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KNOWLEDGE SHARING - 2 - Proteksi Petir - PLN P3BS - 07 Sep 2015 - A.pdf
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Transcript of KNOWLEDGE SHARING - 2 - Proteksi Petir - PLN P3BS - 07 Sep 2015 - A.pdf
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1
!"#$
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PETIR DAN MASYARAKAT MODERN
MODERN SOCIETY
Production Function :- Airport, Transportation - Hospital, TV station, Radio- Intelegent Buildings- Industries, Oil & Gas, etc
INFRASTRUCTURE
- Facilities- Electric Power- Telecommunication- Data Processing- Instrument & Control
CBCLOUD
R
PREVENTION DAMAGE/ DESTRUCTIONSingleSimultan
PanicCatastrophic
Lightning Characteristic
LPS1. External Protection2. Internal Protection
LPATS1. Detection Process 2. LPS Design3. Emergency Planning 4. Fault Analysis5. Safety 6. Reliability7. Prediction 8.Preventive Maint.
AKTIF
PASIF
%2-$%"*835,%"55"$%"((*%,2"2*2,((2%35$%"(%%2%(*"(,-
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10,0
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15,0
28
0
-300C
t
KMKM
8
14
12
10
8
6
4
2
0
2 KM
ARAH ANGIN
ANGIN NAIK
ARAH ANGINPERMUKAAN TANAH+25
+10
0
-10
-20
-30
-500 C
HUJAN
SALJU
KRISTAL ES
KM
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r = 6,7 i (m)0.8
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DownwardDownwardLeaderLeader
Return StrokeReturn Stroke
Competing Competing Upward LeaderUpward Leader
Stepped Stepped LeaderLeader
Terjadi SambaranPetir
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15
Statistik arus puncak (i) tropis dan sub-tropis
16
4
5
Europe by Karl Berger, measured at Mt San Salvatore , Switzerland : (1) petir pertama total, (2) petir negatif, (3) petir positif. Indonesia by Reyn aldo Zoro, measured at Mt Tangkuban Perahu : (4) petir negatif, (5) petir pos itif
Sub-tropis20 kA
Tropis40 kA
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*=, %3
17
(1) Europe by Karl Berger, measured at Mt San Salva tore, Switzerland. (2) Indonesia by Reynaldo Zoro, measured at Mt Tangkuban Perahu
Sub-tropis18 kA/us
Tropis30 kA/us
(%*=,"*#4>,
Waktu Mencapai Puncak ; t = 1,34 us
Arus Puncak Petir :i = 40 kA
Kecuraman Arus Petir di/dt = 30 kA/us
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Guinness book of world record
22
Kerapatan Sambaran Petir di P. Jawa
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12
23
Kerapatan Sambaran Petir di Jawa Barat
(" % "
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C%= ="*,
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(&.%GGG
Karakteristik Petir PolaritasNegatif
PolaritasPositif
Arus Puncak( i )
Maksimum TangkubanPerahu
280 kA 298 kA
Jawa Barat 335 kA 392 kA
Probability 50 % 40 kA 18 kA
Rata-rata 41 kA 30 kA
Kecuraman(di/dt)
Maksimum 119 kA/ mmmms 120 kA/ mmmms
Probability 50 % 30 kA/ mmmms 20 kA/ mmmms
Kerapatan Sambaran (sambaran/km 2/tahun) 4,1 12,4 1,5 3,8
Kerapatan Sambaran Total (sambaran/km 2/tahun)
7,9 15,5
26
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14
/H!
Simangkok
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15
("$2
7"(2$
Statistik Variansi Bulanan Kejadian Petir di Wilaya h Galang - Simangkok(1 Januari 1999- 31 Oktober 2002), Window 200 x 60 Km2
2 42
1115
4050
1285
463 7
85
5229
190
2087
2675
1417
1 43
276
269
136
29
261
330
23
1921
1251
3 87
1500
4828
1628
566
1118
6312
150
1704
2168
754
0
500
1000
1500
2000
2500
3000
3500
4000
4500
5000
5500
6000
6500
7000
Jan Feb March April May June July Augt Sept Oct Nov Dec
Str
ikes
Cou
nt
Negative Positive Total
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I2*$!J,Statistik Frekuensi Harian Kejadian Petir di Wilaya h Galang - Simangkok
(1 Januari 1999- 31 Oktober 2002), Window 200 x 60 Km2
0
500
1000
1500
2000
2500
3000
0:00
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Time (WIB)
Bin
NEGATIVE STROKES POSITIVE STROKES CLOUD STROKES
%%
0.$%
32
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17
Shielding Failure
Flashover
Back Flashover
Induced Over voltage
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Current discharge up to 400kA (recorded on TnB, Malaysia
Overvoltage is equalent to line surgeimpedance (400 W) x current discharge.
