Knowledge Management Overview

ByM. SURULINATHI

surulinathi@gmail.comDepartment of Library and Information Science

What is Knowledge Management?

Knowledge Management is planning, designing, building, operating and maintaining the knowledge Management System.

Knowledge Management is managing knowledge of · Information in Document

(Sounds, Images and Text)

Knowledge in People Heads

-Collaboration

-Storytelling

-Mind mapping

Organizational Memory

-Knowledge Re-use

-Community of Practice

-Lesson Learning

Conversion of Information to Knowledge

-Logical intelligence

-Collaborative Intelligence

-Sensory Experience

-Intuition and Technology Experience

Learning Methods

-Discovery Learning

-Constructivist Learning

-Task-based Learning

-Goal-based Learning

Definition of Knowledge Management

According to Ouitas et al. (1997)

Knowledge Management is to discover, develop, utilize, deliver and absorb knowledge inside and outside the organization through an appropriate management process to meet current and future needs

Types of Knowledge

Explicit KnowledgeTacit Knowledge

Explicit knowledge:

Codified Transmittable through formal, systematic language Theoretical Easily transmitted and stored: Documents Databases etc. Approximately 5% of all knowledge

Tacit knowledge

PersonalExperience“Knowledge of body”Mental models Difficult to share and transmitEstimate: 95% of all knowledge

Dimensions of Knowledge

TACIT KNOWLEDGE EXPLICIT KNOWLEDGE

Difficult to teachable Teachable· Difficult to articulated Articulate· Difficult to observable in use Observable in use· Complex Simple· Undocumented Documented

Stages in Knowledge Management System

Identify Knowledge Knowledge Gap Core Competencies Knowledge Domain People and skills

Stages in Knowledge Management System

Collect Knowledge Buying Knowledge – Recruiting Merging the Organisations Outsourcing Rending Knowledge – Consultant Data entry OCR and scanning Searching for information to include

Stages in Knowledge Management System

Select Knowledge Assess the value of Information Find the insight

Store Knowledge Expert System – Storing of expert knowledge Repository Keep and Index the knowledge dynamically

Stages in Knowledge Management System

Share Knowledge·        Selective Dissemination of Information·        SECI Model Create Knowledge·        SECI Model  Apply Knowledge·        Perform Support System Problem Solving and Task analysis

Knowledge Life cycle

Model

SECI Model

Socialization

This process focuses on tacit to tacit knowledge linking. Tacit knowledge goes beyond the boundary and new knowledge is created by using the process of interactions, observing, discussing, analyzing, spending time together or living in same environment. The socialization is also known as converting new knowledge through shared experiences. Organizations gain new knowledge from outside its boundary also like interacting with customers, suppliers and stack holders. This occurs in traditional environments where son learns the technique of wood craft from his father by working with him (rather than from reading from books or manuals).

Externalization

This process focuses on tacit to explicit knowledge linking. It helps in creating new knowledge as tacit knowledge comes out of its boundary and became collective group knowledge.

Combination

Combination is a process where knowledge transforms from explicit knowledge to explicit knowledge.

Creative use of database to get report, sorting, adding, categorizing are some examples of combination process

Internalization

By internalization explicit knowledge is created using tacit knowledge and is shared across the organization. When this tacit knowledge is read or practiced by individuals then it broadens the learning spiral of knowledge creation.

What is Knowledge Capture

A process by which the expert’s thoughts and experiences are captured

A knowledge developer collaborates with an expert to convert expertise into a coded program

Knowledge Capturing Tools

The Interview As a ToolThe Interview As a ToolCommonly used in the

early stages of tacit knowledge capture

The voluntary nature of the interview is important

Types of Interviews

StructuredStructured:: Questions and responses are definitive. Used when specific information is sought

Semi-structuredSemi-structured:: Predefined questions are asked but allow expert some freedom in expressing the answers

UnstructuredUnstructured:: Neither the questions nor their responses specified in advance. Used when exploring an issue

Other Tools

On Site ObservationBrainstorming Online BrainstormingBlackboard

Knowledge Codification

Converting tacit knowledge to explicit knowledge in a usable form

Converting undocumented to documented information

Knowledge Codification Tools

Knowledge MapKnowledge treeKnowledge Table and so on.

Other Knowledge

Management Tools

Moodle Course Management Software

Moodle is designed to help educators create online courses with opportunities for rich interaction.

It is bringing together users and developers from all over the world into discussions about using and developing as their platform of choice for internet-based learning.

Features

Forums Content Managing

(Resources) Quizzes with different

kinds of questions. Blogs Wikis Database activities Surveys Chat Glossaries Peer assessment Multi-language

support (over 60 languages)

Mind Mapping

Storytelling Storytelling as a valuable Knowledge Management

technique for sharing knowledge

Benefits of Storytelling Communicate quickly Communicate naturally Communicate clearly Communicate truthfully Communicate collaboratively Communicate accurately Communicate entertainingly Communicate movingly Communicate feelingly Communicate intuitively

Community of Practice

KM Software- Microsoft Office SharePoint Server

To facilitate collaboration, provide content management features, implement business processes, and supply access to information that is essential to organizational goals and processes.

http://www.microsoft.com/sharepoint/capabilities/portals/demos.mspx

Knowledge Management: Case Study

KM at NASA

KM at INFOSYS

KM at CPRI

Groupware

Knowledge Management in Libraries

Libraries should be developed and maintained an integrated online public access catalogue (OPAC) with both internal and external resources as well as printed and other formats of knowledge.

Useful websites and knowledge sources should be regularly searched and selected from the internet

Knowledge Management in Libraries

Going beyond explicit knowledge, libraries should also develop to capture all that tacit knowledge that is of importance to their users, their organizations, and to the internal operations of libraries.

The website of each library should serve as a “portal” for all sources of relevant knowledge and information whether explicit or tacit, whether on site or remote and in all formats.

Knowledge Management in LibrariesLibrary Website

Knowledge Management in LibrariesCreate Knowledge Repository

Chat with Librarian

Web Interaction Services

Success Factors of Knowledge Management

The success of a KM initiative depends on many factors

Leadership ( leaders model the behavior = CoP)

Culture – (reward systems )

Structure, roles and responsibilities–(steering committee, a central KM support group etc)

Information Technology Infrastructure etc…

Knowledge Management In Libraries

The role of KM in Libraries will become more and more important along with the development of knowledge economy. It is a new management mode. The following superiority and characteristics are incomparable with conventional management. Information technology is a tool for KM Human resource management in KM User Services in KM Knowledge Resource Management Resource Sharing and Networking

Technologies for the knowledge management.

Intranet within an organization

• Document management systems

• Information retrieval systems

• Relational and object databases

• Electronic publishing

• Groupware and work flow systems

• Push technologies

• Help desk applications

• Brain storming applications

• Data warehousing and data mining

Conclusion

In summary, Knowledge Management involves connecting people with people, as well as people with information. They have to transform information and knowledge into action

The best knowledge creators are academics.