Knitting Machine

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Presentation On Presentation On Knitting Machine Knitting Machine

description

types of knitting machine and their parts

Transcript of Knitting Machine

Page 1: Knitting Machine

Presentation On Presentation On Knitting MachineKnitting Machine

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DefinitionDefinition

The knitting machine incorporate and coordinates the action of a The knitting machine incorporate and coordinates the action of a number of a mechanisms and devices each performing specific number of a mechanisms and devices each performing specific functions which contribute towards the efficiency of the knitting functions which contribute towards the efficiency of the knitting action.action.

The main features of knitting machine:The main features of knitting machine:

The frame according to the needle bed shape.The frame according to the needle bed shape.

The machine control, and drive system coordinates the power for The machine control, and drive system coordinates the power for the drive of the devices and mechanisms.the drive of the devices and mechanisms.

The fabric take away mechanism includes fabric tensioning, The fabric take away mechanism includes fabric tensioning, wind-up and accommodation devices.wind-up and accommodation devices.

The quality control system includes stop motions, fault detectors, The quality control system includes stop motions, fault detectors, automatic oilers and lint removal systems.automatic oilers and lint removal systems.

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Parts Of Knitting MachineParts Of Knitting Machine

Machine FrameMachine Frame :- it is the frame which holds various :- it is the frame which holds various parts. It provides support for majority of machines.parts. It provides support for majority of machines.

Knitting elementsKnitting elements

NeedlesNeedles

GaugeGauge

SinkerSinker

CamCam

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NEEDLES NEEDLES

There are three types of needles in common use today There are three types of needles in common use today

in knitting industries:-in knitting industries:-

BEARDED NEEDLEBEARDED NEEDLE

LATCH NEEDLELATCH NEEDLE

COMPOUND NEEDLECOMPOUND NEEDLE

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BEARDED NEEDLEBEARDED NEEDLEBearded needle is the cheapest and simplest type to manufacture.Bearded needle is the cheapest and simplest type to manufacture.

It is made from a single piece of metal. It is made from a single piece of metal.

There are five main parts:-There are five main parts:-

The The stemstem around which the needle loop is formed. around which the needle loop is formed.

The The headhead where the stem is turned into a hook to draw the new where the stem is turned into a hook to draw the new loop through the old loop.loop through the old loop.

The The beardbeard which is the curved downwards continuation of the hook which is the curved downwards continuation of the hook that is used to separate the trapped new loop inside from the old that is used to separate the trapped new loop inside from the old loop as it slides off the needle beard.loop as it slides off the needle beard.

The The eyeeye or groove cut in the stem to receive the pointed tip the or groove cut in the stem to receive the pointed tip the beard when it is passed, thus enclosing the new loop.beard when it is passed, thus enclosing the new loop.

The The shank shank which may be bent for individual location in the which may be bent for individual location in the machine or cast with others in a metal lead.machine or cast with others in a metal lead.

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Knitting Cycle of Beard Knitting Cycle of Beard NeedleNeedle

Running PositionRunning Position

Feeding PositionFeeding Position

Clearing PositionClearing Position

Needle ClosingNeedle Closing

Knocking PositionKnocking Position

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LATCH NEEDLELATCH NEEDLEThe latch needle was developed in the mid The latch needle was developed in the mid 1919thth century (1849) and compared with the century (1849) and compared with the bearded needle.bearded needle.

