Klaus Peters Ruhr-Universität Bochum U Cincinnati, Nov 18, 2002 FNAL, Batavia, Nov 20, 2002 JLab,...

Klaus PetersKlaus PetersRuhr-Universität BochumRuhr-Universität BochumU Cincinnati, Nov 18, 2002U Cincinnati, Nov 18, 2002FNAL, Batavia, Nov 20, 2002FNAL, Batavia, Nov 20, 2002JLab, Newport News, Nov 22, 2002JLab, Newport News, Nov 22, 2002TRIUMF, Vancouver, Nov 28, 2002TRIUMF, Vancouver, Nov 28, 2002

at the High Energy Storage Ring @ GSI

2

Nov 22, 2002Klaus Peters, U Bochum, Proton-Antiproton @ Darmstadt (GSI Future Project)

Where is Darmstadt ?Where is Darmstadt ?

GSI

33


OverviewOverview

The GSI Future ProjectThe Antiproton Facility (HESR)The Physics Program Charmonium spectroscopy Charmed hybrids and glueballs Interaction of charmed particles with nuclei Hypernuclei Further options

Detector ConceptsConclusions

4


The GSI Future FacilityThe GSI Future Facility

Panda

Existing GSI Facilities

55


Nuclear Structure PhysicsNuclear Matter PhysicsPlasma PhysicsAtomic PhysicsPhysics with Antiprotons

The GSI Future ProjectThe GSI Future Project

Nuclear Structure Physics

Research with Rare Isotope BeamsNuclei far from Stability

number of neutrons

num

ber

of

pro

tons

r - process

rp - processsolarburning

66




Nuclear Structure PhysicsNuclear Matter Physics

Nucleus-Nucleus CollisionsCompressed Baryonic Matter

,-,p - beams

SIS 18

SIS 200T [MeV]

300

LHC

RHIC

SPS

77


SIS 18

IonBeam

Heating

Jupiter

Sun Surface

Magnetic Fusion

solid statedensity

Tem

pera

ture

[eV

]

Density [cm-3]

LaserHeating

PHELIX

Ideal plasm

as

Strongly

coupled

plasmas

Sun Core

InertialCofinement

Fusion



Nuclear Structure PhysicsNuclear Matter PhysicsPlasma Physics

Ion and Laser Induced PlasmasHigh Energy Density in Matter

88




Nuclear Structure PhysicsNuclear Matter PhysicsPlasma PhysicsAtomic Physics

From Fundamentals to Applications QED, Strong Fields, Ion-Matter Interactions

99





Research with AntiprotonsHadron Spectroscopy and Hadronic Matter

Effective Degrees of Freedom

1010


MASSMASS

Motivation Antiproton ProjectMotivation Antiproton Project

MASSMASSUnderstand the generation of mass

Higgs is only responsible for about 2% of proton mass !

How can we understand the difference ?

1111


QCD running coupling constantQCD running coupling constant

2Q

transition from perturbative to non-perturbative regime

Q2 [GeV2]10 1 0.1 0.05p

ert

urb

ati

ve Q

CD

con

sti

tuen

t q

uark

con

fin

em

en

t

meson

s a

nd

bary

on

s

0 0.1 0.3 1Rn r [fm]

Transition from the quark-gluon to the hadronic degrees of freedom

perturbative strong

QCD

1212


Fundamental Aspects of QCDFundamental Aspects of QCD

QCD is confirmed to high accuracy at small distancesAt large distances, QCD is characterized by:ConfinementChiral symmetry breaking

Challenge: Quantitative understanding of the relevant degrees

of freedom in strongly interacting systems

Experimental approach: Charm physics:

Transition between the chiral and heavy quark limitsProton-Antiproton as a rich hadronic source

