Korea bicycle safety1
Transcript of Korea bicycle safety1
Korea Bicycle Transportation:Trends and SafetyTrends and Safety
April 7 , 2011
Hee Cheol Shin Ph DHee Cheol Shin, Ph.D.
ContentsContents
Bicycle Transportation Situation1
Korea Cycling Promotion Policies2
Trends of Cycling Safety in Korea3
Bicycle Infrastructure of KoreaBicycle Transportation Situation
Bicycle Infrastructure of KoreaBicycle paths : 1,427km
Separate from Vehicles and Pedestrians
Bicycle lanes : 189km
A l t th i ht id f th dA lane at the right side of the road
Bicycle –pedestrian mixed ways: 9,770km
Separate from vehicles but mix with pedestriansp p
85.8%
12.5% 1.7%
Bicycle ways Bicycle lanes Bicycle-Pedestrian ways
Source: data obtained from Korea Ministry of Public Administration and Security, 20093
Comparison of Bicycle Mode Share Bicycle Transportation Situation
by Countries 27%
18%
27%
5%6%
8%10% 10%
11%KOREA 1.2%
1% 1% 1% 1%2% 2%
3% 3%4%
5%
Bi l h f t i (%)
Source: data quoted from Pucher and Buehler (2008)
Bicycle share of trips (%)
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The 1st National PlanKorea Cycling Policies
Policy History
Formulated the campaign plan for cycle use (April 1993)
The 1 National Plan
Ministry responsible: Ministry of Home AffairesOrigin of Ministerial Directives for development of cycle infrastructures
Promulgated the Law for Cycle Use Activating (Jan. 1995)
Ministry responsible: Ministry of Home AffairesO i i f i l ti di d f t l ti
Announced national cycling use activating plan
Origin of implementing ordinance and enforcement regulation
Ministry responsible: Ministry of Home Affairs5 years plan focused on infrastructures
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The 2nd National PlanKorea Cycling Policies
Policy History
Announced the Second national plan for cycling use activating
The 2 National Plan
Ministry responsible: M. of Government Administration and Home AffairsBased on the assessment of 1st national plan
Some briefs of the Assessment of 1st national plan
Modal share increased: 1.85%for 1995, 2.4% for 2002Total budgets used: 478 billion won (National 30%, Local 70%) g ( %, %)Infrastructures: Bikeway 4,419km / Cycle parking for 190,000 cycles
Objectives of 2nd national planj p
Budgets: 500 billion won (National 40%, Local 40%, Other 20%)Infrastructures: Bikeway 4,000km, cycle parking for 80,000 cyclesNew: National campaign, education for safetyNew: National campaign, education for safety
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New National Initiative PlanKorea Cycling Policies
Policy History
Lee Myung-bak administration announced new era
New National Initiative Plan
Announced green growth strategy (Aug. 2008)National Initiative plan was released (Jan. 2009)
New national initiative plan
Modal share target: 5% for 2012Total budgets: 1.2 trillion won (national only, local independently)Total budgets: 1.2 trillion won (national only, local independently) Infrastructures target: Bikeway17,000km for 2019
Bicycle master plancyc e aste p a
Comprehensive master plan was finalized last yearCentral government focuses on bike for urban transportation useIncludes not only infrastructure but also campaign, education etc.Includes not only infrastructure but also campaign, education etc.
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Who is in charge of bicycle matters?Korea Cycling Policies
Institution
• Ministry of Public Administration and Security: General bicycle
• Ministry of Culture, Sports and Tourism: Promotion of bicycleand Security: General bicycle
matters
• Ministry of Land Transport and
Tourism: Promotion of bicycle atheletics
• Ministry of Knowledge Economy:• Ministry of Land, Transport and Maritime Affairs: Infrastructure
• Ministry of Knowledge Economy: Bicycle industry
•National Police Agency: Bicycle• Ministry of Environment: Environment matters of bicycle(air pollution)
•National Police Agency: Bicycle safety
No integrated policy
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Policy DirectionKorea Cycling Policies
Masterplan
Objectives
Policy Direction
Modal shareModal share InfrastructureInfrastructure OwnershipOwnershippp
Strategies
Legal / Institutional Infrastructure Public awareness
Mandate facilitiesSafety and regulationsBi l i
Bike facilitiesUtility bikewaysN ti l bik t k
CampaignsEducation & promotion
s
Bicycle insurance National bike network
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Bicycle Master PlanKorea Cycling Policies
Masterplan
Vision 1. Easy & safety Vision 4. Environment
Visions and Objectives (target year of 2019)
VISION
Build safe bikeways
