Name: _________________________________________________ Period: _______

EOC and Semester ReviewDirections: Complete the graphic organizers as a review for the EOC. Not all information will come directly from your notes or the textbook. Some questions require you to apply your knowledge vs. just looking up answers.

I. Physical Geography

Forces Affecting the Biosphere

Spring – _______ (month?)

Fall – ______(month?)

Day and night are ___________.

Summer – _________ day of year

Winter – longest _________ of year

The tilt of the earth causes ___________ – When it is summer in the North it is __________ in the south.

Atmosphere

Weather Climate

Differences in climate give rise to ______________, which are geographic regions that support different kinds of life – forests, grasslands, deserts, and tundra

The plants and animals found in a climate region are those that are able to adapt and thrive to the unique attributes of the climate.

Condensation

Transpiration Precipitation

Snowmelt Runoff

Mountains are formed when continental plates

___________________.

Some tectonic plates move apart, which can

cause the seafloor to _____________ or on

land cause ___________________ (two words)

between parallel ridges of mountains.

Plate movement can cause earthquakes at ______________. When earthquakes occur near or under the ocean, _____________ can be caused.

Volcanoes occur in places where plates pull apart or fold under – One area is the

__________________________ surrounding the Pacific tectonic plate.

_______________ weathering is the wearing down of rock –

_______________weathering causes the rocks to change chemically

Erosion is when weathered rock, sand, or soil is broken down and carried away by _____________,

________________, or ___________.

The material left from broken down rocks and ________________ plants and animals makes soil – based on ingredients, soils will have different

compositions.

The higher the elevation, the ___________________ the temperature will be.

Formed by the ______________ of tectonic plates, can be thousands of feet high

________________________ (two words) create the orographic effect. The _________________ side of the mountain will receive the moisture, while the dry, or ________________, side will receive little or no moisture, which is known as

Cooler air or ocean currents from the ______________ make temperatures cooler, and warmer air and water from the ______________ makes temperature warmer.

The _________________ from the equator, the cooler temperatures will be.

The _______________ from a large body of water a place is, the more extreme temperatures will be, resulting in _______________ summers and colder winters.

Flat highland whose sides drop suddenly; formed as a result of

__________________________

Long, low areas between ranges of mountains, hills, or uplands. Often created by

____________ and may have a stream or river at the bottom

A deep gorge or ravine between cliffs, often carved from the landscape by a

______________

Human Changes to the Environment

Positive Effects Negative Effects Example

Agriculture

Urban Growth

Building Dams

Energy

People tend to settle close to

The crops and livestock in an area greatly

affect people’s ______________________,

______________, and ________________.

People settle in flat, fertile valleys where

______________ is easier.

Average temp and precipitation have a

large impact on shelter,

_______________, and clothing.

__________________________ may influence how homes are built.

II. Human Geography

Factors that influence the character of place and can be used to regionalize:Element North

AmericaLatin

AmericaEurope Northern

EurasiaSouth and Southwest

Asia

East and Southeast Asia

and OceaniaAfrica

Languages

Government

Religions/Belief

SystemsUrban/Rural

Family Relationships

Social StructureFashion,

Literature, Art, and MusicEducation

Land Use

Trading Networks

Type of Economic Systems

8BDue to volcanic eruptions, areas with volcanoes have some of the richest

_________. Since eruptions are infrequent, people risk living near volcanoes.

In areas with high earth quake activity, buildings are built to withstand earthquakes. Some areas like Japan have drills to prepare for earthquakes.

Houses are built to withstand powerful hurricane winds.

In areas that are susceptible to drought, less thirsty plants are planted, & water usage is less.

Some countries have built warning systems to warm in case of tsunamis. Some countries also have built channels to try to control the waters of a tsunami.

In areas where flooding is common or seasonal, houses are built on stilts or on higher ground.

El Nino brings increased rain to the west coast of

La Nina brings heavy rains to_____________.

System Economic Decision(consumer, gov’t, both?)

Ownership of Private Property?

Example Country

TraditionalFree Enterprise

(market)Command Economy

Mixed Economy

Levels of Economic ActivitiesPrimary Secondary Tertiary Quaternary

ExplanationProduction of foods and extraction of resources

Manufacture and production of goods

Providing services: Teachers, doctors, nurses,

truck driver, retaliler

Information processing and management (computer

programmer or manager of a company)

Picture

Levels of Development

Agriculture in which only enough food is produced for the

Farmers produce goods to ______________________ rather than to meet their own needs.

