Knowledge Mapping for Open Sensemaking Communities
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Transcript of Knowledge Mapping for Open Sensemaking Communities
Knowledge Mapping for Open Sensemaking CommunitiesSimon Buckingham Shum & Alexandra Okada
OpenLearn 2007 Conference, Milton Keynes, UK, 30-31 Oct. 2007
Knowledge Media Institute, Open University, UK
Overview
Stepping out of Gutenberg’s shadow
Spatial maps
Knowledge Maps
Sensemaking infrastructure for structured discourse
In Gutenberg’s shadow (or standing on his shoulders)
Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of LondonMarch 1665
Le Journal des SçavansJanuary 1665
Newspapers + Invisible Colleges = Scholarly Journals
We want to change cognition
The most reproduced photo in the world (?). Transformed how we saw ourselves.
We want to change cognition One way to do this is through visualizations of
thinking
Computer-supported knowledge mapping is one way to slow people down and get them to reflect on what they are thinking and saying
The power of maps (1)
http://flickr.com/photos/hooly/473301482/
Aesthetic appeal
Use of landmarks for shared orientation
Selective hiding and highlighting of detail for a specific purpose
The power of maps (2)
http://flickr.com/photos/revdancatt/40617383/
User-controlled views and detail
Context + focus (Shneiderman)
The power of maps (3)
http://flickr.com/photos/wttw/14763924/
Multiple points of entry
Topography not geography
A platform for collaboration in the digital world
Geographical maps help… transcend the limitations of private, individual
representations of terrain in order to augment group planning, reasoning and memory
open new possibilities for collective attention, re-living the past, envisaging new scenarios, coordinating actions and making decisions
mediate the inner mental world and outer physical world
make sense of the universe at different scales, by overlaying meanings onto that world
remember what is important, and explore possible configurations of the unknown
Open Sensemaking Communities OPEN to…
people and perspectives
SENSEMAKING… Interpreting, patterning, redressing surprise,
externalising understanding, constructing plausible narratives about the world (Karl Weick, 1995)
COMMUNITIES learners and ‘professional’ analysts predefined communities or emergent
Knowledge maps (1)
“Foundational concept, fragmented thinking, line of argument, blue skies research, peripheral work”…
…we spatialise the world of ideas all the time
Maps can be used to make such configurations tangible, whether sketched on a napkin or modelled in software
The challenge What sensemaking infrastructure
will enable us to do something like this…
…for intellectual landscapes over OERs?
Q2: Previous Q2: Previous hot topic?hot topic?
Q3: Turning Q3: Turning point?point?
Q4: Q4: Transition Transition
path?path?
Q1: Current Q1: Current hot topic?hot topic?
Chaomei Chen: visualization of trends in a literature (terrorism)
Knowledge maps (2)
information visualization: representing spatially, intellectual worlds that have no intrinsic spatial properties
mapping as an intrinsic part of personal and collective sensemaking
mapping the structure of physical phenomena (e.g. a biological process) intellectual artifacts (e.g. a curriculum) intellectual processes of inquiry (e.g. a meeting
discussion, or a scientific or public debate).
Knowledge mapping as sensemaking
Clarify the intellectual moves and commitments at different levels.
Incorporate further contributions from others, whether in agreement or not.
Provoke, mediate, capture and improve constructive discourse.
Maps are narratives
Web maps
Web Map about mapping tools with Nestor Web Cartographer
Mindmaps
Mind Map created with Buzan’s iMindmap
Concept maps
Concept Map created with CMap Tools
Evidence maps
Using SEAS to map the strength of evidential support for an answer to a question
Argument maps (Reason!Able)
Argument maps (Rationale)
www.austhink.com
Literatures as discourse networks:Don’t try this in Google…
Don’t try this in Google…
What if we could get search results like this?…
One of seven maps in the Mapping Great Debates: Can Computers Think? Series.
