Korean Spent Fuel Management: Dilemma and Options · A Safety Assessment for the WolsongLILW...

INMM SF Seminar 2013

Korean Spent Fuel Management: Dilemma and Options

IL SOON HWANGProfessor and Director

Nuclear Transmutation Energy Research Center of KoreaSeoul National University, Seoul, Korea

INMM Spent Fuel Management Seminar XXVIIIArlington, VA, U.S.A.January 14-16, 2013


Korean Nuclear Energy Program: Bright Side


Korean Nuclear Energy Program : Bright Side

Most Korean PresidentsStronglySupportedNuclearEnergyProgramDuring Past 60 Years.

President-elect,Park Geun Hye

3


CO2 ton


4

010203040506070

USAROK

1990 2000 2010 2020 2030 2040 2050

COEcent/kWh

World Nuclear NewsNucleonics Week



5

서울

Gori

Ulchin

WolsungYoungGwang

Operation(23)

APR1400

Plan(2)

OPR1000

Construction(5)

By 2030, Korean Nuclear Fleet will supply 27.8% of Primary Energyand 59% of Electricity (National Basic Energy Plan 2008)

Coal

LNG

Oil

RenewableNuclear

Million TOE

DSM


Korean Nuclear Energy Program : Dark Side

Failures in 1986~2004: Decide-Announce-Defend-Abandon

�

� BUAN

1986~1989Ulchin, Youngdeok

1991~1993Ulchin, Yangyang

1993~1994Yangsan, Ulchin

Anmyun-90

Gulup-94

Buahn-03


Consent-based Process to the First Success

LLW only Huge Compensation

Spent Nuclear Fuel Management Option is mandated to take similar Consent-based Process

7Car Parade led by City Mayor


Consent-based Process to SNF Management Expansion of storage capacity (since 1990)

• Replace the low-capacity racks by the high-capacity racks • Move SNF in the AR pool of the older unit to that of the

younger unit within the same site.• Build dry storage & MACSTOR/KN-400 for CANDU SNF.


Consent-based Process to SNF Management

9

NPP sites(no. units)

Sat.Year

Re-rackingPool-sharing

Gori (4)Shin-

Gori(4)

2016 Y(1990+)In Progress

Yonggwang(6)

2024 In progress

Ulchin (6)Shin-

Ulchin(2)

2018 In ProgressPlanned

Wolsong (4)Shin-

Wolsung(2)

2017 Expansion +MACSTOR

Total 28 Units

2016 2024 0

10000

20000

30000

40000

50000

60000

70000

80000

90000

100000

CANDU

1980 1990 2000 2010 2020 2030 2040 2050 2060 2070 2080 2090 2100

MT HM

Total

PWR

Near-term Challenge


National SNF Management Policy & Laws

SNF Consensus Process Committee

Interim Storage: I. Site(s) Selection & Construction

II. Transportation & Operation

Pyroprocess Overseas Recycling

Geologic Repository

Consent-based Process to SNF Management

10

Direct Disposal

2013~2014

2015~2016

2017~20242025~

Long-termPlan to be Decided by Consent-based Process


Interim Storage Site Selection & Construction

11

Ulchin

WolsungGori

Younggwang

ARvs. AFR

InterimStorage


Direct Disposal Option (PWR & CANDU SNF)2016 2075

2020 2050 2060 2080 2200 2220

On-site Storage

Direct Disposal

· Site Selection

· CANDU SF

· PWR SF

· Closure

Interim Storage

· CANDU SF

· PWR SF

12


Direct Disposal Option (PWR & CANDU SNF)25persons /km2 503persons /km2

13

INMM SF Seminar 2013 14

Recycling Option for HLW Volume Reduction

Spent Nuclear Fuel

Reduced HLWSmaller Repository

Sodium Fast Reactor

PWRAdvanced Safety Security & Safeguards

Interim Storage

Advanced Pyroprocessing

Dirty Fuel

CANDU Units will be completely phased out by around 2050.PWR Fleet will be Continued and Expanded.


Recycling Option for HLW Volume ReductionPWR + Fast Reactor Scenario for up to Year 2100

15

NuclearGenerationCapacity(GWe)

Cum.

HLW

(m3)

Total

Burner Rx.

Break-even Rx.

Recycling Option

Direct Disposal Option

PWR


ILW Option utilizing WIPP Experience

US GTCC-Like (TRU) Low Level Waste-Ambient temperature-very low TRU concentration-public acceptance

16



(3.60.E+09, 3.73)

(1.63E+06, 0.30)0.0

0.5

1.0

1.5

2.0

2.5

3.0

3.5

4.0

1.E+02 1.E+04 1.E+06 1.E+08 1.E+10 1.E+12 1.E+14

Hea

t Den

sity

(kW

/m3 )

Alpha Emitter Activity Concentration (Bq/g)

4,000 Bq/g

2 kW/m3

SNF

WIPP Site

High Level Waste

Intermediate Level Waste

17

Two-Step Recycling to Achieve 20 Times Higher Decontamination Factor (20,000),

Already Demonstrated on Lab-scale*.

* HS Jung, SY Choi, IS Hwang, MJ Song, Prog. In Nucl. Energy 58(2012)27-38z


*Reference: (1) Joo Wan Park et al., A Safety Assessment for the Wolsong LILW Disposal Center: As a part of safety case for the first stage disposal, Journal of the Korean Radioactive Waste Society, Vol. 6(4), P. 329-346, 2008. (2) Il Soon Hwang, Waste Management 2011, Phoenix, AZ, 2011, Panel #89. Other panelist: D. Warin (France), H.A. Abderrahim (Belgium), P. Brady (U.S.A.), M.J. Song (ROK)

ILW: WIPP Standard

Ann

ual D

ose

Rat

e (m

Sv/y

r)

Dose Limit

Ann

ual D

ose

Rat

e (m

Sv/y

r)

LLW: Gyongju Repository



LL

H LW Vol.Reduction

4,000 Bq/g

2kW/m3

HeatDensity

Long-living Alpha Emitter Concentration

(t1/2 > 20yrs)

I LW withWIPP

Standard

LLW for Near Surface Disposal

SNF

Direct Disposal Option – Most Economical for Now.

HLW Volume Reduction Option.

ILW Option using WIPP Experience and Laboratory Demonstrated Two-stepRecyclingTechnology.

LLW Option by FutureGame-changing Innovation.

Summary : Korean SNF Management Options


Proliferation

Accident

EnvironmentEconomy

Climate Change

20

Proliferation-resistance

Environment-friendliness

Accident-tolerance

Climate-protection

Economy

“PEACE”

Summary : Options for Future Generations

Korean Spent Fuel Management: Dilemma and Options · A Safety Assessment for the WolsongLILW...

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