1313


Charmonium PhysicsCharmonium Physics

Charmonium is the Positronium System of QCD

EnergiesSplittingWidths

Quark-Antiquark-Interaction

Exclusive Decays

Mixing of perturbativeand non-pertubative Effects

1414



Open questions …

c‘ (21S0) not established

h1c (1P1) unconfirmedPeculiar decays of (4040)Terra incognita for

any 2P and D-States

… Exclusive Channels

Helicity violationG-Parity violationHigher Fock state contributions

1515


3500 3520 MeV3510

CB

all

ev./

2 M

eV

100

ECM


e+e- interactions:Only 1-- states are formedOther states only by

secondary decays (moderate mass resolution)

ppbar reactions:All states directly formed

(very good mass resolution)

Existing experiments:no B-field, beam timebeam momentum reproducibility

CBallE835

1000

E 8

35

ev./

pb

c1

1616


ECM

Resonance ScanResonance Scan

Measured Rate

Beam Profile

Resonance Cross

Section

small and well controlled beam momentum spread

p/p is extremely important

1717



Expect 1-2 fb-1 (like CLEO-C)ppbar (>5.5 GeV/c) J/ 107/dppbar (>5.5 GeV/c) c2 (J/ 105/d

ppbar (>5.5 GeV/c) c‘( 104/d|rec.?

Comparison to E835Max. Energy 15 GeV/c instead of 9 GeV/cLuminosity 10x higherDetector with magnetic fieldp/p 10x betterDedicated machine with stable conditions

1818


Hadrons are very complicatedHadrons are very complicated

Standard model meson only one leading term

Other colour neutral configurations may mix

Decoupling is possible only if

states are narrowleading term vanishes

Exot

ic li

ght qq

Exot

ic c

c

1-- 1-+

0 2000 4000MeV/c2

10-2

1

102

1919


Charmed HybridsCharmed Hybrids

Gluonic excitations of the quark-antiquark-potential may lead to bound states

LQCD: mH ~ 4.2-4.5 GeV

Light charmed hybrids could be as narrow as O(5-50 MeV)selection rules

(from Fluxtube)# charmed final states

(OZI-Rule)

important <r2> and rBreakup

2020


FluxtubeFluxtube

Meson

Hybrid

~ Simplified Lattice Approach

Flux (excited Gluon) carries angular momentum

2121



Fluxtube-Modelpredicts DD** decaysif mH<4290 MeV/c2

H < 50 MeV/c2

Some exotics can decay neither to DDbar nor to DD*e.g.: JPC(H)=0+-

• fluxtube allowedJ/f2, J/()S, h1c

• fluxtube forbiddenc0, c0, c2, c2, ch1

Small number of final states with small phase space

CLEO

BaBar and Belle would expect ~300 evts. each in 5 years not competitive

2222



Gluon rich process creates gluonic excitation in a direct wayccbar requires the quarks to

annihilate (no rearrangement)yield comparable to

charmonium productionformation yield 8:1

due to color octet in hybrids

2 complementary techniquesProduction

(Fixed-Momentum)Formation

(Broad- and Fine-Scans)

Momentum range for a survey p ~15 GeV

2323


Exotics in Proton-AntiprotonExotics in Proton-Antiproton

Exotics are heavily produced in ppbar reactions

High production yields for exotic mesons (or with a large fraction of it)f0(1500) ~25 % in 3

f0(1500) ~25 % in 2

1(1400) >10 % in

Interference with other well known (conventional) states is mandatory for the phase analysis

Crystal Barrel

2424


Heavy GlueballsHeavy Glueballs

Light gg/ggg-systems are complicated to identifyExotic heavy glueballsm(0+-) = 4140(50)(200) MeVm(2+-) = 4740(70)(230) MeV

Width unknown, but!nature invests more likely in

mass than in momentumnewest proof

double ccbar yield in e+e-

Flavour-blindnesspredicts decays into

charmed final states

Same run period as hybridsIn addition: scan m>2 GeV/c2

Morningstar und Peardon, PRD60 (1999) 034509Morningstar und Peardon, PRD56 (1997) 4043

