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“ĻдпÐ θḟ Ťħέ ɱθҐпǃпģ СдĻɱ”

“ĻдпÐ θḟ Ťħέ βҐθкέп СдĻɱ”

KoreaIs a 600-mile

peninsula jutting down from China into the sea of Japan off eastern Asia.

The country is almost completely covered by north-south mountain ranges separated by narrow valleys.

To the northwest, the Amnok River (Yalu River) separates Korea from China

To the northeast, the Duman River (Tumen River) separates Korea from China and Russia.

The Yellow Sea is to the west,

The East China Sea and Korean Strait is to the south;

The Sea of Japan (East Sea) is to the east.

KOREA NORTH SOUTH

CAPITAL PYONGYANG SEOUL

LAND AREA 221,000 sq. km.

120,538 sq. km. 98,484 sq. km.

POPULATION 24, 589,122 48,860, 500

RELIGIONBUDDHIST

(37%)CHRISTIAN

(32%)

VS.

Three Notable Islands

 Jeju Island (Jejudo)

Ulleung Island (Ulleungdo)

 Liancourt Rocks (Dokdo)

 Mount Paektu (Paektusan)

The highest mountain in Korea

On the border of North Korea and China

2,744 m (9,003 ft)

Paektu, Baekdu,or Changbai Mountain 

 Changbai and Baekdudaegan Range (“No Head”) Mountain

Gaema Heights (Kaema Plateau)

•  It is largest tableland in Korea

• "The roof of Korea".•  It varies between 700 and 2,000 meters of altitude and at 40,000 square kilometers, sloping downward towards the northern border with People’s Republic of China.

The Nakdong River (Rakdong in North Korea) is the longest river in South Korea, and passes through major cities such as Daegu and Busan.

Climate 

One of the outcomes of the peninsula's mid-latitude location is its seasonal climate. There are very distinct temperature and moisture patterns for each season.

Spring is short and characterized by the sudden onset of warmth, melting the snow of the long, cold Korean winter, particularly in the north. As the snow melts and harsh March winds subside, the brown hills and plains suddenly turn green. The rainy season begins in late June or early July. Summer is very hot and wet, particularly in the southern half of the peninsula. These conditions are typical of a summer monsoonal East Asian climate.

THE FLAGS OF KOREA

NORTH KOREA  

The North Korea flag was officially adopted on September 9, 1948. 

Three horizontal bands of blue (top), red (triple width), and blue; the red band is edged in white; on the hoist side of the red band is a white disk with a red five-pointed star; the broad red band

symbolizes revolutionary traditions; the narrow white bands stands for purity, strength, and dignity; the blue bands signify sovereignty, peace, and friendship; the red star represents socialism

SOUTH KOREAThe South Korea flag was officially adopted on October 15, 1949. 

White with a red (top) and blue yin-yang symbol in the center; there is a different black trigram from the ancient I Ching (Book of Changes) in each corner of the white field; the South Korean

national flag is called Taegukki; white is a traditional Korean color and represents peace and purity; the blue section represents the negative cosmic forces of the yin, while the red symbolizes the

opposite positive forces of the yang; each trigram (kwae) denotes one of the four universal elements, which together express the principle of movement and harmony.

KOREANS

The Koreans Yellow race Korean language Literature Customs and Traditions Irish of the Orient

The Koreans

The north Koreans are taller, huskier and lighter-complexioned due to their Mongol blood.

Language and Alphabet

Hangul, ( Korean: “Great Script”) also spelled Hangeul or Han’gŭl,  alphabetic system used for writing the korean language. The system, known as Chosŏn muntcha in North Korea, consists of 24 letters (originally 28), including 14 consonants and 10 vowels. The consonant characters are formed with curved or angled lines. The vowels are composed of vertical or horizontal straight lines together with short lines on either side of the main line.

All Koreans speak and write the same language, which has been a decisive factor in forging their strong national identity. The words and accent spoken by the people of the Seoul area are regarded as standard. Among regional dialects, that of the people of Jejudo Island off the South Coast is most distinct.

Early Histor

y

Tang’un (Tangun) founded the Korea Chosun (Land of the Morning Calm)

The China’s Han dynasty attacked Korea and overthrew the last Tangun Chosun in 108 BC. The northwest Korea was still occupied by China until 313 AD but three independent Korean kingdoms ruled the other territory of Korea.

Three Independent Korean KingdomsThe Shilla

Kingdom unified the Korean peninsula and reigned from 668 to 935 AD arts and sciences are flourished

Three Independent Korean KingdomsThe Koryo

Kingdom ruled by Wang Kon (Wang Kien) led the revolution and destroyed Shilla rule gave the country’s modern name Koryo(Korea)

Three Independent Korean KingdomsThe Yi Dynasty

Korea’s Golden Age invented printing, phonetic alphabet, fostered literature and scholarship and education for the masses. Emperor Yi Sejong “the Great” kept the record of rainfall “world’s oldest rainfall record”

The Hermit Kingdom.Barely had Korea recovered from the Japanese

invasion when another threat closed in. In 1636 the Manchus crossed the Amnok (Yalu) River and conquered both Korea and China. Korea closed its borders for around 232 years (1644-1876).

