kNdhd;kzpak; Re;judhh; gy;fiyf;fofk;

jpUney;Ntyp – 627 012

Manonmaniam Sundaranar University

Thirunelveli – 627 012.

fy;tprhh; epiyf;FOf; $l;lk;

MEETING OF THE STANDING COMMITTEE ON ACADEMIC AFFAIRS HELD 09.02.2017

Syllabus for Diploma in Biochemical and Microbial Techniques Course

offered through Directorate of Vocational Education

Community Colleges from 2016 – 2017

DIPLOMA IN BIOCHEMICAL AND MICROBIAL TECHNOLOGY

SCHEME OF EXAMINATIONS

Subject Code Title of the Paper Credit Hours Passing Minimum

Semester I

C17BM11 General Microbiology 6 90 40/100 C17BM12 Fundamentals of Biochemistry 6 90 40/100 C17BM13

Hematology 6 90 40/100

C17CE10 Communicative English 6 90 40/100 C17BMP1 Lab in Analytical Biochemistry I 6 90 40/100

Semester II

C17BM21 Clinical Microbiology 6 90 40/100 C17BM22 Clinical Biochemistry 6 90 40/100 C17BM23 Immunohematology &

Blood Banking 6 90 40/100

C17LS05 Life Skill 6 90 40/100

C17BMP2 Lab in Analytical Biochemistry II 6 90 40/100

Semester III 6 90 40/100

C17BM30 Anatomy and Physiology 6 90 40/100

C17BM31 Histopathology 6 90 40/100

C17BM32 Clinical Pathology 6 90 40/100

C17BMP3 Industrial Visit and Internship 6 90 40/100

C17BMP4 Lab in Microbial Techniques 6 90 40/100

Semester IV

C17BM40 Standard Operating Procedures and Safety Practices

6 90 40/100

C17BM41 Immuno Histochemistry 6 90 40/100

C17BMP5 Lab in Pathology and Serology 6 90 40/100

C17BMPW Project Dissertation 12 180 40/100

Eligibility for admission: Pass in 10thstd examination conducted by the Govt. of Tamil Nadu Board of Secondary Education, Government of Tamil Nadu or any other equivalent examination. Examination: Passing Minimum for each paper is 40%. Classification will be done on the basis of percentage marks of the total marks obtained in all the papers and as given below: 40 % but less than 50 % - Third class 50 % but less than 60 % - Second class 60 % and above - First class

Syllabus

First Semester Paper-I - General Microbiology Paper-II - Fundamentals of Biochemistry Paper –III - Hematology Paper – IV - Communicative English Paper – V - Lab in Analytical Biochemistry I Second Semester Paper-VI - Clinical Microbiology Paper-VII - Clinical Biochemistry Paper-VIII - Immunohematology & Blood Banking Paper IX - Life Skill Paper-X - Lab in Analytical Biochemistry II Third Semester:- Paper XI - Anatomy and Physiology Paper XII - Histopathology Paper XIII - Clinical Pathology Paper XIV - Industrial Visit and Internship Paper XV - Lab in Microbial Techniques Fourth Semester:- Paper XVI - Standard Operating Procedures and Safety Practices Paper XVII - Immuno Histochemistry Paper XVIII - Lab in Pathology and Serology Paper XIX - Project Dissertation

GENERAL MICROBIOLOGY

UNIT I Introduction to Microbiology: Microbiology - Definition and History. Safety Measures

in Microbiology Laboratory. Care and Maintenance of Laboratory Equipments.

UNIT II laboratory instruments: Incubator - use and operating procedure, Hot air oven - Use

and Operating Procedure, Autoclave - Use and Operating Procedure, Laminar hood.

UNIT III Media preparation & Sterilization: culture media types, application and preparation

and sterilization: Detailed study about physical and chemical method of sterilization.

UNIT IV BIO-CHEMICAL TESTS: Indole production test, Methylred, Vogesproskaer,

Citrate Utilization test, Sugar Fermentation test. Test Procedure with Interpretation:Gram’s

Staining, Acid Fast Staining, Hanging drop preparation.