The needle consists of six main parts:The needle consists of six main parts:StemStem – Used to hold the course of old loops  – Used to hold the course of old loops Hook Hook – The hook is used to catch a thread – The hook is used to catch a thread and form loops.and form loops.RivetRivet – Holds the latch in place and allows it – Holds the latch in place and allows it to pivot.to pivot.Latch Latch – The latch combines the task – The latch combines the task performed by the presser bar and the beard performed by the presser bar and the beard of the bearded needle.of the bearded needle.ButtButt – The butt enables the movement of the – The butt enables the movement of the needle to be controlled by a cam needle to be controlled by a cam mechanism.  A track raises and lowers the mechanism.  A track raises and lowers the needle.needle.TailTail – Used to provide support to the needle – Used to provide support to the needle

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Knitting Cycle of Latch Knitting Cycle of Latch NeedleNeedle

Running positionRunning position

Latch openingLatch opening

Clearing heightClearing height

Yarn feeding and latch closingYarn feeding and latch closing

Knocking overKnocking over

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COMPOUND NEEDLECOMPOUND NEEDLE

Compound needle consists of two separately control Compound needle consists of two separately control parts i.e, the hook and closing element. parts i.e, the hook and closing element.

This needle is more complicated than other needles. This needle is more complicated than other needles.

The two parts rise and full as a single unit but at the top The two parts rise and full as a single unit but at the top of the rise the hook moves faster to open and at the start of the rise the hook moves faster to open and at the start of the fall hook decants.of the fall hook decants.

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Machine gaugeMachine gauge Gauge is the term used to describe the needle spacing, which Gauge is the term used to describe the needle spacing, which can be defined as the number of needles per unit length.can be defined as the number of needles per unit length.

If two sets of needles are used (double jersey machines) the If two sets of needles are used (double jersey machines) the second set is not taken into consideration in determining the second set is not taken into consideration in determining the gauge of the machine. gauge of the machine.

There are three chief systems for representing the machine There are three chief systems for representing the machine gauge: Needles/inch, Needles/1.5 inch and Needles/2 inch. gauge: Needles/inch, Needles/1.5 inch and Needles/2 inch.

The gauge is the major factor in determining the fabric density The gauge is the major factor in determining the fabric density and appearance. Finer gauge machine, knits wider fabrics as and appearance. Finer gauge machine, knits wider fabrics as more wales are available. There is a direct relationship between more wales are available. There is a direct relationship between the gauge and yarn count to be used on that machine.the gauge and yarn count to be used on that machine.

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SINKERSINKER

The sinker is the second primary The sinker is the second primary knitting element. It is a thin metal knitting element. It is a thin metal plate placed between the two plate placed between the two adjoining needles and has a adjoining needles and has a collective edge.collective edge.

The sinker is placed at 90 to the The sinker is placed at 90 to the needle.needle.

The main function of sinker is The main function of sinker is loop formation. It may perform loop formation. It may perform

one or more function.one or more function.

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CAMCAMThe upward movement of the The upward movement of the needle is obtained by the rising needle is obtained by the rising cams.cams.

Cams controlling the downward Cams controlling the downward movement of the needles are movement of the needles are called stitch cams.called stitch cams.

Guard cams keep the needle Guard cams keep the needle butts in their race way.butts in their race way.

Running cam up throw cam keep Running cam up throw cam keep the needle butts at a low level the needle butts at a low level until they meet the next rising until they meet the next rising cam.cam.

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Two Types of Knitting MachineTwo Types of Knitting Machine

Weft Knitting MachineWeft Knitting Machine

Warp Knitting MachineWarp Knitting Machine

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Weft knitting machineWeft knitting machine

Fully Fashioned MachineFully Fashioned Machine

Flat Knitting MachineFlat Knitting Machine

Circular Knitting MachineCircular Knitting Machine

1. Single Jersey1. Single Jersey

2. Double Jersey2. Double Jersey

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Fully Fashioned Fully Fashioned Machines Machines

Bearded needles are used which are set into a straight-Bearded needles are used which are set into a straight-bar in a long row and the entire bar is reciprocated by bar in a long row and the entire bar is reciprocated by rotary cams which causes the knitting action. rotary cams which causes the knitting action.

Fully Fashioned machines only have one set of needles Fully Fashioned machines only have one set of needles and therefore can only produce plain knit fabric, making it and therefore can only produce plain knit fabric, making it necessary to produce the welts/cuffs on special ribbing necessary to produce the welts/cuffs on special ribbing knitting machines. knitting machines.

