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Knowledge Management @ FAO : Partnerships | USAIN 2008
FAO as a Knowledge Organization - Leveraging on Partnerships to
Promote Knowledge Exchange in Agricultural Domain
Gauri Salokhe, Stephen Katz
Knowledge Exchange and Capacity Building Division
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Knowledge Management @ FAO : Partnerships | USAIN 2008
What is Knowledge Management?
A catchy/trendy modern term, but is elusive as a concept!
Everyone has an intuitive sense of what it is about, but there is no universal definition. Entire books are written about it!
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Knowledge Management @ FAO : Partnerships | USAIN 2008
What is Knowledge Management?
It is about capturing, creating, distilling, sharing and using know-how. That know-how includes explicit and tacit knowledge. Know-how is used as shorthand for know-how, know-what, know-who, know-why and know-when.
It’s ... about the communities that keep know-how of a topic alive by sharing what they know, building on it and adapting it to their own use.
It is not snapshot of what is known at a single point in time, but an evolving set of know-how kept current by people who regularly use it.”
From “Learning to Fly”, Chris Collison and Geoff Parcell, Capstone Publishing:
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Knowledge Management @ FAO : Partnerships | USAIN 2008
What is Knowledge Management?
A complex set of functions involving processes, people and technology interacting together.
Not about doing something new but doing things in some new ways.
Partially about information technology and tools but mostly about process and empowerment of people
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Knowledge Management @ FAO : Partnerships | USAIN 2008
What is Knowledge Management?
In summary, KM is about:
connecting people together to create, share and exploit knowledge more effectively
connecting people to the information they need to develop and apply their knowledge in new ways
connecting people to the tools they need to process information and knowledge
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Knowledge Management @ FAO : Partnerships | USAIN 2008
Pulp Fiction vis-à-vis KM
Non-Linear, Out-of-Sequence How, where and when do you
start? Requires a different mind-set
(If-then-else/loop-until structures don’t apply!)
Unconventional Approach Top-down or bottom-up?
Maybe both?
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Knowledge Management @ FAO : Partnerships | USAIN 2008
Can appear at times to be a mechanism for like-minded people to come and “hug trees” together.
Perhaps too much “hype” associated with it
What’s the fuss all about anyway? FAO has been doing knowledge management for over 60 years.
Why does FAO need to do Knowledge Management?
It’s just more work on top of the too many things I already have to do
And if you want to be cynical: Is KM really the right terminology? Is knowledge really something you can manage, or is it something you share, adapt and apply on a case by case basis?
Knowledge Management...
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Knowledge Management @ FAO : Partnerships | USAIN 2008
What is FAO?
With KM concepts now crystal clear, a brief note about FAO:
FAO is a specialized agency of the United Nations with its own independent governance
190+ Member Countries
2008-2009 core budget of US$ 868 million and almost an equal amount of external funding
HQs in Rome, Offices in over 80 countries
Around 4000 staff World-Wide
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Knowledge Management @ FAO : Partnerships | USAIN 2008
Knowledge Exchange & Capacity Building Main Areas of Work
Support to the FAO web-site (http://www.fao.org)
Knowledge Management Services (http://www.fao.org/KnowledgeForum/)
WAICENT - World Agricultural Information Centre Portal (http://www.fao.org/waicent)
Electronic Publishing – all FAO Publications on-line
Standards for Information Management - AGROVOC Thesaurus, AGRIS Classification and metadata exchange schemes
Field Programmes
Capacity Building and E-Learning
Library Services
in ENGLISH, FRENCH, SPANISH, ARABIC, CHINESE... and now since 2008 also RUSSIAN!
