

oitio Kim Kao Hnk uhugo nsokj dton Hous Ss nKo) ou: Mium 1988)6 o icu io o t i pc

mt it t to Couci tc

a a L "ti a Ga Oazatio

of aioa Koa ttmt

Dwngs, Stmnts, nd Tdton:ossutu Psts J.P Boui a NAaa . (Laam: Uivit P of

Amica 989) 29-316

Korean Trdional Dwelling to Modern 03.1f-Fall91Lee-Sml

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