UNIT V SEROLOGY General:Infection, Immunity, Antigen, Antibody, Vaccines, WIDAL

Test, Anti Strptolysion titre, Rapid Plasma Reagin test, Rheumatoid Arthritis factor, C-Reactive

Protein, Hepatitis ‘B’ surface Antigen test, HIV Test. VDRL Test, ASLO Test, CRP Test,

ELISA.

Reference books:

1. Tools and techniques in microbiology by Nath and Upadhyay

2. Powar C. B. and H. F. Daginawala (2003).General Microbiology Vol.II; Himalaya

Publishing House.

3. Dubey R. C. and D. K. Maheshwari (2004). A Text book of microbiology, 1st Edition;

S.Chand and Company Ltd

FUNDAMENTALS OF BIOCHEMISTRY

UNIT I Biological Specimens: Labeling & storage of Biological specimens, Separation of

Serum and Plasma, Preservation and Disposal of Biological Samples/materials.

UNIT II Nucleic Acids: Definitions of Nucleic Acids. Types of Nucleic Acids. Functions of

Nucleic Acids.

UNIT III Chemistry of Carbohydrates: Classification of Carbohydrates, Properties of

Carbohydrates. Metabolism of Carbohydrates. Glycosuria of Blood Glucose Regulation. Glucose

of Tolerance Test of Blood Glucose Regulation. Protein Metabolism of Blood Glucose

Regulation

UNIT IV Amino acids, Proteins & Enzymes: Definition of Proteins and Amino Acids, Types

of Amino Acids, Test of creatinine and Urea, Properties and classification of Enzymes.

Coenzymes and their characteristics. Factors influencing the rate of Enzymatic Reactions. Effect

of Enzyme Concentration. Use of Enzymes as Reagents. storage of proteins and aminoacids.

UNIT V Chemistry of Lipids: Definition of Lipids, Classification of Lipids, Function of Lipids.

Lipid profiling

Reference books:

1. Voet & Voet: Text book of Biochemistry Wiley 3rd

edition

2. Lehninger, Principles of Biochemistry: Nelson and Cox 4th

edition.

3. Harper Illustrated

4. AOAC International. (2005) Official methods of analysis of AOAC International. 17th

Ed., current through 1st revision. Gaithersburg, MD, USA, Association of Analytical

Communities.

HEMATOLOGY

UNIT I - COLLECTION OF BLOOD SAMPLES: Specimen collection; methods- vein

puncture, cleansing the venipuncture site, sample collection- collect, receive and conduct

preanalytical processing of clinical laboratory specimens.

UNIT II - MAINTENANCE OF EQUIPMENTS IN HEMATOLOGY LABORATORY:

Introduction to haemocytometer, automated cell counter, urine analyzer, & coagulometer

UNIT III - COAGULATION STUDIES: Hemostasis –definition, basic concept & principle,

basic steps involve in hemostasis; Coagulation –basic physiology, coagulation factor, mechanism

of blood coagulation; regulators of blood coagulation.

UNIT V - COMPONENTS OF BLOOD: Definition, Functions, Composition, Haemoloysis -

agents responsible, precautions to prevent. Anticoagulants:Definition, types, use and amount

used for each test in haematology. Erythrocyte leucocyte and thrombocyte: Development of

RBC Blood Haemoglobin,

UNIT V -BLOOD COMPONENT TESTS: Methods and procedure for Haemoglobin test,

ESR, PCV, Buffy coat, Total RBC Count, RBC indices, Reticulocyte count, Normal values,

Increased and decreased conditions. Leucocyte: Development of WBC, Functions, total WBC

count, Differential WBC count, Morphology of types of WBC, Total Eosinophil count, Normal

values, Increased and decreased conditions. Thrombocyte: Development of Platelet, Functions of

platelet, Total Platelet count, Normal values, Increased and decreased conditions.

