Know All About Mosquitoes
Transcript of Know All About Mosquitoes
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Mosquito Must quit
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Facts about mosquitoes Evolved 3.5 million years ago
Capable of adopting to any situation
Short life cycle
3000 species
Very few Vectors
Definite role in ecology
KDR gene
The buzzing noise which the mosquitoesproduce is due to the beating of their
wings, and not to singing
Male never bites, female bites
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1. Know all about Mosquitoes & the
diseases it can bring
Anopheles
Culicines
Aedes
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Mosquitoes have four stages in their life cyclesuch as egg, larva, pupa and adult.
Egg
Depending on the species, a femalemosquito lays between 30 and 300 eggs at a
time directly on the surface on the watereither singly or in rafts. It hatch out with in 2- 3 days.
Larva
The larva grow in four different stages.
They feed on yeasts, bacteria and smallaquatic organisms. This period lasts for 47 days
Pupa
The fully grown larva then changes in to acomma-shaped pupa which does not feedand spend most of its time at the watersurface. This period lasts 1 3 days
The entire period from egg to adult takesabout 7 13 days under good conditions.
Larval stage
Life Cycle
In the next slide, we discuss about important types of mosquitoes.
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Anophelene
Breeds in clear
water
Lays 25-40 eggs
each time
Transmits
Malaria
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Culex
Breeds in polluted
water
Lays 250-300 eggs
each time
Causes menace Transmits Filariasis
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Aedes
Breeds in clearwater
Lays 25-40 eggs eachtime
Bites during daytime
Transmits dengueand Chikungunya
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10.The diseases the mosquitoes can bring
They are malaria, filaria, dengue, brain fever and yellow fever. Yellow feveris caused by mosquitoes in jungle areas in parts of Africa and SouthAmerica.
In India, malaria, filaria and dengue are the most prevalent diseases
spread by mosquitoes. Over two million cases of malaria alone arereported. Even more astonishing is the fact that India spends 100 milliondollars on malaria. In spite of spending so much, the diseases continue toexplode from time to time. The reason is that these mosquitoes developresistance to medicines and chemicals. Hence fighting mosquitoes and thediseases spread by them is a continuous process
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ENCEPHALITIS
(Brain Fever )
Eastern Equine Encephalitis (EEE) is maintained in nature through a
cycle between the Culiseta melanura mosquito and birds that live
in freshwater swamps. Although Culiseta melanura do not bite
humans, some mosquitoes will "cross bite"; i.e., bite an infectedbird and then bite a human or animal (horse, emu, and other
exotic birds), thereby spreading the disease. These mosquitoes are
also known as "bridge vectors". A vector is a species that transmits
a disease from one host to another. These bridge vectors may take
a meal from a bird and later take another meal from a mammal.
Symptoms usually occur within two to ten days after being bitten
by an infected mosquito. These symptoms include high fever, stiff
neck, headache, confusion, and lethargy. Encephalitis, swelling of
the brain, is the most dangerous symptom. Rhode Island has
confirmed five cases of EEE with two deaths in the last thirteen
years. The last death was reported in 1993.
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DENGUE FEVER
Dengue fever is primarily a disease of the tropics that is transmitted by the Aedes
aegypti mosquito. Aedes aegypti is a day-biting mosquito that prefers to feed on
humans. It is also transmitted by the Aedes albopictus (also called the "tiger mosquito").
Those infected with dengue can suffer from a spectrum of illnesses ranging from a viral
flu to severe and fatal hemorrhagic fever (DHF).
The dengue virus is passed back and forth between mosquitoes and humans and causesan extraordinarily painful ailment that exists in four known strains or serotypes. Dengue
is especially dangerous to children, who generally have one infection, but if bitten again
can get a more serious infection that can lead to dengue hemorrhagic fever (DHF). DHF
causes severe internal bleeding, shock, and circulatory collapse, and is usually fatal to
children. Until recently, dengue was relatively unknown in the Western Hemisphere. In
the 1970's, a dengue epidemic swept through Cuba and other parts of the Caribbean. In1981 a second strain broke out in Cuba, accompanied by hemorrhagic fever. The second
epidemic resulted in more than 300,000 hemorrhagic fever cases, and more than 1,000
deaths. Most were children. In the summer of 1998 an epidemic broke out on the island
of Barbados. Dengue is increasingly becoming a plague of global proportions and may
soon eclipse malaria as the most significant mosquito-borne viral disease affecting
humans.
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Yellow Fever
Yellow fever is a disease caused by the bite of the Aedes aegypti
mosquito. It does not occur in the U.S. but is common in parts of
Africa and South America. The symptoms of yellow fever includefever, chills, headache, backache, nausea, and vomiting;
jaundice can also occur. More serious cases may affect the
blood, liver, and kidneys. The disease can be fatal.
The disease is spread when an infected mosquito bites a personwith yellow fever and then transmits it by biting another person.
There is no specific treatment for yellow fever, other than to
relieve the symptoms. Once a person has had yellow fever, they
are immune to further infection. The best way to prevent the
disease is through vaccination and mosquito control.
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Chikungunya
Chikungunya virus is indigenous to tropical Africa
and Asia, where it is transmitted to humans by the bite of
infected mosquitoes, usually of the genus Aedes.Chikungunya virus belongs to alphavirus genus of the
Togaviriadae family. It is an "Arbovirus" (Ar-arthropod,
bo-borne). CHIK fever epidemics are sustained by
human-mosquito-human transmission. The word"chikungunya" is thought to derive from description in
local dialect of the contorted posture of patients afflicted
with the severe joint pain associated with this disease.
The main virus reservoirs are monkeys, but other species
can also be affected, including humans.
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What you EMM should do for each
category of water stagnation ?
Methods to Prevent of mosquito
entering home
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9. Time to SMILE
a. Mosquito Cartoonsb. Mosquito Jokes
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Mosquito Cartoons
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Mosquito Cartoons
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Mosquito Jokes
Mr A & his son Mr B were never sports persons . Mr X who went to
their home saw their playing with a bat without a ball. Mr X came
to know that they were batting mosquitoes
In a meeting there was bowl . The invitees thought that it was
sandal . They realised it was sandal scented mosquito cream ,
ODOMAS
In a Tamil film mosquito is described as the National Bird as it is one
bird that is there everywhere , unlike peacock.
In a residential colony , the residents were disgusted as they cannot
put an end to the mosquito menace. What we can do for
mosquitoes was the question raised by a participant . Came an
answer from a disgusted audience We will construct a temple for
mosquitoes
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Clap for & Clap MosquitoA speaker will not stop . He
was enthused seeing the
continuous clap that he was
getting from the audience. It
was a bit late, when he cameto know that it was the
mosquitoes that got the claps .
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Teacher asked the students Are we afraid of a
LION or a mosquito ? Pat came the reply from a
student it is certainly Mosquito . Because wecage a lion. In case of mosquitoes , we cage
ourselves inside a MOSQUITO NET
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Mosquito Jokes
What do you get if you cross the Lone Ranger with an insect?
The Masked-quito !
What has antlers and sucks blood ?
A moose-quito !
Why did the mosquito go to the dentist ?
To improve his bite !
What is a mosquito's favourite sport ?
Skin-diving !
How do you know if you have a tough mosquito ?
You slap him and he slaps you back !
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References:
1. Jan A. Rozendaal, Vector Control,W.H.O, 1999
2. Park.K, Preventive and Social Medicine,2009
3. Prabakar.K, Mosquito Control, 20084. Mike Service, Medical Entomology, 20045. Suryakantha.A.H, Community Medicine,
20096. www.worldhealthorganization.com