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Knowledge Management @ FAO : Partnerships | USAIN 2008
FAOSTAT
KIMS
INPHO
GEOWEB
InformationSystems
Bibliography
Databases
ExpertProject
Organizations
Databases Databases
Databases
Directories
Specialised Applications
Database Search Engines
Metadata Metadata Metadata
Doc. RetrievalApplications
Map Retrieval Systems
Web+InformationFinder Applications
Core Metadata
Core Metadata
CoreMetadata
Portal Search/Dissemination InterfacePortal Architecture DiagramStandardisation in InformationCollection and Dissemination
AGROVOC
SubjectCategories
DTD
AGROVOC
SubjectCategories
DTD
Web PagesFAO-On-line
Web PagesCOAIM
Workshops
Document Repository
Photos
Maps
DTD
AGROVOC
SubjectCategories
DTD
Data Collection Sheets
Input Sheets
TemplatesGIS+Graphics Documents
Work-Flow Systems
WAICENTResource Finder
Country Profiles
Community Directory Systems (CDS)... in Theory
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Knowledge Management @ FAO : Partnerships | USAIN 2008
... in Practice
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Knowledge Management @ FAO : Partnerships | USAIN 2008
Independent External Evaluation
Released in October 2007 after two years of work
A team of International experts, core team of 6
Divided into 4 areas: Technical Work
Management and Administration (KM was here)
Governance
FAO’s Role Externally
Report: More than 400 pages, 109 recommendations
Available from the FAO Home Page: ftp://ftp.fao.org/docrep/fao/meeting/012/k0827e02.pdf
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Knowledge Management @ FAO : Partnerships | USAIN 2008
2) FAO is in a serious crisis which imperils its future
3) If FAO was to disappear tomorrow, much of it would need to be reinvented
8) As a knowledge organization, FAO should support Members in ensuring that needs are fully met – not necessarily to undertake each task itself. It must ensure that the world’s knowledge of food and agriculture is available to those who need it when they need it and in a form which they can access and use
Independent External Evaluation Key Messages
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Knowledge Management @ FAO : Partnerships | USAIN 2008
Back to the Beginning..
Back to the Beginning..
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Knowledge Management @ FAO : Partnerships | USAIN 2008
Why is KM Important
Information/data without applied knowledge (i.e. analysis, interpretation, adaptation within context) cannot resolve problems on their own
Most of an organization’s knowledge assets are located within the heads of people. That is, the so called “tacit knowledge”
Do’s and Don’ts are “tacit knowledge assets” not readily available
Many international institutions have adopted knowledge management approaches as a corporate strategy (e.g. The World Bank and UNDP)
Those who are not equipped to be part of the emerging global knowledge society will be left behind.
FAO currently is not entirely a “knowledge organization” but an organization with a lot of knowledge
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Knowledge Management @ FAO : Partnerships | USAIN 2008
FAO as a Knowledge Organization - Model
Leveraging solutions throughpartnerships with MemberNations, other agencies,
banks, NGOs, private sector
FAO: a knowledge organization in the information age
Acquiring and processing information in response to Members’ needs and priorities
Sharing knowledge through press, conferences, website and reports
Identifying trends by progress monitoring, assessments and early warning systems
Implementing solutionsthrough policy analysis andadvice, technical know-how,training and capacity building
to fight hunger and poverty and promote sustainabledevelopment at International, Regional and Country levels
Building consensus and commitment asa neutral forum and to mobilize resources
Sustaining FAO body of knowledge and strengthening FAO “Centre of Excellence”
LearningOrganization
learningfrom and
incorporatingknowledge
andexperience
Strengtheningknowledgenetworks & communitiesof practiceto promote
collaborativeproblemsolving
andinnovation
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Knowledge Management @ FAO : Partnerships | USAIN 2008
Towards a KM Strategy
Main Issues are divided into four categories:
Staff and technical expertise (Internal) Member States and Partnerships (External) Organizational structure and culture Technology and Infrastructure
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Knowledge Management @ FAO : Partnerships | USAIN 2008
Issues and Recommendations Members & Partnerships (External)
Issues:
FAO is quite internally focused but itself produces only a fraction of the knowledge required for addressing the world problems in poverty and hunger. There is an increasing need to work in partnerships and networks.
FAO nevertheless needs to know where appropriate and authoritative knowledge is to be found and how it can be accessed.
FAO and its partners are both suppliers and consumers of knowledge.