The ribs are held on “running-on” bars and are either The ribs are held on “running-on” bars and are either transferred on to the Fully Fashioned machine by hand or transferred on to the Fully Fashioned machine by hand or automatically depending on the age of the machine. automatically depending on the age of the machine.

The patterning capability of Fully Fashioned machines is The patterning capability of Fully Fashioned machines is limited to plain knit fully fashioned panels. Machines with limited to plain knit fully fashioned panels. Machines with stitch transfer and intarsia capabilities can create the well stitch transfer and intarsia capabilities can create the well known “argyle” styles. known “argyle” styles.

The gentle knitting action of these machines allows the The gentle knitting action of these machines allows the use of delicate fine count woollen spun yarns and also use of delicate fine count woollen spun yarns and also enables the machines to run faster where possible giving enables the machines to run faster where possible giving good knitting efficiency. good knitting efficiency.

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Special FeaturesSpecial Features

Machine gauge : normally 21-30 needles per 1.5 Machine gauge : normally 21-30 needles per 1.5 inchinch

Machine width : from 2 to 16 section machines, Machine width : from 2 to 16 section machines, each section up to 36 inch wideeach section up to 36 inch wideNeedle type : bearded and latchNeedle type : bearded and latch Needle bed type : single and ribNeedle bed type : single and rib End – products : jumpers, pullovers, cardigans, End – products : jumpers, pullovers, cardigans, dresses, suits, trouser suits, fully fashioned dresses, suits, trouser suits, fully fashioned hose, under wear, sports shirts, thermal wear.hose, under wear, sports shirts, thermal wear.

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Flat Knitting MachinesFlat Knitting Machines

Sometimes referred to as “Flatbeds” or “V-beds” Sometimes referred to as “Flatbeds” or “V-beds” due to the nature and arrangements of the knitting due to the nature and arrangements of the knitting beds where two opposing needle beds are beds where two opposing needle beds are positioned so that the upper ends form an inverted positioned so that the upper ends form an inverted “V”. “V”.

Needles slide up and down the beds in slots known Needles slide up and down the beds in slots known as “tricks” and in this case the gauge refers to the as “tricks” and in this case the gauge refers to the number of needles per 1 inch. number of needles per 1 inch.

The carriage or “cam box” traverses across the The carriage or “cam box” traverses across the needle beds and selects needles to be knitted as it needle beds and selects needles to be knitted as it reciprocates side to side. reciprocates side to side.

stitches can be passed from one bed to the other stitches can be passed from one bed to the other and the beds can be moved linearly in relation to and the beds can be moved linearly in relation to each other. This not only allows panels to be each other. This not only allows panels to be shaped, but it also opens up extensive patterning shaped, but it also opens up extensive patterning possibilities using stitch transfer,. possibilities using stitch transfer,.

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Special FeaturesSpecial Features

Machine gauge : normally 5-15 needles Machine gauge : normally 5-15 needles per 1.5 inch per 1.5 inch

Machine width : up to 78.7 inchesMachine width : up to 78.7 inches

Needle type : LatchNeedle type : Latch

Needle bed type : single, rib and interlock Needle bed type : single, rib and interlock

End- products : jumpers, pullovers, End- products : jumpers, pullovers, cardigans, dressed, suits, hats, cardigans, dressed, suits, hats,

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Circular Knitting MachinesCircular Knitting Machines

There are many types of circular There are many types of circular knitting machines which produce knitting machines which produce long lengths of tubular fabric and long lengths of tubular fabric and quite often they are manufactured quite often they are manufactured with very specific end uses in with very specific end uses in mind. mind.

