Korea’s NDC Implementation - UN ESCAP · 4 2013 18.2 2010 12 ... Renew and submission of NDC...
Transcript of Korea’s NDC Implementation - UN ESCAP · 4 2013 18.2 2010 12 ... Renew and submission of NDC...
Korea’s NDC Implementation
2 Sep 2019
Ministry of Environment
No. of heat wave days: 31.4
No. of tropical nights: 17.7
“Abnormal climate in 2018”
Ranking No. of heat wave days No. of tropical nights
1 2018 31.4 2018 17.7
2 1994 29.7 1994 17.4
3 2016 22.4 2013 15.8
4 2013 18.2 2010 12
5 1990 17 2016 10.8
▶ Top five heat wave days and tropical nights since 1973
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Energy Industrial Processes Agriculture LULUCF Waste
696.7690.9692.9694.1
91.9%
3.7%2.1%
1.1%0.2%
1.0%
CO2 CH4 N2O HFCs PFCs SF6
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7.4%3.1%
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Low Carbon, Green Growth
National Development Vision
(2008)
“Paris Agreement”Holding the increase in the global temperature well
below 2°C above pre- industrial levelsPursuing efforts to limit the increase to 1.5°C
above pre-industrial levels(As of 2018, 196 parties participating)
To support the Paris Agreement,
Korea announced its national reduction target (June, 2015)
which is to reduce 37% from BAU* level, followed by emission reduction roadmap.
* BAU : projected emission under current policy scenarios
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2030 BAU 2030 Target
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37%
reduction
below BAU
- setting low-carbon path for companies’ long-term investment pla
- maintaining coherence among newly introduced energy transition plans (e.g.RE 3020) and air quality policies (e.g. fine dust management plan)
- listening to criticism from international community and civil society in Korea- enhancing national reduction policy
(Sectoral reduction)Enhance demand management, integrate technological advances by upgrading in air-conditioning/insulation, e-appliances efficiency and retrofit old facilities
Incorporate comprehensive plan for f ine dust management (Sep.‘17.9) and 8 th basic plan for power demand & supply (Dec. ‘17) into major pol icies
Consider improved energy eff iciency by industry sector and overal l industrial process, and replacement of fuels and materials
Tighten permit standards for new bui ldings , faci l i tate green remodel ing, expand renewable energy
Provide more eco-friendly vehicles (EVs 1 mn →3 mn units), t ighten standards for vehicle fuel eff iciency, improve ship/airplane fuel eff iciency
Joint area
Energy
Industry
Building
Transportation
Reduce waste volume at source and promote recycling across municipal, business,construction and al l other sectorsMinimize landfi l l ing and capture & use methane gases from landfi l ls
Waste
1. Energy
Improve power generation infrastructure- shut down 10 old coal plants by ’22 & replace 6 coal plants with LNG plants- stop constructing new coal plants and nuclear power plants
(LNG and hydraulic power to be used for new power sources)- retrofit old coal plants in greater numbers
Enhance low-carbon energy mix- promote renewable energy (up to 20% by 2030) * previously 11% - shut down coal plants from March to June (fine dust season)- introduce Environmental Dispatch: include environmental & social costs in dispatch process * previously, fuel expenses and operating expenses were considered mainly
2. Industry
Improve energy efficiency of industrial equipment: introduce the certification system for highly energy efficient equipment
Introduce Factory Energy Management System (FEMS) : to be introduced to large-scale factories with policy incentives
Streamline factory facilities to improve energy efficiency
Develop new & innovative technologies to create added values
Develop eco-friendly gas for processes that will replace refrigerant: expand best practice technologies to entire industry by 2030
Replace conventional power sources with low-carbon fuels (LNG, biomass, etc.)
Use waste heat and wastes: introduce more facilities using waste heat to produce steam
3. Buildings & Homes
Enhance energy efficiency standard- tighten building energy standards on insulation- amend relevant laws for certifying zero-energy buildings
Upgrade existing buildings and homes’ energy efficiency - require energy-intensive public buildings to change into green buildings- establish mid-to long-term plan for green remodeling- support planning and financing for retrofitting old buildings in private sector
Introduce energy information system and change consumption pattern- develop customized energy saving service- develop and monitor Building Energy Management System (BEMS)
4. Transportation
Promote low-carbon vehicles (incl. public transportation e.g electric bus, fuel-cell bus)* up to 3 million EVs by 2030, tighten greenhouse gas emission standards
Upgrade energy efficiency in marine transportation
Improve public transportation service+ expand inner and inter-city railways, BRT and improve transit system
Promote eco-drivingExpand low-carbon logistics+ e.g. modal shift from road to railway
5. Waste
waste reduction and recycling, minimize landfill, methan capture and use
6. Public sector
enhance energy saving target, replace with LED lighting, promote renewable energy
7. Agriculture
encourage low-carbon irrigation, low-methane feed
8. CCUS
early commercialization by promoting R&D and public-private pilot projects
Emission Trading Scheme
The Government set an emission cap for large GHG emitters (major companies) and
have them trade the surplus or deficit of emissions allowances in the market.
If marginal cost for the reduction is higher than the price of the allowance, a country
chooses purchasing of allowance over reduction efforts. This reduce the total
reduction cost for the society as a whole.
* 44∼68% less reduction costs in comparison with direct regulation (SERI, KEI, KEEI)
Subjects
Companies that have emitted 125,000 tons of GHGs or more at annual
average for the latest three years.