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Knowledge Management @ FAO : Partnerships | USAIN 2008
Issues and Recommendations Members & Partnerships (External)
Recommendation: Foster strategic partnerships and networking to facilitate KS
To do this, there is a need for:
FAO to become more of a facilitator and concentrate its actions as a doer in its areas of comparative strength.
FAO to help ensure that the world’s knowledge of food and agriculture is available to those who need it when they need it and in a form which they can access and use.
Strong partnerships need to be established with partner UN organizations, Non-Governmental Organizations, Universities, Governments and private organizations to assure knowledge sharing and collaboration.
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Knowledge Management @ FAO : Partnerships | USAIN 2008
Examples of possible collaboration areas
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Knowledge Management @ FAO : Partnerships | USAIN 2008
First Steps towards KM
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Knowledge Management @ FAO : Partnerships | USAIN 2008
Opportunities for Collaboration
A coordinated network of Question and Answer Services at national and regional levels
Common metadata sets for sharing Q and A using technologies such as RSS or XML
Direct linking to specialized Q and A services
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Knowledge Management @ FAO : Partnerships | USAIN 2008
Opportunities for Collaboration
Learn from the each other’s experience, both successes and failures.
Create and share “Good” Practices which:
have been adopted successfully in more than one region
are interdisciplinary in nature, reflecting the complex nature of the problems addressed.
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Knowledge Management @ FAO : Partnerships | USAIN 2008
Opportunities for Collaboration
Create a network of partners/specialists to share and support resolve issues
Ensure: Demand-driven Support and sponsorship from management Ensure proper membership (mix of experts) Continuous facilitation Flexible approach (i.e. tools, size, timeframe) Recognition to staff time dedicated to this activity
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Knowledge Management @ FAO : Partnerships | USAIN 2008
http://aglr.aua.gr
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Knowledge Management @ FAO : Partnerships | USAIN 2008
Objective
developing – adapting – repurposing learning resources on topics related to agricultural and rural development worldwide
LORs with reusable learning resources and interoperable metadata
LORs with open standards and technologies
global federations of LORs
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Knowledge Management @ FAO : Partnerships | USAIN 2008
Participating Organizations
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Knowledge Management @ FAO : Partnerships | USAIN 2008
established February 2008
>110 members - 26 countries and 16 organizations
75 in organizations with digital LOR
Working with European Expert group mapping metadata APs (European Committee for Standardization)
e-Conference on agricultural LORs - May 2008
Workshop on Learning Technology Standards - Sept 2008
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Knowledge Management @ FAO : Partnerships | USAIN 2008
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Knowledge Management @ FAO : Partnerships | USAIN 2008
Co-funded by the European Commission
eContentplus programme
Organic Agriculture (Organic Agriculture (OAOA) & Agroecology () & Agroecology (AEAE))
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Knowledge Management @ FAO : Partnerships | USAIN 2008
Users
Web Portal Module
Semantic Services Module
Content Providers
Learning Resources Exchange Module
Federation of Learning Resource Repositories
Learning Repository Management Module
Public Resources
BIO@GRO
Intute
School
ENOAT
Organic.Edunet Federation of Learning
Repositories
ECOLOGICA/COMPASS
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Knowledge Management @ FAO : Partnerships | USAIN 2008
AgriFeeds
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Knowledge Management @ FAO : Partnerships | USAIN 2008
News / Latest Developments
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Knowledge Management @ FAO : Partnerships | USAIN 2008
Events related to Agriculture
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Knowledge Management @ FAO : Partnerships | USAIN 2008
USAIN and FAO
Inform and involve Subject Specialists from the United States into Thematic Knowledge Networks
Increase involvement into the “Coherence for Information in Agricultural Research and Development (CIARD)” initiative
Work together on information sharing standard, development of tools, capacity building materials
Get Resources from American agricultural research into AGRIS
FAO’s multilingual resources are available for reuse
Collaboration between FAO and USAIN in projects in developing countries and to share experiences
New Interest Group?
Regular exchange of information through F2F events