2525


4-Quark Formation4-Quark Formation

Proton-Antiproton contains already a 4-Quark-System

Idea: Dilepton-Tag from Drell-Yan-Production

AdvantagesTriggerless JPC-Ambiguities1200 E./day @ 12 GeV300 E./day @ 5-8 GeV

antiproton-Beam(for L=1032cm-2s-1)

Bannikov, Gornuschkin, Kopeliovich, Krumshtein and Sapozhnikov, JINR E1-92-344 (1992)

2626


Accessible HadronsAccessible Hadrons

2727


Hadrons in Nuclear MatterHadrons in Nuclear Matter

Partial restoration of chiral symmetry in nuclear matterLight quarks are sensitive

to quark condensate

Evidence for mass changes of pions and kaons has been deduced previously:deeply bound pionic atoms

f*= 0.78f

CollaborationNava, GSI, Munich, Jülich, Tokyo, Niigata, RIKEN

2828


Hadrons in Nuclear MatterHadrons in Nuclear Matter


to quark condensate

Evidence for mass changes of pions and kaons has been deduced previously:deeply bound pionic atoms(anti-)kaon yield and phase

space distribution

Nucleus-Nucleus CollisionsProton-Proton Collisions

KaoS Collaboration TU Darmstadt, Frankfurt, GSI Darmstadt, Marburg, Cracow, Rossendorf

2929


Charmed Hadrons in Nuclear MatterCharmed Hadrons in Nuclear Matter


to quark condensate

Evidence for mass changes of pions and kaons has been deduced previously:deeply bound pionic atoms(anti-)kaon yield and phase

space distribution

D-Mesons are the QCD analogue of the H-atom.chiral symmetry to be studied

on a single light quark

Hayaski, PLB 487 (2000) 96Morath, Lee, Weise, priv. Comm.

D

50 MeV

D

D+

vacuumvacuum nuclear mediumnuclear medium

K

25 MeV

100 MeV

K+

K

3030


bare D+D-

10-2

10-1

1

10

102

103

(nb

)4 5 6 7

Open Charm in the NucleiOpen Charm in the Nuclei

The expected signal:strong enhancement of the

D-meson cross section,relative D+ D- yields, in the

near/sub-threshold region.

Complementary toheavy ion collisions

D+

in-mediumfree masses

T (GeV)

D-

T~0

(A) = ?pA

ApNApN

pA

3131


Charmonium in the NucleiCharmonium in the Nuclei

Lowering of the D+D- massallow charmonium states to

decay into this channel, thus resulting in a dramatic

increase of width

• (1D) =2040 MeV

• (2S) =0,322,7 MeV

• Experiment: Dilepton-

Channels

IdeaStudy relative changes of

yield and width of the charmonium states.

3

GeV/c2 Mass

3.2

3.4

3.6

3.8

4

(13D1)

(13S1)

(23S1)

c(11S0)

(33S1)

c2(13P2)

c1(13P1)

c1(13P0)

DD3,74

3,64

3,54

vacuum

10

20

3232


J/J/ Absorption in Nuclei Absorption in Nuclei

Important for the understanding of heavy ion collisionsRelated to QGP

ppp

p

3333


J/J/ Absorption in Nuclei Absorption in Nuclei

Important for the understanding of heavy ion collisionsRelated to QGP

Reactionpbar + A J/ + (A-1)

Fermi-smeared ccbar-ProductionJ/, ‘ or interference region

selected by pbar-MomentumLongitudinal und transverse

Fermi-distribution is measurable

e+

e

J/

(e

+e

) p

b

p(pbar) GeV/c

pA J / (A 1)

0

200

100

3.5 4.54.0 5.0

FF

J/

3434


3 GeV/c

HypernucleiHypernuclei

3rd dimension (strangeness)of the nuclear chart

New Era:high resolution -spectroscopy

Double-hypernuclei:very little data

Baryon-baryon interactions:-N only short ranged

(no 1 exchange due to isospin)