Reference books:

1. Victor Hoffbrand. A., Paul A. H. Moss. 2015. Hoffbrand's Essential Haematology

a. Bernadette F. Rodak, and Jacqueline H. Carr, 2015 Clinical Hematology Atlas;

Elsevier Health Sciences ISBN: 9781455708307

2. Gary Moore, Gavin Knight, Andrew Blann. 2016. Haematology Oxford University Press.

Communicative English

Unit I: Learning context

Concept of learning – Learning style –Grammatical framework – sentence framing – paragraph

and texts

Unit II: Reading

Basic concept – Purposes of reading-Decoding-Reading materials – Barriers of reading

Unit III: Writing

Basic concept-Writing style-Terminology-stages-English spelling and punctuation – Written

texts

Unit IV: Speaking

Language functions-Conversation- Features of spoken English – Types of English course:

functional English, English literature, advance English – Phonetic

Unit V: Developing Communication Skills

Meaning –Classroom presence- Features of developing learning process- Practical skills and

Listening- uses of communicative English

Reference Books:

1. Raman,m.&S.Sharma (2011) communication skills,OUP,New Delhi: India

2. Lata,P.&S.Kumar(2011) communication skills,OUP,New Delhi: India,

3.Leech,G&J.Svartvik(2002) A communicative grammar of English,Pearson,India,

4. Sethi,J. and P.V. Dharmija (2007) A course in Phonetics and spoken English.Second

edition, Prentice hall: New Delhi

Practical-1: LAB IN ANALYTICAL BIOCHEMISTRY I

Motion - Ova, Cyst, Tropozoite by wet smear preparation using normal saline and lugol’s

iodine solution, Motion occult blood, microfilaria and Malarial Parasites - Identification in

Stained blood smear, Special topic: ECG

CLINICAL PATHOLOGY - URINE ANALYSIS

GENERAL: Parts of urinary system, Importance of urine exam, Normal and abnormal contents

of urine sample, Types of urine sample, urine collection and Preservatives.

PHYSICAL EXAM: Colour (Normal, abnormal) Volume (Normal, abnormal), Odour (Normal.

abnormal), Appearance (Normal, abnormal), Specific gravity.

CHEMICAL EXAM: Principle, Reagents, Procedure with interpretation for Proteins

(Albumin), Sugar (Glucose), Ketone body (Acetone), Bile, Salt, Bile pigment, Urobilinogen,

Reaction.

MICROSCOPIC EXAM: Importance, Sample collection, Procedure, Organised &Un

organized Sediments, Casts, Parasites in Urine, with clean diagram.

Second Semester

CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY

UNIT I Microscopy: Parts and principles of simple microscope, compound microscope, phase

contrast microscope.

UNIT II Systemic Bacteriology: Definition, Classification, Staphylococcus, Streptococcus,

Micrococci, Pneumococcus, Neisseria, Corynebacteria, Bacillus, Clostridium.

Enterobacteriaceae - Klebsiella, Escherichia coli, Proteus, Salmonella, Shigella, Pseudomonas,

Spirochetes.

UNIT III Mycology: Classification of Fungus. Laboratory Diagnosis - Collection and transport

of Specimen, Direct Microscopy, Classification of pathogenic Fungi:- Superficial Mycoses,

Subcutaneous Mycoses, Systemic Mycoses, Opportunistic Mycoses.

UNIT IV Virology: General properties of virus, Laboratory diagnosis of viral infections:

Hepatitis virus, Human Immunodeficiency Virus, Polio Virus, Rabies Virus.

UNIT V Parasitology: General Parasitology, Classification of parasites: Protozoa. Technical

terms - parasite, Medical Parasitology, Host, Vector, Pathogen, Commensal, Ova, Cyst,

Trophozoite,, Cestode, Trematode, Nematode parasites. life cycle Pathogenicity, Lab Diagnosis

and Morphology with Diagram of Entamoeba histolytica, Entamoeba coli, Giardia lamblia,

Trichromonas vaginalis, Leishmania species, Malarial Parasites (Plasmodium Species),

Tapeworms, Round Worm,Hookworms, Microfilarial worms.

