the Culture linK | a CyCle path ConneCting new Cultural historiCal obJeCts

Introduction

The main goal of this competition is to connect the last missing link of the recreational route that forms a loupe around the historical city of Bruges. Within the project area an existing bicycle path is known by its traffic dangers. We want to solve this problem by reconsidering the path.

Nowadays Bruges historical city walls have the function of a green recreational zone where tourists and residents walk, cycle and relax. These walls date from the thirteenth century and have been transformed into a park within the last tree centuries. A part in the North West has been demolished and turned into a motorway. A tree lane refers to its history. In the most northern part of the formal city walls, there is a gap. This last missing link is the foundation of our project. It is a small industrial area that was build approximately a hundred years. Currently the area is used by the Genencor company.

In this conceptual design we made a new recreational route by creating a bicycle and pedestrian bridge that fills the missing link between Bruges city walls. By using existing cultural historical elements the area is turned into a new and attractive culture spot.

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Knut Johannes | #1 | arnhem | February 2011 4

This image shows an overview of the project area. In front the cyclists cross the road on two points but in one direction. In the existing situation the cyclists would cross on one point for both directions. The main problem lays in the cycling path on the right side of the industry area. Where cyclists are now forced to use the path within this green structure and have to cross the road on a dangerous spot, not shown in this image. On the left side of the image you can see the new bridge, the Genencor area and the Handelsdok.

the Culture linK | a CyCle path ConneCting new Cultural historiCal obJeCts5

The renewed Handelsdok gives room for cultural and commercial activities. Restaurants, bars, shops and galleries can settle in the historical buildings. The quay is paved with concrete to accentuate the industrial setting. Strokes with grasses and a few trees give shadow and friendliness. The recreational path moves over the quay and under the buildings up to the Sasplein.

Knut Johannes | #1 | arnhem | February 2011 6

City wall and its green structure

Connecting the North West with the city wall In the concept design the loupe is extended

The missing link


Principles and concept

In the beginning we investigated the significance of the recreational route. A closed loupe around Bruges creates the possibility to make a Tour the Bruges and gives residents the opportunity to join this loupe at every point. There is no beginning or end. When the city wall lost its defence function the city extended in North West direction. On this side the city wall was demolished and the canal around the old centre has been diverted. The old city wall and canal are recently made visible by a verge with trees. A good and clear connection with the old and newer centre parts is not there yet. By creating a second green zone around the newer part of the centre, this connection is made. In our design the bridge is used as the first connecting element. A second on the South side is not part of this design.

After discussions with the municipality it became clear that the existing cycle path on the South side of the Genencor area causes dangerous traffic situations. Cyclists can cross the road where car drivers don’t expect them. Some cyclists avoid this situation by creating their own path on the road what makes the situation even more difficult to survey.The problem is that another option is not likely to be found. Because it is the most logic route for cyclists to follow, when they want to move from the Komvest to the Sasplein, the cyclists therefore create the main problem. Our suggestion is to move the bicycle path and place it on both sides of the road. It gives both cyclists and car drivers a clear view of who should drive where. The existing bicycle path can function as a pedestrian path and the continuation of the green zone (around the historical centre) can stay as it is.

The Handelsdok is the area where the historical city wall made place for a quay and later a yeast factory was build. Part of the contest was to invest how this location could be part of the recreational route. The location consists out of the quay of Genencor and a quay under the municipality’s supervision. On this last terrain the old brick buildings commemorate us of the harbour activities in the past. One building on the end is called the Spanish building and dates from seventeenth century. The Genencor area has all different kinds of old factory buildings

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that date from the past century. From a big corrugated building to older brick factories. The real eye catching are the pipes and tanks that form the industrial characteristics of the Genencor terrain. To make the total area part of the old city wall the Genencor company and the fire department next to it should move. The Genencor company has its foundation at this location and no further plans to move elsewhere. Because of safety measures unauthorised visitors are not welcome on their terrain. Therefore a recreational route through this area is not desirable.