Two types of machineTwo types of machine

Single Jersey MachineSingle Jersey Machine

Double Jersey Machines Double Jersey Machines

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Single Jersey MachinesSingle Jersey Machines

Single Jersey machines are equipped with a Single Jersey machines are equipped with a single “cylinder”, about 30 inch diameter, of single “cylinder”, about 30 inch diameter, of needles that produce plain fabrics (single needles that produce plain fabrics (single thickness). . thickness). .

single jersey based machines include: single jersey based machines include:

Terry loop machines; the basis for fleece Terry loop machines; the basis for fleece fabrics which are produced by knitting two fabrics which are produced by knitting two yarns into the same stitch, one ground yarn yarns into the same stitch, one ground yarn and one loop yarn. These protruding loops are and one loop yarn. These protruding loops are then brushed or raised during finishing creating then brushed or raised during finishing creating a fleece fabric. a fleece fabric.

Sliver knitting machines are single jersey Sliver knitting machines are single jersey machines that have been adapted to trap a machines that have been adapted to trap a sliver of staple wool fibre in to the knit structure. sliver of staple wool fibre in to the knit structure.

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Double Jersey MachinesDouble Jersey Machines

Double jersey machines are single jersey Double jersey machines are single jersey machines with a “dial” which houses an extra set machines with a “dial” which houses an extra set of needles positioned horizontally adjacent to the of needles positioned horizontally adjacent to the vertical cylinder needles. vertical cylinder needles.

This extra set of needles allows the production of This extra set of needles allows the production of fabrics that are twice as thick as single jersey fabrics that are twice as thick as single jersey fabrics. fabrics.

Typical examples include interlock based Typical examples include interlock based structures for underwear/base layer garments structures for underwear/base layer garments and 1 x 1 rib fabrics for leggings and outerwear and 1 x 1 rib fabrics for leggings and outerwear products. products.

Double Jersey MachinesDouble Jersey Machines

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Warp Knitting MachineWarp Knitting Machine

Warp knitting machines were invented in 1775, some 200 years after the Warp knitting machines were invented in 1775, some 200 years after the first knitting machines.first knitting machines.

There was extraordinary growth in the warp knitting industry between 1950 There was extraordinary growth in the warp knitting industry between 1950 and 1970 due to development in yarns and 1970 due to development in yarns

After 1970, warp knitting declined with the reduction in sales of nylon shirts After 1970, warp knitting declined with the reduction in sales of nylon shirts and sheets which were the major products of warp knitting at that time. and sheets which were the major products of warp knitting at that time.

Types of machine are-Types of machine are-

Tricot machineTricot machine

Raschel machineRaschel machine

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Tricot MachineTricot Machine

In tricot machines the needles mainly used are In tricot machines the needles mainly used are beared needle with a pressure bar tricot machine. beared needle with a pressure bar tricot machine.

It has one or more than one warp beams mounted It has one or more than one warp beams mounted above the machine. above the machine.

the machine and is controlled by yarn guides, set in a the machine and is controlled by yarn guides, set in a guide bar. One guide bar is used for one set of warp guide bar. One guide bar is used for one set of warp yarns. yarns.

The greater number of bars, the greater the design The greater number of bars, the greater the design flexibility.flexibility.

Movements of guide bar is controlled by chains with Movements of guide bar is controlled by chains with links.links.

As the guide bar is raised and moves side ways it As the guide bar is raised and moves side ways it plays the warp yarn in their respected needle hooks plays the warp yarn in their respected needle hooks to form a coarse of loops. Simultaneously when the to form a coarse of loops. Simultaneously when the loops of proceding.loops of proceding.

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Raschel MachineRaschel Machine

Reschel machines are different from tricot Reschel machines are different from tricot machines as rashel fabrics are made with machines as rashel fabrics are made with heavy yarnsheavy yarns

they usually have an implicate lace like they usually have an implicate lace like pattern where as tricot fabrics are made with pattern where as tricot fabrics are made with five yarns and flat or have simple geometric five yarns and flat or have simple geometric fabrics.fabrics.

The gauge of reschel machine is measured The gauge of reschel machine is measured in term of the number of needles per two in term of the number of needles per two inches. inches.

Reschel fabrics are knitted on machine Reschel fabrics are knitted on machine having 2-40 guide bars, having 2-40 guide bars,