Reference books:

1. Gerad J. Tortora, Berdell R. Funke, Christine L case, Microbiology: An introduction,

Eight Edition, Publishers Benjamin Cummings.

2. Prescott, Harley and Klein’s Microbiology 7th

Ed Authour: Joanne M Wiley, Christopher

J Woolverton, Linda M Sherwood.

3. Sherris Medical MicroBiology: An introduction to infectious diseases By Kenneth J

Ryan, C George Ray, Publishers Mc Graw-Hill Medical.

4. Pelczar, M.I., and Reid, R.D. (2009) Microbiology, 5th Ed., McGraw Hill Inc., New

York.

CLINICAL BIOCHEMISTRY

UNIT 1 INSTRUMENT: Detailed study about Photoelectric colorimeter, pH meter,

Centrifuge, Analytical balance, Flame photometer, Analytical Balance—Use and Maintenance.

cleaning of new and used glassware, Pipettes and test tubes.

UNIT II Analytical Preparation of Solution Reagents: Definitions, types, Solute, Solvent,

pH, Buffer, preparation of Phosphate Buffer Saline (PBS); Use and storage of buffer solution.

Concentration of Solutions: Molarity, Normality, ppm. Dilution methods of Solution. Storage of

Chemicals and Reagents. Safe Use Flammable Chemicals, Corrosive Chemicals, Toxic, Harmful

and Irritating Chemicals, Oxidizing Chemicals, Explosive Chemicals, Carcinogens. Indicator,

Oxidation, Reduction.

UNIT III BIO-CHEMICAL TEST PROFILE: Liver Function tests, Renal Function Tests,

Heart Function Tests, , Pancreatic Function Tests. Diabetes, Jaundice, Lipids, Proteins.

UNIT IV ROUTINE BIO-CHEMICAL TESTS: Blood Glucose, Blood / Urine Urea, Serum

Bilirubin, Serum / Urine Creatinine, Glucose Tolerance Test, Serum total Cholesterol and high

Density Lipoproteins, Serum total Proteins / Albumin / Globulin, SGOT, SGPT, Serum Alkaline

/ Acid Phosphatase, Serum Uric acid, Blood Urea Nitrogem Serum Calcium, Serum Amylase.

Proteinuria Glucose, Ketone Bodies, Bile Pigments, Urobilinogen, Urobilin, Porphyrins,

Haematuria, Iron, Calcium, Iodine, Flourine in Urine.

UNIT V ELECTROLYTE TEST: Electrolytes with test procedure for photoelectric

colorimetric method. (Na, K, Cl),Quality control.

Reference books:

1. Instrumental Methods of Analysis. 6th Edition by H.H. Willard, L.L. Merritt Jr. and

others. 1986. CBS Publishers and Distributors.

2. Instrumental Methods of Chemical Analysis. 1989 by Chatwal G and Anand, S.

Himalaya Publishing House, Mumbai.

3. A Biologists Guide to Principles and Techniques of Practical Biochemistry. 1975 by

Williams, B.L. and Wilson

IMMUNOHEMATOLOGY & BLOOD BANKING

UNIT I BLEEDING DISORDERS AND LEUKAEMIA: Detailed study about Blood

coagulation factors, Bleeding Time, Clotting time, Prothrombin time. Anaemia: Definition,

Types Of anaemia. Leukaemia Definition, Classification, Detailed Study with Lab finding for

Myeloid Leukaemia (Acute & Chronic). Lymphatic Leukaemia (Acute & Chronic) Special topic:

Abnormal forms of RBC, Haemophilia, Medical Laboratory Technician Code.