From a cultural historical point of view the area can also be seen as a different part of the city wall. There is even a chance to show the transformations that took place in the history of Bruges. We see the historical buildings and the Genencor area as possibilities to show these developments and turn them into interesting cultural historical objects. In our concept design we strengthened this cultural historical objects to give the recreational route and the area a new impulse. The Genencor terrain will be seen as an industrial location and the pipes and tanks can be used as characteristic elements. Restoring and painting these in one colour will unify them. The big corrugated building on the Handelsdok will be printed with the text GROEN (green) in large blue letters. It refers to the Stroop effect of the psychologist John Ridley Stroop. It rises up questions such as which colour the blue letters should be and what the word green actually means. Between the buildings of Genencor there is a small grass field with a few trees, which accentuate the grey colour of the steel and the concrete. This area can be seen from the recreational path and the motorway on the other side of the canal. In the night lights create a special effect.The historical buildings are restored and turned into shops, restaurants, galleries etc. The quay can be used as a terrace or exhibition place. By giving the buildings a new function the area will be used, restored, maintained and therefore sustainable. This activity gives the location a positive impulse. It makes the area more attractive for visitors and small companies; and adds an extra attraction to the recreational route around the city Bruges.

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GREEN P A R K NATURE CUL-T U R E C I T Y W A L LCULTURERAL

I N D U S T R Y

GREEN P A R K NATURE CUL-T U R E C I T Y W A L L

CULTURERALH I S T O R YHANDELSDOKRESTAURANTS H O P P I N G

By using existing elements a new level is created that fills the missing link of the recreational route. The image shows how the recreational route connects the city walls, with the industry and cultural his-tory in between.


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The existing cycle paths have two problematic crossing points. The second from the left is the point where cyclists cross the road unexpected and cause a dangerous situation. The cross most left shows the point where a two way bike crossing makes the cyclists choose the more logic route on the road.

1 The park has the same quality as the green structure of the city walls.4 The industrial area has qualities for the recreational route. 6 The historical buildings can be changed into an attractive location. 7 The existing city wall and its green structure.2 The loupe around Bruges ends on this spot.3 The fire departments crossing and parking spaces.5 A problematic road crossing.

By changing the routing the qualities of the area are used and add an interesting level to the recreational route. By avoiding the crossing and by using the same road, a safer situation is created for drivers and cyclists.


CULTURE - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - LINK

Analyses and Vision

way from the current path around Bruges. The loop must be a part of the excisting route around Bruges, this contributes also the amount of users. A method to optimize the amount of users is to make the loop and missing link unique in the excisting structure. People can be attentioned with special elements or design.

Handelsdok has a totally different look from the area around it. The in-dustrial area is characterized by a lot of steel tubes for cooling water. Cul-tural historical qualities are also in-cluded at the project area. Our tasks to use the industrial and historical facts in a new link. A Culture Link.One of the solutions is already crea-ted at the southside of the industrial

GROEN ON THE MASSIVE BUILDINGStarting from the bridge that leads you over the Komvest we pass the fire department and its parking spa-ces. The first building we see of the Genecor area has a text on its wall. In big blue letters the word GROEN (green) appears and is inspired by the Stroop effect developed by the Ameri-can psychologist John Ridley Stroop. It raises questions such as, what co-lor it should be or what a green buil

From the bicycle we’re going to do a trip across the skyline of the Han-delsdok of Bruges. With the indus-trial shaped recreational bridge it is easy to explore all the qualities of this historical part of the city wall. The bridge makes the recre-ational network closed and gives the recreational network new ex-periences.

A REFLECTING INDUSTRIAL ZONEThe striking pipe system of Genencor is an inspiring industrial element. The color used is that of stainless steel ore aluminum and corresponds with the material of the bridge. The origi-nal use of concrete in the industrial area will be integrated in other parts of the plan. By using similar materials the project area will show as a unity.Inside the industrial area the existing garden will be transformed into a new

THE NEW HANDELSDOK OF BRUGESThe old buildings and the Spanish house will get an optimal attention by its visitors. The old buildings will be shown in a high contrast with the open space. Functions such as res-taurants, shops and small cultural activities will give the Handelsdok a new recreational value. The white building next to the parking will be the eye catcher and marks the entrance of the area.

HANDELSDOK AS A GREEN PARCAfter passing the bike tunnel through the historical buildings you arrive in the park zone. Grass and high trees form the setting for another relaxing environment. It is the entrance to the area of historical buildings and on the other side the more industrial setting. Within this space it is possible to create terraces next to the water. In the shade of the trees visitors can enjoy the coolness within the city.