* GHGs to count : ① CO2 ② CH4 ③ N2O ④ HFCs ⑤ PFCs ⑥ SF6
Phases and duration
Operate with three-year phases for the initial implementation stage (up to 2nd
Phase) and introduce five-year phases thereafter (from 3rd Phase).
* 1st (2015~2017), 2nd (2018~2020), 3rd (2021~2025), 4th (2026~2030)
Program Content
GHG/EnergyTarget Management
Enterprises not eligible for the ETS but emitting 50,000 tons of GHGs or more and business sites with 15,000 tons or above are subject to the Target Management. The government set the GHG/energy reduction target for the individual companies and monitor the achievement.
Public SectorTarget Management
The central and local governments, public institutions and others in public sector are required to set an annual GHG reduction goal by 2020 and manage the implementation.
Carbon Point Households and commercial facilities are given cash value “ carbon points” for
reducing the consumption of energy, water, and city gas.
Green Credit Card Holders of Green Credit Card receives economic incentives (incl. cash points) for their green
consumer behaviors such as purchasing green products, using public transportation, and saving energy.
Necessity
▪ Even if we significantly reduce GHG emissions from now, the GHGs that has been emitted in the past will stay in the atmosphere for at least several decades and continue to warm the planet.
⇒ Beside the efforts to reduce GHGs, we need to adapt to the changed climate conditions.
Urgency
▪ Abnormal weather conditions become normal.(e.g. Heat waves occur all around the world in 2019)
▪ It would take time to evaluate the climate change impacts and vulnerability, develop appropriate measures based on the evaluation, and implement the measures to adapt to the change.
⇒ Adaptation is not a choice but a must!!
Cool Roof
Cooling Fog
Green Curtain
Support for vulnerable group
Establishment of the 2nd National Plan for Climate Change Response (∼2019.9)
Strategies Tasks
Transition to a
low-carbon
society
ㅇ Implement measures in eight areas to meet the national GHG reduction goal.
ㅇ Strengthen the role and responsibility of business sector including through emission allowance allocation
aligned to the national reduction goal.
ㅇ Build a transparent reduction monitoring/evaluation system.
Establishment of
national
adaptation
structure
ㅇ Enhance adaptation capacity in five key areas (land, water, ecosystem, agriculture/fishery, and health)
ㅇ Advance climate surveillance and forecasting and improve adaptation assessment.
ㅇ Mainstream adaptation in all areas and for all actors.
Reinforcement
of Response
Base
ㅇ Promote new technology and market of climate change response.
ㅇ Take a leading role in international efforts of climate change response.
ㅇ Raise public awareness of climate change and encourage low-carbon life style.
ㅇ Set institutions including organizations and governance.
Establishment of the 2nd National Plan for Climate Change Response (∼2019.9)
ㅇ Multi-ministerial implementation monitoring system on GHG reduction
- Allocate mitigation responsibilities among ministries and introduce an objective evaluation system for the
implementation.
- Each ministry is to set goals in their responsible part and manage the implementation.
ㅇ Review and Improvement of implementation
- An independent committee is to review the implementation indicators, monitor the performances, and
provide recommendation for improvement.
ㅇ Transparency, Timeliness, accountability, feedback and Improvement
- Analyze the consistency and correlation between performance and index and constantly adjust
implementation targets and develop policy tools.
Renew and submission of NDC (2020)
ㅇ Sufficient stakeholder discussions will be made for substantial changes while pursuing progress in the renewal.
2050 LEDS, Long-term low greenhouse gas emission development strategies (2020)
ㅇ In accordance with the Paris Agreement,
- (Article 4. 19) All Parties should strive to formulate and communicate long-term low greenhouse gas emission development strategies, ….
- (Decision 1. 36) Invites Parties to communicate, by 2020, to the secretariat mid-century, long-term low greenhouse gas emission development strategies in accordance with Article 4, paragraph 19, of the Agreement, ….
Low carbon economy and society Responsibility as a member of
the international community
Long-term vision of policies concerning energy and climate
Broader stakeholder engagement
Sustainable development for future generation
Towards a low-carbon future
ㅇ (Forum) Multi-stakeholders incl. experts, civil society and industry participate in
the forum to produce a shared 2050 GHGs reduction target and vision
Vision forum for transition to low-
carbon society
Public agenda for social consensus
Technical working group for 2050
LEDS
(Role) Produce 2050 national GHGs reduction target, vision and key tools
(Structure) Various stakeholders incl. experts, civil society, industry, etc.
(Period) Mar.~Dec. `19
(Activities) Hold occasional meetings for the entire forum and sub-group meetings
○ (Public Agenda) The draft 2050 LEDS is proposed as a public agenda, which is to
be explored and discussed by the general public for over 6 months through multiple
channels to reach a social consensus.
ㅇ (Technical Working Group) State-funded research institutes participate in the
group. They conduct technical analyses to propose specific scenarios to reduce
emissions in order to achieve the target suggested by the forum.
(Role) Develop scenarios for emission reduction and estimate potential reduction by 2050
based on the target set by the forum
(Structure) GIR and state-funded research institutes
(Period) Mar. ~Dec. `19
★ 2050 LEDS is to set a general direction which our society should head in. The target-setting process, therefore, should be inclusive and participatory that engages various stakeholders.
Ministry of Environment