UNIT II BLOOD GROUPING AND BLOOD TRANSFUSION

Discovery of Blood Grouping, Rh Typing, Importance Antigen, Antibody, Agglutination,

Antigen - Antibody in different Blood Group, Blood Grouping: Principle, Reagents, Methods

and Procedure of Red Blood Cell and Serum Grouping with interpretation, Source of error. Sub

Group of ‘A’ and ‘AB’, Importance, Reagents, Methods and Procedure of Grouping with

interpretation. Special Topic: Bombay ‘O’ Blood Group, Preparation of RBC suspension. Blood

transfusion: GENERAL: Types and indications of various blood transfusion, Universal

donor / recipient. DONOR SELECTION: Types of blood donors, Detailed blood donor screening

procedure.

UNIT III BLOOD COLLECTION COMPATIBILITY TEST: Definition, Functions,

Composition, Blood Haemoloysis - agents responsible, precautions to prevent. Anticoagulants

types and uses in Blood Bank, Pilot blood containers, Compatibility test: Cross matching

(Major &Minor) Release of Blood for transfusion: Precautions to be followed

UNIT IV TRANSFUSION REACTION: Types transfusion reaction investigation. Reaction

investigation procedure with interpretation Antiglobulin (Coomb’s) Test Haemolytic Disease of

Newborn (HDN)

UNIT V BLOOD STORAGE: Selection and Screening of donors, Collection of blood, Storage

of blood, Changes take place in stored blood. Cell separator and transfusion of various

components of blood like Plasma and Platelet Separation, Organization, Operation and

Administration of Blood Bank and anticoagulants. Recording the details and storage of blood,

Maintenance, cleaning of various equipments used in the blood bank.

Reference books:

1. Bernadette F. Rodak, and Jacqueline H. Carr, 2015 Clinical Hematology Atlas; Elsevier

Health Sciences ISBN: 9781455708307

2. Victor Hoffbrand. A., Paul A. H. Moss. 2015. Hoffbrand's Essential Haematology

3. Gary Moore, Gavin Knight, Andrew Blann. 2016. Haematology Oxford University Press.

4. Mukherjee Bibekananda .2016. Technical Manual of Blood Components

Preparation;DOI: 10.5005/jp/books/12650.Jaypeedigital explore health science.com

LIFE SKILL

UNIT- I ATTITUDE : Positive thinking – Goal setting – Problem Solving and Decision making

– Leadership and Team Work.

UNIT -II COMMUNICATION SKILLS: Oral communication: Concept of English language –

Fluency – Verbal communication in official and public situations.

UNIT-III COMMUNICATION SKILLS: Written Communication: Comprehension – Writing

a formal letter like application for Job, enquiry, reply, complaint and such others – preparation of

Resume, Curriculum Vitae.

UNIT- IV COMPUTING SKILLS – 1: Introduction to Computers, its various components and

their respective functions – Memory storage devices – Microsoft (MS) Office – MS Word.

UNIT- V COMPUTING SKILLS – 2 Internet Basics – Origin of Internet – MODEM – ISP –

Upload – Download – e-mail – Origin of worldwide web (www) Browsers – Search engines.

Reference books:

Life skill, Manonmaniam Sundaranar University Publications Division (2011)

Practical-2:LAB IN ANALYTICAL BIOCHEMISTRY II

SPECIAL TOPIC: Haematuria, Pregnancy Test.

Blood group and Rh(D) Factor test by open slide method and test tube method, compatibility

test (both major and minor) by saline technique for all available donors and patients.

Blood Glucose(GOD/POD) Blood/urine urea(Di acetyl Manoxime method), serum/urine

creatinine (Alkaline Picrate Method), serum total cholesterol ( Enzymatic Method), serum Total

proteins ( Bicrt Method), serum Albumin (Bromo cresol Greendye Method), serum

Acid/Alkaline Phosphatase, serum Bilirubin, Glucose toterance test.