GENENCOR IS THE ENTRANCEThe parking has two functions. It is the parking for Genecor and for the visitors of the Handelsdok. It forms the entrance to the public area. The parking consists out of concrete lines (about 30 cm high) filled with soil. Here grasses and trees can grow easily. It has a modern layout with lines that continue in the park zone outside the Handelsdok, as shown in

ding actually is. It shows our approach to this area as a different part of the city wall. In-dustry and cultural history are the characteristics we try to accentuate by bringing them in the front line and showing their qualities. A new organic designed bridge fills the missing link and leads you through this appealing landscape.

simplified garden with a grass field and tree trees. The natural green of the garden will strengthened the con-trast with the industrial elements around it and therefore make them more obvious to see.

Around the historical complex the ground will be materialized with con-crete. This refers to its industrial surroundings. Between the concrete tiles a pattern with grass strokes soften the gray surface and gives it its friendly look. Sheltered from the wind and next to the water this location is a perfect relaxing spot.

The bike route continuous over the water and forward to the Sasplein and the city wall. In the materialization concrete is used again next to the water. On the site of the buildings old bricks accen-tuate the history.

the master plan. But here the situati-on is turned around. The grass grows on the lower inner parts and the lines are filled with concrete. People can sit on these concrete elements.

Industrial buildings/Restaurant

Entrance terrain with sitting elements (+0,5m) of grass

Trees, Excisting greenstructure of (new) trees

Parking places, 4m length and 2,5m weight

Grass/ public green Walking path of old brick,color red nuanced

Industrial cooling towers Cycle path of asphalt-concrete

Pavement in front of theHandelsdok (concrete tile)

Bridge for walking andcycling activities Scale of Masterplan 1: 1000

This culture link must be an op-timized connection between all the features of the area. The image above shows the used reinforced qualities and as-pects. The industry of Genencor is also part of the new quali-ties. It makes the area unique from the other parts of the city wall.Alle the different areas are been visualized in the image abo-ve the skyline of Bruges.

Bruges has its ‘ Bruges tour’, but it is not an optimally connected recreatio-nal excursion. There is the industrial area of Genencor. The productionme-thods and the associated risks re-quire a certain amount of safety mea-sures, therefore unauthorized people are not allowed to enter the Genen-cor area without safety equipment. Knowing this makes an alternative route along / over the city wall neces-sary.

After a visit to the area and a expla-nation of their wishes and demands, we started the analysis. This is done on a national, regional and local sca-le. This shows that the actual tour of Bruges was based on the histori-cal city wall, and will also be impor-

area. A cycling path near the Genen-cor area, although with a few inter-sections at the Komvest road. At the excisting situation its not good to put al the investments in the southside connection without risks. Focus on a new link at the northside of Genencor makes a unique and better design. This new investment is showt at drawing 4. It shows all the focuspoints and qua-lities. Number1 shows the green con-nection between Kolenkaai and City Wall, number 2 the location of the re-moved city wall. Number 3 gives us the remarks and comments from the fire department, a solution for another traffic conflict is necessary.

The industrial properties are visible at image 4, to transform this area in

tant in the near future. The City Wall is filled with valuable recreational green structure, visible from the way around Bruges. The Handelsdok on the old city wall has an complete dif-ferent character. Intensive industry and surface water concludes a lot of differences against the green city Wall. In the current situation is the Handelsdok only used by the factory Genencor. By creating the last link to the recreational network we’re put in some new functions to the handels-dok.

The city wall is designed with a high value green structure. This green net-work is signed at Conceptdrawing 1. In the current path is added a loop the last years. This loop is a dependent

The industrial-related bike/pedestrian bridge will everyone experience the features of the Handels-dok Bruges. The bridge has a cycle lane (3m) of asphalt. The walking lane (1,5m) is separated from the bicycle part of the bridge through a stainless steel strip. The walking area consist of light gray asphalt. Each side of the bridge has a safety rai-ling of stainless steel with a black strip on top to emphasize the course. The safety of the peo-ple on the bridge is guaranteed by the degree of weight (4,5m), so stopping people is not a risk for other users.This design of bridge is chosen by his modern ma-terials and elegant course along the Skyline.

