Kola deep well

Homogeneous vs. Heterogeneous Earth

Structure of the Earth

Refracted straw in water

P-S wave simple

conversion

Wave conversion in Earth

Velocity variation in

Earth

P-S conversion with core (shadows)

GSN stations

Travel-time curves (color) for

many Eqs

Angular distance V. time (BW)

Tomography ray paths

Japanese slab tomographic image

Tomo-imaged

slab

Oceanic low velocity zones

Sin 1= sin 2 2

1

V

V

Sin 1= 2

1

V

V