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![Page 1: Knowledge Modeling for Integrating Semantic Web Services and E-Government Applications Alessio Gugliotta gugliott@dimi.uniud.it Department of Computer.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062511/551a0ec755034619378b4d96/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Knowledge Modeling for Integrating Semantic Web Services
and E-Government Applications
Alessio [email protected]
Department of Computer Science, University of UdineDepartment of Computer Science, University of Udinehttp://www.dimi.uniud.it
ISWC2005 - Doctoral SymposiumMonday, 7 November 2005
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OverviewE-Government and Knowledge Mangement (KM)
Public Administration (PA)Makes use of KM- Representing Information and Service- Increasing the productivity of its activities
Highly distributed and hetereogeneousenviroment.
Trend calls for joined-up services:-Simple to use-Shaped aroud and respondind user needs-PA as unique entity
Scalable and flexibleKM Systems
Interoperability
Integration
Matching UserNeeds
Call for solutions
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OverviewSemantic Web and Semantic Web Services (SWS)
SWS Enviroment
Agent to Agentcommunication
New services can be added,discovered, composed, and mediatedcontinually
Describes Services by means of ontologies
Interoperability
Integration
Scalability, Flexibility
Call for Application Fields
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OverviewUsing SWS in E-Gov application
SWS and E-Gov.. Why Not? … but the integration is not an easy task:
PA uses specific infrastructure to represent knowledge
Interaction with non-software agents: multiple viewpoints (citizen, politician, manager, etc.)
Services are not atomic, No single-response step, Negotiation with the user
PA does not “talk” in terms of SWS
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Description of PurpouseKM and E-Gov: Existing Approaches
Solution for supporting service-based systems No ontologies for representing E-Government knowledge Description of concepts and processes: Metada, XML schemas
Ontologies describing specific E-Gov areas Demostrating the feasibility of semantic in E-Gov application No general purpouse: Legislation, Documents, Processes No SWS
SWS approach Ontogov
Configuration and Re-Configuration of E-Gov services Focus on description of service life cycle No standard approach for semantic web service description
TerreGov Addresing Interoperability Issues (Cross-Bordering services) Early Stage of development OWL-S approach for service description
All approaches are Service Oriented!
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Description of PurpouseProblems to address
Re-Usable Semantic-Based Framework Keeping PA autonomy in the description of the domain
Introduce existence of mismatch problems Co-operative description of the scenario
Clear Distinction E-Gov Service-Supply Scenario Description
Context where the services are provided Multi-viewpoints description
Service Description Describing an important but limitated aspect of e-Government
domain Automatic discovery, composition, mediation, and execution of services Using existing (proposed) standard for SWS
Representing Business Model -> planning tasks Interaction Model -> describing negotiations / interaction protocols
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Goal StatementComplex Semantic-Based Layer integrating SWS
Two main issuesConceptual ModelingCreation of the infrastructure for the semantic
interopearbility
E-GovernmentApplication
Public Administration
Web ServicesWeb ServicesWeb Services Back-Office
Public Administration
Web ServicesWeb ServicesWeb Services Back-Office
ContextDescription
ServicesDescriptions
VocabularyDescription
SWSFramework
(IRS-III)
ApplicationInterface
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Goal StatementMain results
Core Life Event Ontology (CLEO) Describing E-Gov service-supply knowledge structure Mappig to SWS descriptions Introducing a Knowledge Elicitation methodology
Helping Domain experts to describe the context Driving Developer to implement SWS
Sound Conceptual Model (Meta-Ontologies) Core Life Event Ontology (CLEO) Service Ontology
Containing the SWS descriptions (WSMO) Extending / completing CLEO with the web service descriptions
Domain Ontology Encoding concepts of the PA domain / building blocks
Modeling approach Descriptive entities (indipendent views on the scenario by involved actors) Terms – Vocabulary of involved actors (the actual objects descriptive entities act
upon)
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Goal StatementThe Conceptual Model
(3) Multi-Viewpoint
(6a) PA Autonomy(7)
Distinguish two conceptual levels:-Context-SWS
(6b)Extendibility
(1) Life Event Approach
(4) Descriptive Modules
(2) Co-operation
(5) Distinguishing betweenDescription and Vocabulary
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Methodology (4)CLEO
Axiom and Rule forIntegration with WSMO
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MethodologyReference Models
Representing the base / foundation of our work Life Event approach
Considers government operation from the perspective of everyday life
No simple way to arrange provided services Point of contact among all involved actor viewpoints Promting the supply of services by PA
Service levels of interaction 4 levels: information, one-way, two-way, and full-
transaction
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MethodologyReference Models
The government service supply reference model
The e-government system reference model
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MethodologyMeta-Modeling
Mapping Reference Models into Meta-Ontologies Models expressing modeling process Re-Usability, Extensibility, Cooperative development
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MethodologyOntologies for conceptual modeling: DOLCE
We considered its module Description&SituationStarting Point for building ontologies requiring
contextualization Situation and Description concepts
Situation described by means of descriptive entities: Parameters, Functional Roles and Courses of Events.
