Knowledge Based Management and Space

Dr Barry McCollumDr Barry McCollum

Structure

BackgroundBackground

Academic PrinciplesAcademic Principles

SpaceMAPSpaceMAP

Early Knowledge Based Systems King WilliamKing William (the Conqueror) (the Conqueror)

Established the appropriate tax through use of a surveyEstablished the appropriate tax through use of a survey Doomsday SurveyDoomsday Survey

detailed statement of lands held by the detailed statement of lands held by the kingking and by his and by his tenants tenants and of the and of the resourcesresources that went with those lands. that went with those lands.

which manors rightfully belonged to which estateswhich manors rightfully belonged to which estates Ended disputes over ownership created a database of Ended disputes over ownership created a database of

informationinformation A sort of big Faculty/School/Department that was to A sort of big Faculty/School/Department that was to

characterise history down to this day. characterise history down to this day.

Collection and Analysis counties, landholders, and manorscounties, landholders, and manors

William understood the need to convert data to information, then to put information in context to gain knowledge, and through application of knowledge, achieve wisdom.

The new Kingdom was saved!

Domesday Land Ownership

King and family 17 % Bishops and abbots 26 % Tenants-in-chief 54 %

Domesday Land Use Arable 35 % Pasture / Meadow 25 % Woodland 15 % Other 25 %

Knowledge

Knowledge Management InformationInformation

relates to description, definition, or perspective (what, who, when, relates to description, definition, or perspective (what, who, when, where). where).

WhoWho is occupying is occupying whatwhat room? room? WhatWhat activity is going on activity is going on wherewhere??

KnowledgeKnowledge comprises strategy, practice, method, or approach (how). comprises strategy, practice, method, or approach (how). Based on information providedBased on information provided, how, how should Institutional space be should Institutional space be

assigned and allocatedassigned and allocated

WisdomWisdom embodies principle, insight (why, what). embodies principle, insight (why, what). WhyWhy should space be categorised and should space be categorised and what what space is required for space is required for

Institutional needs?Institutional needs?

Topology of Space Management

Space ClassificationsSpace Classifications - what do we have? - what do we have? Space CostingsSpace Costings - how much does it cost? - how much does it cost? Space UtilisationSpace Utilisation - how well is it used? - how well is it used? Space AllocationsSpace Allocations - how do we allocate? - how do we allocate? Space ProjectionsSpace Projections - what do we need? - what do we need?

Space Allocation Allocation of Resources to areas of space such as rooms, Allocation of Resources to areas of space such as rooms,

satisfying as many requirements and constraints as possiblesatisfying as many requirements and constraints as possible ResourcesResources

Staff, students, meeting rooms, lecture rooms etc..Staff, students, meeting rooms, lecture rooms etc.. RequirementsRequirements

Certain conditions to be fulfilled e.g. amount of space Certain conditions to be fulfilled e.g. amount of space needs for each resourceneeds for each resource

ConstraintsConstraints Rules that cannot be violated (Hard)Rules that cannot be violated (Hard) Rules that can be broken but penalisedRules that can be broken but penalised

Space Allocation Multicriteria decision-making processMulticriteria decision-making process Quality of solutionQuality of solution

Achieve an efficient space utilisationAchieve an efficient space utilisation Maximise the satisfaction of constraintsMaximise the satisfaction of constraints Minimise costs and Guarantee Minimise costs and Guarantee

satisfactionsatisfaction Artificial Intelligent heuristic based Artificial Intelligent heuristic based

techniquestechniques

Space Allocation - References E.K. Burke, P. Cowling, J.D. LandaE.K. Burke, P. Cowling, J.D. Landa, B. McCollum, D. Varley,, B. McCollum, D. Varley, A A

Computer Based System for Space Allocation OptimisationComputer Based System for Space Allocation Optimisation Proceedings of the ICC&IE 2000, The 27th International Conference on Proceedings of the ICC&IE 2000, The 27th International Conference on

Computers and Industrial Engineering, Beijing, China, 11-13 October 2000 Computers and Industrial Engineering, Beijing, China, 11-13 October 2000 (PDF). (PDF).