Goods are made by hand in

______________ or small workshops largely for family or local use.

Goods are mass produced in __________________ for sale by businesses to consumers, including other businesses.

Determine whether each socioeconomic/demographic indicator is low, medium, or high for each type of country. For the bottom row, write describe the predominant level(s) of economic activity in that type of country.

Indicator Less Developed (LDC)(developing)

Newly Industrialized (NIC)

(underdeveloped)

More Developed (MDC)(developed)

GDP Per Capita

Life Expectancy

Literacy

Infant Mortality

Level of economic activity

Manufacturing is usually located near natural resources.

Human resources are just as important as natural resources – Japan has few natural resources but has an educated, skilled population – Entrepreneurs organize production and are business owners.

Businesses are more likely to locate in areas with well developed infrastructure—i.e. transportation systems, sanitation, utilities.

Businesses are more likely to be located near population centers to take advantage of the access of consumers.

Businesses are more likely to locate where capital resources are high – capital resources are goods made to make other goods & services.

Businesses locate where they can take advantage of established trade routes and avoid barriers that would slow transportation time.

GlobalizationPros (Benefits) Cons (Costs)

New jobs and better standard of __________

_________ prices for products people want to buy

______________ wars

___________________ in countries with less restrictive laws that protect the environment

Unsafe or unhealthy working conditions in ____________________

Loss of _____________ when companies in developed countries move production offshore

Organizations like

have made trading between countries and regions easier by removing many of the barriers to trade.

Improvements in transportation have made shipping cheaper, allowing global trade. Improvements in telecommunication have made communication easier and faster.

Because of improvements in transportation & telecommunications, companies have been able to hire people in __________________ to do some of their work.

Because of improvements in transportation & telecommunications, companies are moving operations to countries with lower _______________ costs

Explain future trend and issues for each shape of pyramid.

Rapid growth pyramids show a ___________ total fertility rate (TFR) and a _________ life expectancy. A challenge is being able to provide infrastructure and jobs for the young population.

Slow growth pyramids show a _________ TFR and a __________life expectancy. The biggest challenge is maintaining this shape and providing services as the population gets older.

Negative growth shows birth rates dropping below ____________rates. The biggest challenge is having enough people to work and providing for the older population.

Migration _________ Factors Migration ___________ Factors Oppression Poverty Poltical Conflicts Environmental Factors

Freedom Economic Opportunity Cultural Ties

How has world population growth and distribution changed over time?Caused ____________ in Population Caused ____________ in population

• ____________________________ of plants and animals

• Industrial ____________________

• Green _____________________• Modern ___________________ – People live longer;

more infants survive first year.

• ________________ – wiped out 30-40% of the European population

• Irish _____________famine – millions died of starvation

• ___________________ including earthquakes, floods, and hurricanes

Explain how each factor to the right influences migration and give an example.

Types of RegionsFormal Functional Perceptual

Explain Region with a set or understood boundary (cannot be a person’s

own view )

Based on a person,s interactions (where they shop, work, live, and

where radio and television is based)

Regions with boundaries that are not set – based on how a person

sees a region

Examples

Examples of how boundaries have been created or changedFormer Yugoslavia The break up of Yugoslavia led to the creation of new countries and hostility between

ethnic groups that remained in ethnically divided countries.Former Soviet Union The break up of the Soviet Union has led to new countries and hostility from ethnic

groups which were not allowed to create their own countryNorth and South Korea The border between the North and South came from the Korean war. The north has very

low development and lacks human rights, while the South is an open, developed countryThe continent of Africa The boundaries of Africa were drawn by Europeans who focused only on natural

resources and connection of colonies and not on how ethnicities were group or divided.

RELIGIONReligion Number of

followersMonotheistic? General

location/world regionMajor Beliefs/Words Associated with the

Religion/Belief SystemChristianity

Islam

Buddhism

Hinduism

Sikhism

Judaism

Animism

Draw symbol for convergence:

Draw symbol for divergence:

What are characteristics of urban and rural areas?Location Political Characteristic

(traditional or progressive &

diverse?)