- impossible in scattering reactions

secondary target

-(dss) p(uud) (uds) (uds)

Trigger

-

K+K

3535


Inverted DVCSInverted DVCS

Deeply Virtual Compton Scattering (DVCS)Generalized Parton Distributions using the handbag-diagramdynamics of quarks and gluons in hadrons

Measurements of the inverted processless stringent requirements on the detector resolutionpredictions for 2 real photon final states ~ 1000 E./month

3636


Proton-Formfactors at large QProton-Formfactors at large Q22

High Q2 pert. QCD

FF (dim. Scaling)should vary with Q2

time-like remains factor 2 larger than space-like

Both in pQCD asymptotically equalHESR s 25 GeV2/c4

M

2 2p2

G Cs

s lnm=

æ ö÷ç ÷ç ÷çè øL

q2>0

q2<0

3737


CP-Violation in the Charm SectorCP-Violation in the Charm Sector

Small mixing in the charm sector compared toK0 and B(S)

0

Interference of amplitudes may lead to CP-Violation

Measure D0 using D* Tag

Measure D+/D—-asymmetries

Also possiblepp pc

+D0 (fixed flavour)

D -Oscillations0 0D

Direct CP-Violation

Wb

Wb

free Decay

Box-Graphen

c

d

u

s

(strong) Penguin (D )± Annihilation (D )s±

gW

Wcc

u s sd

ud

3838


The Antiproton FacilityThe Antiproton Facility

3939


The Antiproton FacilityThe Antiproton Facility

Antiproton production similar to CERN, HESR = High Energy Storage RingProduction rate 107/secPbeam = 1.5 - 15 GeV/c

Nstored = 5 x 1010 p

High luminosity modeLuminosity = 2 x 1032 cm-2s-1

p/p ~ 10-4 (stochastic cooling)

High resolution modep/p ~ 10-5 (electron cooling < 8 GeV/c)Luminosity = 1031 cm-2s-1

4040


Proposed Detector (Overview)Proposed Detector (Overview)

High RatesTotal ~ 55 mb

Vertexing(p,KS,,…)

Charged particle ID(e±,±,±,p,…)

Magnetic trackingElm. Calorimetry(,0,)

Forward capabilities(leading particles)

Sophisticated Trigger(s)

4141


Vertexing: Micro Vertex DetectorVertexing: Micro Vertex Detector

7.2 mio. barrel pixels50 x 300 μm

2 mio. forward pixels100 x 150 μm

beam pipepelle

t/cl

ust

er

pip

e

Readout: ASICs (ATLAS/CMS) 0.37% X0

or pixel one side – readout other side (TESLA)

4242


Tracking: Straw Tube TrackerTracking: Straw Tube Tracker

Number of double layersSkew angle of dbl layers 1 and 15 Skew angle of dbl layers 2-14

150o

2o-3o

Straw tube wall thicknessWire thicknessGas

LengthDiameter of tubes in double layers 1-5, 6-10, and 11-15Number of straw tubes

26 mm20 mm90%He10%C4H10 150 cm4 mm6 mm8 mm8734

Transverse resolution sx,y

Longitudinal resolution sz

150 mm 1 mm

4343


Tracking: Forward MDCTracking: Forward MDC

6 layers of sense wires in3 double layers (y,u,v)not stretched radially (mass)realized at HADEShigh counting rates position resolution 70μm

HADES@GSI

4444


PID: DIRC (Cherenkov)PID: DIRC (Cherenkov)

less space than aero gel costs of calorimeterno problems with field

BaBar@SLAC

4545


PID: Forward RICHPID: Forward RICH

Aerogel n=1.02

Multi pad gasDetector

Mismatch photons CsI photon conversion

LHCbLHCb

proximity focusing mirrors

4646


Electromagnetic CalorimeterElectromagnetic Calorimeter

Detector material PbWO4

Photo sensors Avalanche Photo Diodes

Crystal size 35 x 35 x 150 mm3 (i.e 1.5 x 1.5 RM2 x 17 X0)