Design

1 2 3 5 64

Erwin Batterink en Knut Wentink Hogeschool Van Hall Larenstein, Arnhem 14 jan 2011

optimal use are we adding some green elements. Another traffic conflict is visible at number 5. The Handelsdok (nr 6) has a lot potencies to create new functions. Number 7 is the ex-cisting green structure at the City wall.

5) This map is an example of the solu-tions to remove the traffic problems. With the new bridge at the northside of the area and the alternative cy-cle path along the road are all con-flicts removed. Give these two solu-tions a good design is the next step.

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Industrial buildings/ historical buildings

Trees, existing green structure and new trees

Grass and public green

Industrial cooling towers

Pavement in front of the Handlsdok(Concrete tiles)

Entrance terrain with sitting elements(+0,5m) of grass

Parking spaces, 4m length and 2,5m weight

Walking path of old bricks

Cycle and pedestrian path, asphalt

Bridge for walking and cycling activities

Komvest

Komvest

Genencor


CULTURE - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - LINK

Analyses and Vision

way from the current path around Bruges. The loop must be a part of the excisting route around Bruges, this contributes also the amount of users. A method to optimize the amount of users is to make the loop and missing link unique in the excisting structure. People can be attentioned with special elements or design.

Handelsdok has a totally different look from the area around it. The in-dustrial area is characterized by a lot of steel tubes for cooling water. Cul-tural historical qualities are also in-cluded at the project area. Our tasks to use the industrial and historical facts in a new link. A Culture Link.One of the solutions is already crea-ted at the southside of the industrial

GROEN ON THE MASSIVE BUILDINGStarting from the bridge that leads you over the Komvest we pass the fire department and its parking spa-ces. The first building we see of the Genecor area has a text on its wall. In big blue letters the word GROEN (green) appears and is inspired by the Stroop effect developed by the Ameri-can psychologist John Ridley Stroop. It raises questions such as, what co-lor it should be or what a green buil

From the bicycle we’re going to do a trip across the skyline of the Han-delsdok of Bruges. With the indus-trial shaped recreational bridge it is easy to explore all the qualities of this historical part of the city wall. The bridge makes the recre-ational network closed and gives the recreational network new ex-periences.

A REFLECTING INDUSTRIAL ZONEThe striking pipe system of Genencor is an inspiring industrial element. The color used is that of stainless steel ore aluminum and corresponds with the material of the bridge. The origi-nal use of concrete in the industrial area will be integrated in other parts of the plan. By using similar materials the project area will show as a unity.Inside the industrial area the existing garden will be transformed into a new

THE NEW HANDELSDOK OF BRUGESThe old buildings and the Spanish house will get an optimal attention by its visitors. The old buildings will be shown in a high contrast with the open space. Functions such as res-taurants, shops and small cultural activities will give the Handelsdok a new recreational value. The white building next to the parking will be the eye catcher and marks the entrance of the area.

HANDELSDOK AS A GREEN PARCAfter passing the bike tunnel through the historical buildings you arrive in the park zone. Grass and high trees form the setting for another relaxing environment. It is the entrance to the area of historical buildings and on the other side the more industrial setting. Within this space it is possible to create terraces next to the water. In the shade of the trees visitors can enjoy the coolness within the city.

GENENCOR IS THE ENTRANCEThe parking has two functions. It is the parking for Genecor and for the visitors of the Handelsdok. It forms the entrance to the public area. The parking consists out of concrete lines (about 30 cm high) filled with soil. Here grasses and trees can grow easily. It has a modern layout with lines that continue in the park zone outside the Handelsdok, as shown in

ding actually is. It shows our approach to this area as a different part of the city wall. In-dustry and cultural history are the characteristics we try to accentuate by bringing them in the front line and showing their qualities. A new organic designed bridge fills the missing link and leads you through this appealing landscape.

simplified garden with a grass field and tree trees. The natural green of the garden will strengthened the con-trast with the industrial elements around it and therefore make them more obvious to see.

Around the historical complex the ground will be materialized with con-crete. This refers to its industrial surroundings. Between the concrete tiles a pattern with grass strokes soften the gray surface and gives it its friendly look. Sheltered from the wind and next to the water this location is a perfect relaxing spot.

The bike route continuous over the water and forward to the Sasplein and the city wall. In the materialization concrete is used again next to the water. On the site of the buildings old bricks accen-tuate the history.

the master plan. But here the situati-on is turned around. The grass grows on the lower inner parts and the lines are filled with concrete. People can sit on these concrete elements.