Urine Specific gravity, Urine Albumin (Heat Coagulation Method), Urine Glucose (Benidict’s

Method), Urine Acetone (Nitroprusside Method), Urine Bile Salt (Hays Method), Urine Bile

Pigments (Fouchest’s Method), Microscopic Examination, Parasites, Pregnancy test (Latex

Method), Urine reaction, Occult blood in Urine, Urobilinogen test

Semester Third

ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY

UNIT I GENERAL ANATOMY: Typical animal cell (Structure & Function) –primary tissues

(Classification & function) Skeletal System. Digestive System- Functions of stomach,

composition of gastric juice. Pancreatic Juice, Bile and Digestion of food by different Enzymes,

Absorption and Defecation.

UNIT II RESPIRATORY AND DIGESTIVE SYSTEMS : Nose, Trachea, Bronchi Lungs

and Pleura, Digestive System- Alimentary canal (different parts)-Liver, Gall Bladder,

Pancreases.

UNIT III UROGENITAL SYSTEM: Different parts of urinary system -Different parts of Male

& Female genital -System (Internal & External Genitalia) Special Senses& General

Sensibilities- Eye & Vision-Ears, Hearing & Equilibrium, Excretory System-Functions of

Kidney, Nephron and Function of Skin.

UNIT IVNERVOUS & REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEMS: Brain & Spinal Cord.- Autonomic

Nervous System. Head & Neck, Thorax, Abd. & Pelvis, Surface Anatomy, Reproductive

System-Name of primary and accessory organs in male and female. Name of secondary sexual

characters in male and female. Function of ovary-formation of ova, menstrual cycle. Functions of

Testes. Fertilization Vasectomy and tubectomy.

UNIT V CIRCULATORY SYSTEM: Heart, Blood Vessels, Lymphatic –Spleen & Thymus.

Blood- Groups, Composition and general function of blood. Description of blood cells - normal

counts & function. Anticoagulants. Cerebrospinal Fluid, Formation. Composition & function of

lymph. Endocrine-glands- Names of the endocrine gland and the hormone secreted by them.

Major actions of such Hormones.

Reference books:

1. Maggie Norris, Donna Rae Siegfried. 2011. Anatomy and Physiology For Dummies John

Wiley & Sons

2. Gerard J. Tortora, Bryan H. Derrickson. 2008. Principles of Anatomy and Physiology John

Wiley & Sons.

3. Elaine N. Marieb, Lori A. Smith.2016. Laboratory Manual for Anatomy and Physiology.

Pearson Education,

4. Elaine Nicpon Marieb.1989.Human Anatomy and Physiology Laboratory

Manual,Benjamin/Cummings Publishing Company, 1989

HISTOPATHOLOGY

UNIT I-FIXATION: Principles of Histology and its application. Principles of tissue fixation.

Preparation of different fixatives: formaldehyde, Paraformaldihyde, methanol, acetone.

decalcification, Detection of end point

UNIT II- PROCESSING OF TISSUES: Neutralization and processing of tissues (dehydration

and rehydration), Nuscum Techniques –manual tissue processing, automated tissue processing,

paraffin embedding and different techniques for embedding. Preparation of paraffin blocks

UNIT III- SECTIONING: microtome and its parts. Handling and care of microtome,

sharpening and selection of razors, and section cutting. Preparation of 1 micron thin section.

frozen section/cryostat.

UNIT IV STAINING: Theory of staining, Common & special stains – Preparation of common

stains. H & E, congored, methyle violet, Leishman stain, Giesma, Papiaicolau, VG, PAS, PASM,

Papanicolaous staining technique/MCC staining. staining techniques.

UNIT V MOUNTING & OBSERVATION. different mounting solutions and protocols.

Mounting of museum specimens. Microscoping observation, record keeping, indexing of slides.

Histological observation of different tissues: skin, lungs, liver, urinogenetal and gastrointestinal

tissues.

Reference books:

1. Guy Orchard, Brian Nation. 2011. Fundamentals of Biomedical Science: Histopathology,

Oxford University Press, Oxford.

2. Ivan Damjanov. 1996. Histopathology: A Color Atlas and Textbook eds Williams &

Wilkins.