• decrease 30% of bike accidents
• build 30,000km of bikeways
Improve bike environments
• decrease 30% of air pollution
VISION 2019
6EVision 2. Efficiency Vision 5. EconomyIncrease bike mode share Stimulate regional economy
related with tourism6EVision 3. Exchange Vision 6 Experience
• achieve 10% of bike mode share
• achieve 30% of commuting ratio
related with tourism
• achieve 20% of bike tourism among total
g Vision 6. ExperienceIntegrate with other transit modes
• secure central government subsidies of 50%
i 100% t f i ti
10 pilot cities chosen, and expands the experiences to other cities
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• increase 100% transferring ratio • achieve 15% of bike mode share for pilot cities (2012)
Contents and Objectives of the Master PlanKorea Cycling Policies
Masterplan
Obj ti 03 i t t ith t it
Objective 01 _ connected with urban development
Objective 02 _ promote pilot citiesUrban Urban
developmentdevelopment
InfrastructureInfrastructureObjective 03 _ integrate with transit
Objective 04 _ supply safe bike stations
Objective 05 _ supply Public Bike System
Objective 06 _ manage high quality bikeways
FacilitiesFacilities
ManagementManagement
Safety and StimulationSafety and Stimulation
Objective 07 _ provide education standard
Objective 08 _ develop education programEducationEducation
Objective 09 marketingObjective 09 _ marketing
Objective 10 _ planning related with tourismStimulationStimulation
Objective 11 _ revise acts related with bicyclesLegislationLegislation
Legislation and PolicyLegislation and Policy
Objective 12 _ refine roles of ministries
Objective 13 _ consultative group for implementation
Objective 14 _ expert group for guidelinesCoordinative Coordinative
committeecommittee
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Objective 15 _ evaluate and monitor bike policiesEvaluation Evaluation & monitoring& monitoring
National Bicycle Policy Framework Korea Cycling Policies
Masterplan
National land use planCentral
governmentBicycle master plan
Metropolitan transportation plan
Master plan
City plan
Transportation planEnvironmental assessment
Landscape Master plan
Comprehensive Bicycle planCity plan
Local
government
Green space master planComprehensive Bicycle plan
Local area development plan Bicycle Master plan
City management plan
government
Bicycle Infrastructure
Urban development Projects
City plan Transport plan
Urban development Bicycle model city
Incentives
BTL, BTO
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Public Transport and BicycleKorea Cycling Policies
Masterplan
Integrate with transit Safe bike station PBS
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Deployment of PBS in KoreaKorea Cycling Policies
U-Bike
Deployment of PBS in Korea
N bij t t d i O t 2008 ith 20 t ti d
Changwon Goyang• Nubija started in Oct. 2008 with 20 stations and
430 bikes• Now 119 stations and 2,030 bikes• Used by 43,000 members 4 times a day
• ‘FIFTEEN’ opened in March 2010• Now 125 stations and 3,000 bikes• Used by members 2 times a day
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Korea Cycling Policies
U-Bike
U-Bike System
• Public Bike System (PBS)- PBS has been validated worldwide, so is popular in Korea- Every Korean city is trying to introduce Velib-style smart PBS- Central government is building standards to make adjacent PBS compatible
• AND what else?- Because of short distance characteristics, we are focusing on transfer
system to transit- How to increase? PBS and U-Bike System
• U-Bike SystemK h ll i d t f t b t t it- Korea has a well-equipped transfer system between transit
- T-money system is a transfer system without extra charge using RFID tech- We want to apply T-money system to bicycle; transfer without extra charge- And green mileage or eco-mileage will be appliedAnd, green mileage or eco mileage will be applied
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U-Bike City for BTOD/BODKorea Cycling Policies
U-Bike
U Bike City for BTOD/BODU-Bike City
• Apply ubiquitous technology to link bicycle and transit system
• Select 10 cities for pilot program and focus national efforts
Work
Personal Bike
Subway Public Bike
Transfer
Bus WalkingPublic Bike
Transfer Transfer School
Bus Bus Stop
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Bicycle Oriented Transportation SystemKorea Cycling Policies
BOD
Build effective urban transportation system by inducing bicycle travelBuild effective urban transportation system by inducing bicycle travel whenever it is possible or preferable
17Source : German National Cycling Plan 2002-2012, 2002.