Industrial buildings/Restaurant

Entrance terrain with sitting elements (+0,5m) of grass

Trees, Excisting greenstructure of (new) trees

Parking places, 4m length and 2,5m weight

Grass/ public green Walking path of old brick,color red nuanced

Industrial cooling towers Cycle path of asphalt-concrete

Pavement in front of theHandelsdok (concrete tile)

Bridge for walking andcycling activities Scale of Masterplan 1: 1000

This culture link must be an op-timized connection between all the features of the area. The image above shows the used reinforced qualities and as-pects. The industry of Genencor is also part of the new quali-ties. It makes the area unique from the other parts of the city wall.Alle the different areas are been visualized in the image abo-ve the skyline of Bruges.

Bruges has its ‘ Bruges tour’, but it is not an optimally connected recreatio-nal excursion. There is the industrial area of Genencor. The productionme-thods and the associated risks re-quire a certain amount of safety mea-sures, therefore unauthorized people are not allowed to enter the Genen-cor area without safety equipment. Knowing this makes an alternative route along / over the city wall neces-sary.

After a visit to the area and a expla-nation of their wishes and demands, we started the analysis. This is done on a national, regional and local sca-le. This shows that the actual tour of Bruges was based on the histori-cal city wall, and will also be impor-

area. A cycling path near the Genen-cor area, although with a few inter-sections at the Komvest road. At the excisting situation its not good to put al the investments in the southside connection without risks. Focus on a new link at the northside of Genencor makes a unique and better design. This new investment is showt at drawing 4. It shows all the focuspoints and qua-lities. Number1 shows the green con-nection between Kolenkaai and City Wall, number 2 the location of the re-moved city wall. Number 3 gives us the remarks and comments from the fire department, a solution for another traffic conflict is necessary.

The industrial properties are visible at image 4, to transform this area in

tant in the near future. The City Wall is filled with valuable recreational green structure, visible from the way around Bruges. The Handelsdok on the old city wall has an complete dif-ferent character. Intensive industry and surface water concludes a lot of differences against the green city Wall. In the current situation is the Handelsdok only used by the factory Genencor. By creating the last link to the recreational network we’re put in some new functions to the handels-dok.

The city wall is designed with a high value green structure. This green net-work is signed at Conceptdrawing 1. In the current path is added a loop the last years. This loop is a dependent

The industrial-related bike/pedestrian bridge will everyone experience the features of the Handels-dok Bruges. The bridge has a cycle lane (3m) of asphalt. The walking lane (1,5m) is separated from the bicycle part of the bridge through a stainless steel strip. The walking area consist of light gray asphalt. Each side of the bridge has a safety rai-ling of stainless steel with a black strip on top to emphasize the course. The safety of the peo-ple on the bridge is guaranteed by the degree of weight (4,5m), so stopping people is not a risk for other users.This design of bridge is chosen by his modern ma-terials and elegant course along the Skyline.

Design

1 2 3 5 64

Erwin Batterink en Knut Wentink Hogeschool Van Hall Larenstein, Arnhem 14 jan 2011

optimal use are we adding some green elements. Another traffic conflict is visible at number 5. The Handelsdok (nr 6) has a lot potencies to create new functions. Number 7 is the ex-cisting green structure at the City wall.

5) This map is an example of the solu-tions to remove the traffic problems. With the new bridge at the northside of the area and the alternative cy-cle path along the road are all con-flicts removed. Give these two solu-tions a good design is the next step.

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The Culture LinkConcept design

not scaled, January 2011North

Sasplein

Genencor

Handelsdok


Details of the plan

Top Left This part shows the crossing of the Komvest N9 and the Komvest. On both sides of the road existing bicycle lane strips can be found. On the crossing a new bicycle path will be added, so cyclists cross the road on two points, but in one direction. The bicycle path from the newer centre part flows over into the new bicycle bridge. It will rise up until about five meters and shall continue over the parking spots of the fire department and further on in the direction of the Handelsdok.