3. Mary C. Bowling 1967 Histopathology laboratory procedures: of the Pathology Anatomy

Branch of the National Cancer Institute, Publishers National Cancer Institute (U.S.).

Pathologic Anatomy Branch

CLINICAL PATHOLOGY

UNIT I- SPECIMEN COLLECTION: Reception of patients- Phlebotomy and aftercare of

patients; collection of different clinical materials, Blood, PUS, stool, sputum, semen, CSF,

storage and Transportation of different clinical materials to different laboratories.

UNIT II- EXAMINATION OF URINE& STOOL : Parts of urinary system, importance of

urine exam, Normal and abnormal contents of urine sample, Types of urine sample, urine

collection and Preservatives.

Stool examination- indication, collection, container of Stool sample, transport, preservation of

stool samples; physical examination and its significance, chemical examination and its

significance, microscopic examination and its significance.

UNIT III- EXAMINATION OF SPUTUM: Sputum collection, container of Sputum sample,

transport, storage of Sputum; examination- physical, chemical and microbial examinations and

its significance.

UNIT IV- SEMEN ANALYSIS: Semen collection, container of semen sample, transport,

storage of semen; examination- physical, chemical and microbial examinations and its

significance.

UNIT V- EXAMINATION OF Cerebrospinal Fluid (CSF): collection of CSF, container of

body fluids, transport of sample preservation of CSF; Examination of CSF and other body

Fluids- fluid analysis; examination- physical, chemical and microbial examinations and its

significance.

Reference books:

1. Bhattacharya.K. & G.K. Chakraborty, Ganendrakumar Chakravarti. 1978 .A Handbook

of Clinical Pathology: Diagnosis, Laboratory. Academic Publishers.

2. Daniel D. Mais. 2013. Practical Clinical Pathology. American Society for Clinical

Pathology

3. Hugh Anthony Clegg. 1955. Clinical pathology in general practice. J.B. Lippincott,

Industrial visit and Internship

LAB IN MICROBIAL TECHNIQUES

Preparation and sterilization of Nutrient Media, Inoculation Techniques, Pure culture, Sub

culture, antibiotic disc diffusion assay, Gram’s straining, Acid Fast staining and Tryphan blue

staining, Biochemical test for Identification of bacteria, Hanging drop method.

Fourth Semester

STANDARD OPERATING PROCEDURES AND SAFETY PRACTICES

UNIT I –.SAFE HANDLING OF CHEMICALS AND EQUIPMENT: Operation and

maintenance of laboratory equipments, Handling & cleaning of glassware (test tubes, slides

petridishes pipettes, beakers, Rashes, funnels, syinges etc), Collection & transport of clinical

specimens, Receipts, Labeling, recording and dispatching clinical specimens., Keeping records

after final computerization., Conversant with S.I. unit system for reporting. Conversant with

Fundamental Chemistry

UNIT II – SANITATION AND HYGIENE: Demonstrate knowledge of Good Laboratory

Practices (GLPs), Good Manufacturing Practices (GMPs) and Fire Safety, Statistical quality

control. Using emergency equipment and Safety planning.

UNIT III - FIRST AID AND BASIC LIFE SUPPORT: Objectives of first aid; wounds and

bleeding, dressing and bandages; pressure and splints, supports etc. shock; insensibility;

asphyxia; convulsion; resuscitation, uses of suction apparatus, drug reactions; prophylactic

measures; administration of oxygen, electric shock; burns; scalds ; hemorrhage; pressure points;

compression band. Fractures splints bandaging, dressing foreign bodies; poisons. Introduction

to BLS, indication for BLS and the process of BLS, recovery position

UNIT IV – CHEMICAL SPILLS: Toxic/hazardous chemical spills- Cleanup procedures for

chemical spills- hazardous chemical contact with the skin- safety procedures- maintenance of

Emergency eye wash/safety showers - usage of Chemical Splash Goggles.- Mouth pipetting or

siphoning is forbidden.- hazardous waste disposal

UNIT V – DISPOAL OF LABORATORY WASTE: Introduction to laboratory Waste, Types

of laboratory Waste, Collection of laboratory Waste, ; identification of all types of Treatment

and Safe Disposal of laboratory Waste, non infectious waste, infected sharp waste; infected non

sharp waste disposal, incineration process.