Average discharge is 30kA Average overvoltage is over 4MV
On 110kV not equiped, flashover rate due to shielding failure :
1 to 2 / 100km of line / year
Direct stroke on the lines = Shielding Failure
Direct stroke on the shielding wire
8=
Stroke on the shielding wire that, due to the footing resistance, increase the voltage on the pole, leading to back flashover
Direct stroke on the shielding wire
Backflashover
On 110kV not equiped, flashover rate due to backflashover:
10 to 14 / 100km of line / year
Total Flashover due to Lightning In PEA (Thailand), without protection the
standard flashover rate is around : 13-16 flashes/100 km/year
=> Improvement can reduce down to about 4 flashes/100 km/year.
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19
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%(4H
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Induksi pada Jaringan 20 kV & merusak Trafo akibat sambaran petir pada menara Telekomunikasi
5
48
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(%)
Pole with line arrester a span ahead of 36BL01 pole
Broken conductor
36BL01 pole
Pole with line arrester
Broken pin insulator
54H7
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1
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1. Terminal Udara / Finial
2. Penghantar Turun
3. Sistem Grounding
1
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3 (TIGA) JENIS TEGANGAN DAN ARUS
$;?(."2(" %;?(%%"6-* ((3,."2(!( ?%(-2*3,.(2%*,."2 K(
(62%((;
Arus Petir; 100 mikrodetik
Arus AC; 10.000 mikrodetik
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1. Touch Voltage
2. Indirect Strike
3. Direct Strike
4. Side Flash
5. Step Voltage
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Step Voltage
ssddrrrrrrrr
V
Death
Transient paralysisKematian akibat beda tegangan
+pr
=)sd(d
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IV
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36
Pemasangan groundingRod pada kaki Tower pada struktur tiangBeton
"2 (N 6(" %" 2
Grounding Rod Tampak Samping
Grounding Rod Tampak Atas
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37
PemasanganGrounding Rod padabagian kaki Tower sepanjang track, pada struktur tiangbaja atau besi
&"2%(1(."(" =441
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78!$+8$
%447/M.(((2"%$;544/M
Induktansi Grounding (driven rod)
mHrL /)/ln(2.0 m=
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;"" ?
20 m
!""! ! !""! ! !""! ! !""! ! #$!!%&()*#!*$+!!#$!!%&()*#!*$+!!#$!!%&()*#!*$+!!#$!!%&()*#!*$+!! (!(!(!(! !""! ! !""! ! !""! ! !""! ! #$!%&(,)*#*$+!!#$!%&(,)*#*$+!!#$!%&(,)*#*$+!!#$!%&(,)*#*$+!! !!!!
-!!#*$!-!!#*$!-!!#*$!-!!#*$! !()!!!!!!()!!!!!!()!!!!!!()!!!!!
.!!#$!.!!#$!.!!#$!.!!#$!
//// #$!!()*(!!#$!!()*(!!#$!!()*(!!#$!!()*(!! !!!!!!!!.!!#$!.!!#$!.!!#$!.!!#$!//// #$!!()*!!#$!!()*!!#$!!()*!!#$!!()*!! 0!0!0!0!//// 12 121212 //// 3333
mLRTeff /1=
mr
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T1=10us
T2=0.25 us
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40
PENGUKURAN IMPEDANSI GROUNDING DENGAN PETIR DIPANCING ROKET (EDF)
Bentuk elektroda yang diuji
/78!$7+8$
Grounding fondasi memberikan nilai Tahanan Impuls semakin kecil dengan makin curam nya gelombang petir
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