E.K. Burke, P. Cowling, J.D. LandaE.K. Burke, P. Cowling, J.D. Landa, B. McCollum,, B. McCollum, Three Methods to Three Methods to Automate the Space Allocation ProcessAutomate the Space Allocation Process in UK Universities, in Proceedings of the PATAT 2000, The Third International in UK Universities, in Proceedings of the PATAT 2000, The Third International

Conference on the Practice and Theory of Automated Timetabling, Konstanz, Conference on the Practice and Theory of Automated Timetabling, Konstanz, Germany, 16-18 August 2000, pp 374-393 (selected for special selected edition) Germany, 16-18 August 2000, pp 374-393 (selected for special selected edition)

E.Burke, D.Land-SilvaE.Burke, D.Land-Silva, B.McCollum, B.McCollum, Co-operative Meta-heuristic , Co-operative Meta-heuristic Initialisation for Space Allocation Problems,Initialisation for Space Allocation Problems, 5th Meta-heuristics International Conference MIC03, August 25 - 28 2003, 5th Meta-heuristics International Conference MIC03, August 25 - 28 2003,

Kyoto International ConferenceKyoto International Conference Hall, Kyoto, Japan Hall, Kyoto, Japan

SpaceMAP and Understanding Understand how space is being used.Understand how space is being used. Understand how space can be best used to meet needsUnderstand how space can be best used to meet needs Understand what space is required to meet strategic Understand what space is required to meet strategic

organisational goals.organisational goals. Understand the impact of change; new programs, new Understand the impact of change; new programs, new

delivery methods, changing student numbers, new delivery methods, changing student numbers, new space, reduced space.space, reduced space.

Understand the resource impact of program delivery.Understand the resource impact of program delivery. Understand the cost of new and existing space.Understand the cost of new and existing space.

The Data, Information, Knowledge, Wisdom Continuum

An Explanation involving SpaceMAPAn Explanation involving SpaceMAP

Data, Information and Knowledge

Without context, data is meaninglessWithout context, data is meaningless

Context comes about when we make Context comes about when we make associations between dataassociations between data

Information is when these contexts provide Information is when these contexts provide associations with dataassociations with data

A Knowledge System Example

Context is:Context is: a proposed new Pharmacy Coursea proposed new Pharmacy Course

Data is: Data is: 250 250 7 m7 m22

EFTSUEFTSU space requiredspace required space standardsspace standards

Information isInformation is 250 EFTSU in proposed new course250 EFTSU in proposed new course 7m7m22 is space per EFTSU, according to AAPPA is space per EFTSU, according to AAPPA

Space StandardsSpace Standards

Knowledge is Knowledge is Providing 1,750mProviding 1,750m22 of space for new course of space for new course Understanding that fewer students will result in Understanding that fewer students will result in

demand for less space, more students will mean demand for less space, more students will mean demand for more spacedemand for more space

A Knowledge System Example

The SpaceMAP approach The SpaceMAP approach SpaceMAP has data on the teaching and learning SpaceMAP has data on the teaching and learning

activities that go to make up the Pharmacy Courseactivities that go to make up the Pharmacy Course SpaceMAP has:SpaceMAP has:

data on the space per student per teaching and data on the space per student per teaching and learning activity learning activity

on the basis of average weekly contact hours.on the basis of average weekly contact hours.Corresponding staffing requirementCorresponding staffing requirement

Our understanding is that we need to provide space of Our understanding is that we need to provide space of the appropriate type according to the needs of the the appropriate type according to the needs of the Pharmacy course.Pharmacy course.

A Knowledge System Example

Our knowledge is an amount of space, per space type, for the Our knowledge is an amount of space, per space type, for the new coursenew course

SpaceMAP allows us to SpaceMAP allows us to use our understanding of existing resources to determine use our understanding of existing resources to determine

whether there is sufficient space, both type and quantity, whether there is sufficient space, both type and quantity, available already or whether we need to construct more available already or whether we need to construct more space.space.

Wisdom is achieved when we can cost out the new course Wisdom is achieved when we can cost out the new course proposal in terms of additional space, staffing courses and proposal in terms of additional space, staffing courses and compare that to the likely income streams from the new compare that to the likely income streams from the new course – we can take an informed decision as to whether the course – we can take an informed decision as to whether the course should proceedcourse should proceed

A Knowledge System Example

Sometimes wisdom is thrust upon us and we have to Sometimes wisdom is thrust upon us and we have to accommodate the new course anyway – wisdom then accommodate the new course anyway – wisdom then comes from understanding the most efficient, cost comes from understanding the most efficient, cost effective way of ensuring the course has access to effective way of ensuring the course has access to appropriate resources. appropriate resources.

In all of this, SpaceMAP enables our understanding to In all of this, SpaceMAP enables our understanding to grow, based on interpreting data and information, grow, based on interpreting data and information, arriving at knowledge and then using our context and arriving at knowledge and then using our context and experience to arrive at wisdom experience to arrive at wisdom

A Knowledge System Example

Happy St Patrick’s Day

Dr Barry McCollumDr Barry McCollumB.McCollum@qub.ac.ukB.McCollum@qub.ac.uk