Reference books:

1. Frank R. Spellman. 1998. Safe Work Practices for the Environmental Laboratory:

Technology & Engineering; CRC Press.

2. Sword. I.P.& A.W. Waddell. 2012Standard Operating Procedures Analytical Chemistry

and Metabolism. Springer Science & Business Media

3. Prudent Practices in the Laboratory: Handling and Management of Chemical Hazards,

Updated Version. 2011. Published by National Research Council, Division on Earth and

Life Studies, Board on Chemical Sciences and Technology, Committee on Prudent

Practices in the Laboratory: An Update

4. Rashid Najat, Sood Ramnik . 2015. Laboratory Biosecurity: Balancing Risks, Threats &

Progress.. DOI:10.5005/jp/books/12485

IMMUNO HISTOCHEMISTRY

UNIT I – MOLECULAR BIOLOGY: protein expression in the different tissues. Antigen,

epitope, Paratope.

UNIT II- PRIMARY ANTIBODIES: structure of antibody: Fc region, Fab, Hinge region.

types of antibody, Monoclonal, polyclonal antibody, Protein A/G, antibody and antigen

interaction,

storage of anti-sera, Secondary Antibodies: Need for the secondary antibody, selection of

secondary antibody, storage of purified IgG.

UNIT III- Fixation, tissues processing, blocking, detection of antigen with primary antibody

detection of primary antibody with secondary antibody conjugated with chromoges or

fluochromes.

UNIT IV- CHROMOGENS & FLUOROCHROMES: Horse Radish Peroxidase (HRP),

DAB, DAB+nickel enhancer, TMB, Alkaline Phosphatase and BCIP/NBT. Fluorochromes:

Properties and application of Fluorochromes: Blue colour: DAPI, Hoechst, Alexa Fluor 405;

Green: Alexa Fluor 488, FITC, Acridin Orange, Cy2; Red: Texas red, Alexa Fluor 633, Alexa

Fluor 647, Cy5.

UNIT IV- OBSERVATION AND DOCUMENTATION: Fluorescence microscopy principles

& applications. Mode of operation. Observation of specimens and documentation.

Reference books:

1. Igor B. Buchwalow, Werner Böcker. 2010. Immunohistochemistry: Basics and Methods.

Springer Science & Business Media.

2. Fan Lin, Jeffrey Prichard. 2015. Handbook of Practical imunohistochemistry: Frequently

Asked Questions. Springer.

3. M. A. Hayat.2005 Handbook of Immunohistochemistry and in situ Hybridization of

Human Carcinomas: Molecular Genetics: Liver and Pancreatic Carcinomas, Volume 3,

Academic Press

4. David J Dabbs. 2013. Diagnostic Immunohistochemistry. Elsevier Health Sciences,

Pratical-5: LAB IN PATHOLOGY AND SEROLOGY

WIDAL test (Slide Method including dilution technique) Rapid Plasma Reagin (Card test),

Rheumatoid Athritis factor test, C-Reactive Protein test, Anti streptolysin ‘O’ test.

Fixation of tissues, paraffin block preparation of tissues, Preparation of 1 micron section of a

tissue, H & E staining and observation under microscope

Complete Semen Analysis with interpretations. (Demo)

Cerebro Spinal Fluid (CSF) - Formation, Indication for collection, Detailed study about physical,

Chemical and microscopic examination of CSF with interpretation. (Demo)

MICROSCOPIC EXAM: Importance, Sample collection, Procedure, Organised &Un

organized Sediments, Casts, Parasites in Urine, with clean diagram.

Project Dissertation