BTOD& BODKorea Cycling Policies
BOD
BTOD& BODCategory TOD BTOD BOD
Transit Oriented Bicycle and Transit Bicycle OrientedConcept Transit Oriented Development
Bicycle and Transit Oriented Development
Bicycle Oriented Development
Focus Transit Bicycle and Transit Bicycle
Center Transit Transfer Center B-T Transfer Center Bicycle Node
Urban C t l B i A C t l B i A M lti C itStructure Central Business Area Central Business Area Multi-Community
Landscape
Size Big and/or medium Big and/or medium Small and/or medium
Model
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Model
Relation among TOD, BTOD and BODKorea Cycling Policies
BOD
Change from TOD to BTOD byBi l d T it
Use ofTransit Change from TOD to BTOD by
strengthening bicycle
Change from BOD in small town
Bicycle and Transit Oriented
Development(BTOD)
Transit Oriented Development
(TOD)
Transit
to BTOD for medium sized citywhen we focus more on transit
Bicycle OrientedDevelopment
(BOD)
Car OrientedDevelopment
(BOD)
Use of Bicycle
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Use of Bicycle
Bicycle Portal InformationKorea Cycling Policies
Information
(Web + App )
Non-location based information
Location based informationinformation information
• General information of bicycle use •Access and update bicycle
infrastructure informationSmart-phone
•Bicycle policies•Online community•Bicycle news and issues
infrastructure information•Real time weather condition•Guide public bike system Station
•Route information•Bikeway maps •Route information•Navigation•Guide travelers
20Webpage
Smart Phone Based Service
Korea Cycling Policies
Information
Smart Phone Based ServiceBicycle route navigation
•Bicycle routes guidance with GIS map•Mobile Augmented Reality Techniques
PBS information Application
•Guide PBS Station(distance direction capacity
Now Biking (I-phone app)
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(distance, direction, capacity and inventories)
•Guide public transportation stations
Types of ImplementationKorea Cycling Policies
Infrastructure
Types of ImplementationType Context Responsibility Purpose
N DMZ d Mi i f F ti dNational Near DMZ and along coastal lines
Ministry of Public Admin
For connection and utility/leisure
4 Rivers Route Along the 4 rivers Ministry of Land For connection and leisure
Ministry ofRegional Route Community border Ministry of Public Admin For connection and leisure
Municipal Route Urban andmetropolitan areas Municipality Utility/leisure
National Circular Route 4 Rivers Route Municipal Route Regional Route
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Examples of Cycle-friendly PlanninKorea Cycling Policies
Infrastructure
g
Road-diet (City of Incheon) Compact and NMT-friendly development (Cheonggye Stream)
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Traffic calming (Insadong Street) Bicycle-friendly city (City of Changwon)
Traffic AccidentsTrends of Cycling Safety in KoreaBicycle Safety Stats
T ffi id t f K h k t d i i 2000
Traffic Accidents
Traffic accidents of Korea have kept decreasing since 2000Deaths from traffic accidents: 10,236 (2000) ⇒ 5,870 (2008)
Bicycle AccidentsTrends of Cycling Safety in KoreaBicycle Safety Stats
Bicycle Accidents
9 000
Number of bicycle accidents (2001 ~ 2007)
7,976
8,790
7 500
8,000
8,500
9,000
6,235 6 024
6,753
6 000
6,500
7,000
7,500
5,560 6,024
5,000
5,500
6,000
2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 20072001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2007
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Features of Bicycle AccidentsTrends of Cycling Safety in KoreaBicycle Safety Stats
Fatality trend
• 29 Higher fatality than other accidents
Features of Bicycle Accidents
• 29 Higher fatality than other accidents
• deaths per 1000 accidents (2008)
Deaths/injured ratio• Much higher than other accidents – high fatality• 34 deaths per 1000 injured (2008)• Compared with 17 deaths per 1000 injured for total traffic
0.0370.034
0.030
0.040
Deaths/Injured ratio of Total accident and Bicycle accident
0.037 0.035
0.0290.03
0.0350.04
Fatality comparison between Total accident and Bicycle accident
0.018 0.017
0.010
0.020
Total Accident
Bicycle Accident
0.029 0.027
0.0050.01
0.0150.02
0.025
Total Accident
Bicycle Accident0.000
2007 20080
2006 2007 2008
Comparison of Bicycle Traffic F li i b C i
Trends of Cycling Safety in KoreaBicycle Safety Stats
Fatalities by Countries Fatalities/1,000,000 bicycle trip
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Who is in charge of bicycle safety?Trends of Cycling Safety in KoreaInstitution
• National Police Agencyis responsible for every traffic safetyis responsible for every traffic safety.
• Ministry of Land, Transport and Maritime Affairsis responsible for safety facilities.
• Ministry of Public Administration and Securityis responsible for safety promotion.
Need coordinating instituteNeed coordinating institute
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Bicycle Accident Data FlowTrends of Cycling Safety in KoreaInstitution
Raw data Accident database Fatality database
E h li
TAMS TAASPolice Station
• Each police station
• Registered
• National PoliceAgency • Road Traffic
Authority• Registered traffic
accidents
• Every registered traffic accidentdata
• Fatality trafficaccident data
• Very details(paper sheets) • 65 items • 35 items
O t bli
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ConfidentialOpen to publictaas.koroad.or.krNot open to public
180 o less deaths pe ea
Trends of Cycling Safety in KoreaGoal and Strategy
180 or less deaths per year
Integrated land use with transportation
Integrated bicycle policy in transportation
Land Use
Integrated bicycle policy in transportationTransport
Infrastructure Institution Education /Marketing
Bicycle
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Trends of Cycling Safety in KoreaGoal and Strategy
Strategy
S f t f d i f t t l i d tSafety-focused infrastructure planning and management- Monitoring system and feedback procedure- Upgrade infrastructure standardspg- Build more infrastructure
Integrate transportation and land use- Reduce speed limit- Traffic calmingg
Promote bicycle culture for safety by legal, institutional and marketing