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MethodologyOntologies for conceptual modeling: WSMO
Objectives that a client wants toachieve by using Web Services
Provide the formally specified terminologyof the information used by all other components
Semantic description of Web Services: - Capability (functional)- Interfaces (usage)
Connectors between components with mediation facilities for handling heterogeneities
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Methodology Integrating CLEO and WSMO
WSMO goal -> Goal Description WSMO non functional properties -> Quality
Description WSMO WS -> Service Description WSMO Choreography -> Interaction Description WSMO Orchestration -> Plan Description Domain Ontology -> WSMO Ontology WSMO Medietors elements (source, target)
obtained by means of reasoning
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EvaluationOne Stop Government Portal
Portal for the Essex County Council (UK) Case Study: Change of Circumstance
Community Care Department (Essex) Housing Department End User: caseworkers of community care Changes influence:
legacy system information list of benefits
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EvaluationChange of Circumstance case study
Service Ontology
Domain Ontology
CLEO Ontology
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Evaluation / Future Work
More Case Studies Testing the methodology of CLEO
Creating the Infrastructure for the Semantic Interoperability
Tools for creating/managing the conceptual model
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Questions
Thank You!
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Overview
Semantic Web Services (SWS)Promising Technology
Multi-agent enviromeny automatic discovery, composition, mediation,
invocation addressing Interoperability and Integration issues
WSMO and OWL-SCall for application
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Description of PurpouseService-Supply Scenario: Integration and Interoperability
Agency
Government Organization
Agency Agency Agency
Government Organization
Agency Agency
…
Citizen Businesses
Automatic Discovery, Composition, Mediation, Execution of Services
Services
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Description of PurpouseService-Supply Scenario: Matching the user needs
Agency
Government Organization
Agency Agency Agency
Government Organization
Agency Agency
…
Citizen
About a task:- Most Suitable Service- Different Citizen – Different Services
Citizen
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Description of Perpouse (3)
Limitation of existing approachesService-Oriented, No Multi-viepoints approachFocus on specific aspects of e-Government,
No General PurpouseBusiness Model oriented, No Transaction
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Description of Purpouse (2)
Matching User NeedsA user task may be consumed by different
servicesDifferent aspect should be taken in
consideration (citizenship, family situation, etc.)
Which is the most suitable service?Different Citizen – Different Services
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Description of Purpouse (3)WSMO – Top Level Notions
Objectives that a client wants toachieve by using Web Services
Provide the formally specified terminologyof the information used by all other components
Semantic description of Web Services: - Capability (functional)- Interfaces (usage)
Connectors between components with mediation facilities for handling heterogeneities
![Page 27: Knowledge Modeling for Integrating Semantic Web Services and E-Government Applications Alessio Gugliotta gugliott@dimi.uniud.it Department of Computer.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062511/551a0ec755034619378b4d96/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
Goal Statement (3)
Life Event Oriented Common Point among all involved actors Prompt the development of services
Multi Viewpoints description Distributed Approach
Each actor responsible for its domain Cooperative development
Interaction and Business Model description Integration of SWS for automatic discovery, composition,
mediation and execution of services
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Description of PurpouseSWS : Brief Introduction
Describing Web Services by means of ontologies Two main approaches
WSMO (Web Service Modeling Ontology) OWL-S
Allowing automatic discovery, composition, mediation, and invocation of Web Services
Addressing Interoperability and Integration issues WSMO distinguishes between User TASKS and Provided SERVICES
BUT
Describing an important but limitated aspect of e-Government domain
No description of complex situations with negotiation between Non Software User and Service Provider