Level(s) of Economic Activity: primary,

secondary, tertiary, quaternary

Social Characteristic(more similarity or

more diversity?)

Environmental Characteristic: What

causes pollution?

Rural

Urban

How do economic, political, and/or social opportunities differ in a region based on gender?Region Gender Equity Index

http://www.socialwatch.org/sites/default/files/GEI2009_

RegionalAverage_eng.pdf

Predict level of opportunies for women

North America High Women will have more opportunities.Latin America Medium High/Medium Women will have more opportunities.

Europe High Women will have more opportunities.Northern Eurasia Medium Women will have more opportunities.Southwest and

South AsiaLow Women will have few opportunities.

East Asia, Southeat Asia, and Oceania

Low to Medium (some high) Women will have fewer opportunities.

Africa Low to Medium/Low Women will have fewer opportunities.

ConflictWhat are some common causes of conflict?

Pick one conflict that was covered in class and address the following: Where is the conflict, who is involved, what is the cause of the conflict, and explain if the conflict has been resolved.

Technologies that have changed our livesTechnology How our lives have been changed

Internet

Global Positioning Systems (GPS)

Geography Information Systems (GIS)

Transportation

Technology How technology allows humans to adapt or modify environment

Transportation We can live ________________ from where we work and shop. Better transporation has also allowed us to live in environments that are more extreme.

Air conditioning Air conditioning allows people to live in extremely ______________ and/or ______________ climates. This means people are able to inhabit more extreme areas.

Desalinization Due to desalinization, ___________ water can be turned into drinking water, allowing people to live in areas that do not traditionally have fresh water.

Steam Engines The first steam engines allow workers to use more than _________________ power in manipulating the environment.

How technology advances affect the environment, economy, and society:Environmental Impacts Economic Impacts Social Impacts

How does technology allow humans to adapt

and/or modify the environment?

Agriculture More land and water used & pollution

Agriculture becomes more commercial

More food is produced per farmer – those w/o technology left behind

Natural Resources More able to get to natural resources & pollution and increased need for new technology

Economy grows with increased access and use

People become more dependent on certain resources for daily lives

Medical Advancements Population grows as more people live through childhood

Healthier people are more productive helping economies

Healthy people live longer and population growth can become an issue

Changing Trade Networks Land use can change as well as pollution as transporation follows the changing networkds

More economic connectiveness has both pros and cons

Cultural distinctiveness disappears as places become more alike – We know more about other cultures and areas.

Physical Geography Key Vocab: You must know these terms to be successful!

Earth-Sun Relationship Solstice Equinox Tectonic MovementMechanical Weathering Chemical Weathering Soil-Building Process Lithosphere

Atmosphere Hydrosphere Biosphere Orographic EffectLatitude Belt Continentality Rain Shadow Biome

Physical Landscape El Niño Tsunamis VolcanoesSustainable Development Renewable Resources Non-Renewable Resources

Human Geography Key Vocab: You must know these terms to be successful!

Spatial Exchnage Diffusion Migration ImmigrantEmigrant Columbian Exchange American Popular Culture Character of Place

Human Landscape GDP Per Capita Life Expectancy LiteracyInfant Mortality Human Development Index Less Deveolped Country

(LDC)Newly Industrialized Country

(NIC)More Developed Country

(MDC)Urbanization Populartion Pyramids In-migration

Out-migration Connectivity Standard of lIving PandemicLoss of Local Culture Formal Region Functional Region Perceptual Region

Region Free-Enterprise (captialism) Socialism CommunismCommand Economy Mixed Economy Subsistence Agriculture Commericial AgricultureCottage Industries COmmerical Industries Globalization Outsourcing

Free Trade NAFTA Economic Tigers Primary Economic ActivitySecondary Economic Activity Tertiary Economic Activity Quaternary Economic Activty Democracy

Label the major lines of latitude and longitude on the above map.

Dictatorship Monarchy Republic TheocracyTotalitarian European Union Supranationalism Centrifugal Forces

Centripetal Forces Nationalism Patriotism AnimismBuddhism Christianity Hinduism IslamJudaism Sikhism Multicutlural Cultural Convergence

Cultural Divergence Desalinization Global Positioning System (GPS)

Geography Information Systems (GIS)