Down Left The bicycle bridge will lower its level slowly until it almost reaches the water. In a soft angle it follows the quay. The bridge consists out of steel and concrete that creates a subtle line from the Park to the Handelsdok. The total weight of the bridge is 4,5 meter, 2,5 for the bicycle path and 2 meters for the pedestrians. This weight should be able to handle traffic from both sides and people can stop and enjoy the view. On the lower spot of the map, you can see how the Komvest follows the Genencor area. On both sides of the road bicycle strips are signed with a dashed line. The existing green verge and the trees are preserved and the path will be used for pedestrians.

Top right The quay on the left side of the historical buildings will be paved with large concrete tiles. This refers to its industrial surroundings and the functional way a quay is build. The concrete also accentuates the old buildings by contrasting with their material.Between the concrete tiles there is a space of about 5 centimetres where grasses can grow. This will soften the impact of the hard grey concrete and create an industrial but at the same time a cosy and spontaneous environment. The bicycle path continuous over the concrete quay and the pedestrian path stops when it reaches this. The bicycle path continuous under an existing tunnel within the historical buildings, through the more park like area and further on until the Sasplein where it ends. On the other side of the historical buildings a more park like area is created. Grasses and trees give this part a relaxed atmosphere. People can sit on a terrace in the shade of the trees and enjoy their lunch breake. The edge of the quay is made out of a concrete stroke of 1,2 meter (as is the one shown in map D).

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People can sit here and walk along the canal. A path next to the historical buildings is paved with old bricks and refers to its historical environment. This path is reached by passing an old existing gate, that forms the perfect entrance to the Handelsdok area.

Down right The gate and Handelsdok area is reached from the parking of Genencor. The Handelsdok old elements are used in the design, unlike the parking, this area will get a total makeover. More parking spaces will be created. By unifying the parking with its surroundings the public function of the parking will become clear. The lines that show in the map are concrete elements that form a border between the parking spaces. On the side of the quay they form the perfect sitting elements to enjoy the water of the canal.

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Starting from the bridge that leads you over the Komvest we pass the fire department and its parking spaces. The first building we see of the Genecor area has a text on its wall. In big blue letters the word GROEN (green) appears and is inspired by the Stroop effect developed by the American psychologist John Ridley Stroop. It raises questions such as, what color it should be or what a green building actually is. It shows our approach to this area as a different part of the city wall. Industry and cultural history are the charac-teristics we try to accentuate by bringing them in the front line and showing their qualities. A new organic designed bridge fills the missing link and leads you through this appealing landscape.

More Visuals


Top image The striking pipe system of Genencor is an inspiring industrial element. The color used is that of stainless steel ore aluminum and corresponds with the material of the bridge. The original use of concrete in the industrial area will be integrated in other parts of the plan. By using similar materials the project area will show as a unity. Inside the industrial area the existing garden will be transformed into a new simplified garden with a grass field and tree trees. The natural green of the garden will strengthened the contrast with the industrial elements around it and therefore make them more obvious to see.

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Down image The old buildings and the Spanish house will get an optimal attention by its visitors. The old buildings will be shown in a high contrast with the open space. Functions such as restaurants, shops and small cultural activities will give the Handelsdok a new recreational value. The white building next to the parking will be the eye catcher and marks the entrance of the area. Around the historical complex the ground will be materialized with concrete. This refers to its industrial surroundings. Between the concrete tiles a pattern with grass strokes soften the gray surface and gives it its friendly look. Sheltered from the wind and next to the water this location is a perfect relaxing spot.


After passing the bike tunnel through the historical buildings you arrive in the park zone. Grass and high trees form the setting for another relaxing environment. It becomes the entrance to the area of historical buildings and on the other side the more industrial setting. Within this space it is possible to create terraces next to the water. In the shade of the trees visitors can enjoy the coolness within the city. The bike route continuous over the water and forward to the Sasplein and the city wall. In the materialization concrete is used again next to the water. On the site of the buildings old bricks accentuate the history.

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The parking has two functions. It is the parking for Genecor and for the visitors of the Handelsdok. It forms the entrance to the public area. The parking consists out of concrete lines (about 30 cm high) filled with soil. Grasses and trees can grow easily here. It has a modern layout with lines that continue in the park zone outside the Handelsdok, as shown in the master plan. But here the situation is turned around. The grass grows on the lower inner parts and the lines are filled with concrete. People can sit on these concrete elements.

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Knut Johannes 01 - The Culture Link

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Transcript of Knut Johannes 01 - The Culture Link