Articulatio genu

Worked: ENDRIT LUTA

GRESA GRAJQEVCIADRIANA QARKAXHIJAEDITA AHMETAJ

DECEMBER, 2014

“USHM REZONANCA” – Prishtinë (Kosovo)

Overview

• ANATOMY OF KNEE• PHYSICAL EXAMINATION• NEUROLOGICAL TESTS• SPECIFIC TESTS• DISORDERS

ANATOMY

•FEMUR •TIBIA •FIBULA •PATELLA

PATELLA

•Patella -a small flat triangular bone in front of the knee that protects the knee joint

•Sesamoid bone

MUSCLES

•ANTERIOR MUSCLES:

•M. Tensor Fascia Latae•M.Sartorius•M. Rectus Femoris•M. Vastus Medialis•M. Vastus Intermedialis•M. Vastus Lateralis•M.Gracilis

QUADRICEPSFEMORIS

MUSCLES

POSTERIOR MUSCLES :

•M. Semimembranosus•M. Semitendinosus•M. Biceps Femoris•M. Plantaris•M. Gastrocnemius•M. Soleus

Hamstring’sMuscle

LIGAMENTS

•Lig. Cruciatum Anterior•Lig. Cruciatum Posterior•Lig. Colateral Tibiale•Lig. Colateral Fibulare•Lig. Transversum Genu•Lig. Popliteum Arcuatum•Lig. Patellae •Lig. Popliteum Obliquum•Lig. Menisco Femorale Posterius

JOINT CAPSULE

BURSEA OF THE KNEE

•B. Suprapatellaris•B. Subcutanea Prepatellaris•B. Subcutanea Infrapatellaris•B. Infrapatellaris Profunda•B. Subtendinea•B. Subtendinea Musculi Gastronemius Lateralis

MedialisLateralis

MENISCUS

-THE MENISCI IMPROVE THE CONGRUENCY OF THE ARTICULATING SURFACES.THEY ARE CONNECTED TO THE TIBIAL CONDYLES AND CAPCULE BY THE CORONARY LIGAMENTS , TO EACH OTHER BY THE TRANSVERSE LIGAMENT, AND TO THE PATELLA VIA THE PATELLOMENISCAL LIGAMENTS. THE MEDIAL MENISCUS IS FIRMLY ATTACHED TO THE JOINT CAPSULE AS WELL AS TO THE MEDIAL COLLATERAL LIGAMENT, ANTERIOR AND POSTERIOR CRUCIATE LIGAMENTS, AND SEMIMEMBRANOSUS MUSCLE.THE LATERAL MENISCUS ATTACHES TO THE POSTERIOR CRUCIATE LIGAMENT AND THE TENDON OF THE POPLITEUS MUSCLE THROUGH CAPSULAR CONECTIONS.

KNEE NERVES

• N.Femoral (L2-L4) –anterior muscles :M.Rectus Femoris , Vastus Lateralis , Intermedius , Medialis…

•N. Ischiadicus(L5-S1,S2) – hamstring’s muscles ( Biceps Femoris , SemitendinosusSemimembranos…

ARTERIES AND VEINS

ARTERIES AND VEINS• A.V. Femoral• A.V. Poplitea• A. Geniculare Superior Laterale• A. Geniculare Inferior Laterale• A. Geniculare Medialis

• V. Magna • V. Tibialis Posterior• V. Tibialis Anterior• V. Fibullaris• V. Parva

LYMPH SYSTEM

POLPLITEAL LYMPH NODES

ROM

• FLEXION 135-140 degrees • EXTENSION 0-5 degrees• SLIDE AND MEDIAL ROTATION

NEUROLOGICAL TESTS

DERMATOME

MYOTOMES

•Testing The Quadriceps muscle miotomit mostly L3 who are responsible for performing this movement or nerve root.

REFLEX

•Patella refleks•Achill refleks

SPECIFIC TESTS

• Varus Stress Test• Vallgus Stress Test• Posterior Colateral Ligament Test• Anterior Colateral Ligament Test• Laschman’s Test (A.C.L) • Mc Murrays Test • Patellar• Plica Test• Recurvatum Test • Dial Test

DISORDERS

• Luxatio Congenita patellae

• Patella Bipartita

• Patella Tripartita

• Patella Alta

• Aplasio Patellae

• Chondromallatio

• Contracture of m.quadriceps femoris

• Morbus Blount

• Luxatio congenita genu

• Genu Valgum

• Genu Varum

• Genu Recurvatum

ACL• ANTERIOR CRUCIATE LIGAMENT INJURIES

ACCUR WHEN BONES OF THE LEG TWIST IN OPPOSITE DIRECTIONS UNDER FULL BODY WEIGHT.

• Lig.cruciatum anterius

• Lig.meniscus medialis

• Lig.collaterale tibia

ACL

REFERENCES

-Carolyn Kisner & Lynn Allen Colby – Therapeutic Exercise 6th edition(fq:765-839) DavisPlus2012

-Carol A. Oatis – Kinesiology The Mechanic & Pathomecanics Of Human Movement secondedition(fq: 738-761) ThePoint 2009

-Frank H. Netter - Atlas Of Human Body 2003 – IconLearningSistem’s 2003

-Medscape.com

-physicaltherapynation.com/home/specific/test