At great risk, Christian missionaries spread the Gospel in Korea. The first missionary to arrive in 1791 was a Portuguese priest from Macao, Fr. Jean Dos Remedios. He died of disease in1801, and was canonized as the 1st Catholic Martyr of Korea.

The Hermit Kingdom.

In 1876 Japan managed to force the opening of Korea to world trade after the military expedition visited the King. The United States, Britain and Germany also benefited from the opening of Korea.

JAPANESE RULE

Japan gained control of Korea gradually as a result of its war with China and with Russia. In 1910 Japan annexed Korea to the Japanese Empire. Korea was used as a military base for Japanese aggression in other parts of Asia.

Many times the Koreans plotted to overthrow Japanese rule. On April 17, 1991, they set up a provisional government in Shanghai with Dr. Syngman Rhee, a young Christian Korean patriot as president.

When the Second World War ended in 1945, Japan was divested of all her colonies, including Korea. But instead of a unified nation, there arose two independent Koreas- North and South Korea- divided along the 38th parallel.

The Division of Korea

After the Japanese surrender in 1945, the country was divided into to occupation zones- Soviet Union occupied the North of, and the United States the South of the 38th parallel.

When the Cold War developed between the two superpowers, relations between the two were cut off.

On May 10, 1948 elections were held in the U.S.- controlled the South Korea. A national assembly was elected. It adopted a constitution and established the Republic of Korea with Dr. Syngman Rhee as its first President and Seoul as its capital

The Russians set up a communist government, too, in North Korea. The Democratic People’s Republic of Korea was proclaimed in Pyongyang, with the Russian trained communist leader Kim Il Sung as primier.

Both United States and Soviet Union withdrew their respective forces from Korea.

However, the Russians left behind a powerful and well-equipped North Korean army.

Korean War(1950-53)

June 25, 1950- the Korean War begins

July 1950- UN Forces are formed.

September 1950- UN Troops make an amphibious

landing at Incheon.

November 1950- Chinese Forces enter the war

and the UN Forces are pushed back to the 38th

Parallel.

July 27, 1953- The Korean Armistice Agreement is

signed by UN Forces, North Korea and China.

The DMZ is a temporary political boundary formed by the Korean Armistice of 1953, which ended the hostilities of the Korean Conflict (1950–53).

The Demilitarized Zone

The DMZ divides the peninsula by separating North Korea (Democratic People’s Republic of Korea) from South Korea (Republic of Korea). The DMZ is 2.4 miles wide and centers on a demarcation line that extends for 151 miles between the Yellow Sea and the East Sea (or Sea of Japan).

The DMZ represents a strange combination of peace within tension. There is peace within the zone because it is “demilitarized” and “off limits” to soldiers and civilians: that means plants and animals inhabiting the zone are protected from humans. Yet, there is an uneasy tension between the opposing combat-ready forces of North and South who still face and intimidate each other across the zone.

North Korea under the Kims

Since 1948, North

Korea only had the

communist dynasty of the

father and son Kim Il Sung

and Kim Jong Il. The elder

Kims iron rule 40 years

ended in July 1994. His son

and heir Kim Jong Il,

succeeded him.

Kim Il Sung

Kim Jong Il

South Korea under Rhee

Dr. Syngman Rhee, the

“Father of Korean Independence”

and President of South Korea since

1948 was force to resign in 1960

due to rising disorders over his

authoritarian rule and corrupt

lesser officials. With his Austrian

wife, he quietly left the country and

live in exile in Konolulu, where he

died in 1965 at age 90.

Dr. Syngman Rhee

South Korea under the Military Dictatorship

From 1961 to 1993, South Korea was ruled by military dictators, namely:

Gen. Park Chung Hee (1961-79)

Gen. Chun Doo Hwan (1980-87)

Gen. Roh Tae Woo (1987-93)

Achievements of the Military rule in South Korea:

1. South Korea’s military force was strengthened

2. South Korea’s military became mostly Christians

3. After the Christian revival, an economic miracle happened

4. The spiritual and economic miracle caused a cultural revival

5. Peace talks with China and North Korea began 1991

6. Peaceful turnover of power to the first civilian president since 1961- Kim Young Sam

Korea Today.Today, the

divided nation has made a giant step towards reunification.

Due to the Asian economic collapse in late 1997, the economic sufferings of the people changed the hearts of their leaders.