MacroVU Press. www.macrovu.com (Horn, 2003; Yoshimi, 2006)
Horn (zoomed in)
MacroVU Press. www.macrovu.com
Argument mapping
Detailed argument map of an author’s article
Detailed argument map of an author’s article
www.kmi.open.ac.uk/projects/compendium/iraqwww.kmi.open.ac.uk/projects/compendium/iraq
Dialogue maps
Dialogue Map created in Compendium (OpenLearn’s knowledge mapping tool)
Dialogue maps: JSB’s keynote
http://kmi.open.ac.uk/people/sbs/news
Dialogue maps: JSB’s keynote
http://kmi.open.ac.uk/people/sbs/news
Real time mapping to scaffold learning conversations…
(e-PhD mentoring video)
KM Tool 1: Compendium
Desktop Java application, with active user community: CompendiumInstitute.org
Publishes read only HTML maps + XML to the OER web environment (Moodle)
Moodle PHP open source code to manage Compendium maps
Compendium + Moodle
Compendium + Moodle
Compendium + Moodle Compendium software downloads:
encouraging
Compendium + Moodle XML downloads: small (not the same as just viewing a
map)
Compendium + Moodle Compendium map uploads: very small
Recent map upload stats
Example maps
Cameron Esslemont: http://openlearn.open.ac.uk/file.php/2825/kmap/1183035112/Trachoma.html
Example maps
Alan Farrar: http://openlearn.open.ac.uk/file.php/1646/kmap/1189665565/Natural%20Selection.html
Knowledge Maps by f-f Educators Student assignments: lecture classes +
homework UC Berkeley example:
Knowledge Maps by f-f Educators Student assignments: lecture classes +
homework UC Berkeley example:
Knowledge Maps by f-f Educators Planning a new course on Corporate Social
Responsibility (Mark Aakhus, Rutgers University)
Knowledge Maps by f-f Educators A professor dialogue maps the concept of a
‘disagreement space’ in conversation with a student (Mark Aakhus, Rutgers University)
Knowledge Maps for Educators Learning Design Patterns: mapping the
learner’s workflow in e-learning activities (see OpenLearn’07 paper by Gráinne Conole, IET, Open University)
Knowledge Maps for Educators Learning Design Patterns: mapping the
learner’s workflow in e-learning activities (Gráinne Conole, IET, Open University)
Next steps…
Web Compendium initiatives
EU Project CoPe_it! has implemented a web-centric IBIS tool, interoperable with Compendium (see left)
http://copeit.cti.gr
Also…
Conzilla now supports Dialogue Mapping
GlaxoSmithKline have piloted a web-centric extension to Compendium
Rutgers University is experimenting with Citrix to provide shared web access to Compendium
KM Tool 2: Web tool for connecting
‘Ideas’ “From tag clouds to tag
webs” Generate maps from
personal and the world’s connections
Embed maps in other websites
RSS feeds and URLs cohereweb.net
Cohere Idea cloud Created by the user, possibly seeded by a
bookmark RSS feed (e.g. del.icio.us, CiteULike, etc.)
Editing a connection Forging links between ideas
Cohere Connection Net Self-organising graph generated from personal, or world’s, connections Controls for adjusting scale, link-length and gravity Click Ideas and Connections to edit Can be filtered and searched by keyword, or connection structure on user-
specified links
Click target icon to view Knowledge MapClick target icon to view Knowledge Map
http://cohereweb.net/x/y/zhttp://cohereweb.net/x/y/z <iframe>xyz</iframe><iframe>xyz</iframe>
Full Screen Knowledge MapFull Screen Knowledge Map
Get URLGet URL Get Snippet CodeGet Snippet Code
Cohere snippetsEmbedding Ideas/Maps in other websites for viral spread
< >
8
Knowledge Cartography Due 2008 (Springer)
Leading researchers and practitioners in mapping intellectual worlds
Shared focus on mapping as sensemaking
Conceptual foundations and practical tools with vibrant user communities
Conclusions
Knowledge mapping has a central role to play in weaving narrative connections between OERs
Moreover, we currently lack infrastructures for large scale, structured discourse and visualization
We are working towards a social-semantic web environment for learners and other analysts to weave and contest the connections between ideas
To know more…
KMi’s scholarly software R&D
Hypermedia Discourse project www.kmi.open.ac.uk/projects/hyperdiscourse
Open Sensemaking Communities project www.kmi.open.ac.uk/projects/osc