 Hwacheon Sancheono Ice Festival in Gangwon

Ulsan Rock in Sorak Mountains, Korea

Korea Today.

President Kim Dae Jung

President Kim Dae Jung. A new civilian leader steered South Korea through an era of political and economic crisis. He won the 2000 Novel Prize for Peace in his “Sunshine Policy”.

Political System in KoreaNorth Korea South Korea

Country Name :Conventional long form Democratic People’s

Republic of KoreaRepublic of Korea

Local long form Choson-minjujuui-inmin-konghwaguk

Taehan-min'guk

Local short form Choson Han'guk

Government Communist state one-man dictatorship

republic

Executive Branch

President (Chief of State) Kim Jong Un Park Geun Hye

Prime Minister (Head of the Government)

Pak Pong Ju Jung Hong Won

Cabinet Naegak (cabinet) members State Council

North Korea South Korea

Legislative Branch unicameral Supreme People's Assembly or Ch'oego Inmin Hoeui (687 seats; members elected by popular vote to servefive-year terms)

unicameral National Assembly or Gukhoe (300 seats; 246 members elected in single-seat constituencies, 54elected by proportional representation; members serve four-year terms)

Judicial Branch

Highest court(s): Supreme Court or Central Court (consists of the chief justice and two "People's Assessors" and forsome cases, 3 judges)

Supreme Court of South Korea (consists of a chief justice and 13 justices); ConstitutionalCourt (consists of a court head and 8 justices)

Judge selection and term of office:

judges elected by the Supreme People's Assembly for 5-year terms

Supreme Court chief justice appointed by the president with theconsent of the National Assembly

Economic System in Korea (North)

North Korea, one of the world's most centrally directed and least open economies, faces chronic economic problems. Industrial capital stock is nearly beyond repair as a result of years of underinvestment, shortages of spare parts, and poor maintenance. Large-scale military spending draws off resources needed for investment and civilian consumption. Industrial and power output have stagnated for years at a fraction of pre-1990 levels.

Frequent weather-related crop failures aggravated chronic food shortages caused by on-going systemic problems, including a lack of arable land, collective farming practices, poor soil quality, insufficient fertilization, and persistent shortages of tractors and fuel. Large-scale international food aid deliveries have allowed the people of North Korea to escape widespread starvation since famine threatened in 1995, but the population continues to suffer from prolonged malnutrition and poor livingconditions.

Economic System in Korea (South)

South Korea over the past four decades has demonstrated incredible growth and global integration to become a high-tech industrialized economy. In the 1960s, GDP per capita was comparable with levels in the poorer countries of Africa and Asia. In 2004, South Korea joined the trillion-dollar club of world economies, and is currently the world's 12th largest economy. Initially, a system of close government and business ties, including directed credit and import restrictions, made this success possible. The government promoted the import of raw materials and technology at the expense of consumer goods, and encouraged savings and investment over consumption.

Economic System in KoreaEconomy North Korea South Korea

Agriculture - productsrice, corn, potatoes,

soybeans, pulses; cattle, pigs, pork, eggs

rice, root crops, barley, vegetables, fruit; cattle, pigs,

chickens, milk, eggs; fish

Industries

military products; machine building, electric power,

chemicals; mining (coal, iron ore, limestone, magnesite,

graphite,copper, zinc, lead, and

precious metals), metallurgy; textiles, food

processing; tourism

electronics, telecommunications,

automobile production, chemicals, shipbuilding,

steel

Industrial production growth rate

0.5% 2.5% (2013 est.)

Exports $3.954 billion (2012 est.) $557.3 billion (2013 est.)

Economy North Korea South Korea

Exports - commodities minerals, metallurgical products, manufactures (including armaments), textiles, agricultural and

fishery products

semiconductors, wireless telecommunications

equipment, motor vehicles, auto parts, computers,

display,home appliances, wire

telecommunication equipment, steel, ships,

petrochemicals

Exports – partners China 63%, South Korea 27% (2012 est.)

China 24.5%, US 10.7%, Japan 7.1%, Hong Kong

6%, Singapore 4.2% (2012 est.)

Imports $4.828 billion (2012 est.) $516.6 billion (2013 est.)

Imports – commodities petroleum, coking coal, machinery and equipment,

textiles, grain

machinery, electronics and electronic equipment, oil, steel, optical instruments, transport equipment,organic chemicals, plastics

Economy North Korea South Korea

Imports - partnersChina 73%, South Korea

19% (2012 est.)

China 15.6%, Japan 12.4%, US 8.3%, Saudi Arabia

7.6%, Australia 5%, Australia 4.4% (2012 est.)

Reference:Koreainformationtour.com

Wikipedia.orgFactmonster.com

History of Asian Nation(Sixth Edition)

By: Gregorio F. Zaide and Sonia M. Zaide

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