Energy resolution 1.54 % / E[GeV] + 0.3 %

Time resolution 130 ps

Total number of crystals 7150

4747


Interested InstitutesInterested Institutes(with Representative in the Coordination Board)(with Representative in the Coordination Board)

U BochumU BonnU & INFN BresciaU CataniaU CracowGSI Darmstadt TU DresdenJINR Dubna I + IIU ErlangenNWU EvanstonU & INFN FerraraLNF-INFN FrascatiU & INFN GenovaU GlasgowU Gießen

KVI Groningen IKP Jülich I + IILANL Los AlamosU MainzTU MünchenU MünsterBINP NovosibirskU PaviaU of SilesiaU TorinoPolitechnico di TorinoU & INFN TriesteU TübingenU & TSL UppsalaÖAdW ViennaSINS Warsaw

39 Institutes from 9 Countries:Austria - Germany – Italy – Netherlands – Poland – Russia – Sweden – U.K. – U.S.A.

4848


CompetitionCompetition

CLEO-C, BES, BNL, HALL-D, JHFCLEO-C, BES, BNL, HALL-D, JHF

Topic HESR Competitor

ConfinementCharmonium

all ccbar states with high resolution

CLEO-C only 1–– states

Gluonic Excitations

charmed hybridsheavy glueballs

CLEO-C light glueballsHall-D light hybrids

Nuclear Interactions

D-mass shiftJ/ absorption (T~0)

Hypernuclei -spectroscopy of- and -hypernuclei

BNL hypernuclei studies

Open Charm Physics

Rare D-Decays, CP-physics in D-Mesons and Baryons

CLEO-C rare D-Decays CP-physics in D-Mesons

,K-beams JHF rare K-Decays (?) neutrino physics

4949


Why Antiprotons ?Why Antiprotons ?

high resolution spectroscopy with pbar-beams in formation experiments:E Ebeam

high yields in ppbar of gluonic excitationsglueballs, hybrids

event tagging by pair wise associated production,(particle, anti-particle) e.g. ppbarbar

large sqrt(s) at low momentum transferimportant for in-medium "implantation" of hadrons:study of in-medium effects

5050


History/Status/OutlookHistory/Status/Outlook

since 1997 Discussion about GSI futureInternational workshops and reviews and accelerator R&D

May 1999 Letter of Intend for an antiproton facility (40 authors) Studies for detector concept

Jan. 2001 Detector simulation with GEANT4Nov. 2001 Conceptual Design Report

of an “International Accelerator Facility forBeams of Ions and Antiprotons”

Nov. 2001 Review by an international review committee of the „Deutscher Wissenschaftsrat“

April 2002 International pbar-Workshop at GSIJuly 2002 Positive Votum by the „Deutscher Wissenschaftsrat“Early 2003? Decision by the German Parliament „Bundestag”

5151


Realization/CostRealization/Cost

Civil Construction ~ 225 M€Accelerator Components ~ 265 M€Instrumentation and Major Detectors ~ 185 M€(HESR Detector ~ 31 M€)

~ 675 M€

Year 200X + 6 yearscommissioning

Year 200X + 8 yearsregular data taking

5252


Summary & OutlookSummary & Outlook

Investigation of charmed hadrons and their interaction with matter is a mandatory task for the next decade

The antiproton facility HESR @ GSI addresses many important questions

A high performance storage ring and detector are envisaged to utilize a luminosity of L=2 x 1032 cm-2s-1

5353


More InformationMore Information

http://www.gsi.de/GSI-Future/project/eng/index.phphttp://www.gsi.de/GSI-Future/project/eng/index.php

http://www.gsi.de/GSI-Future/cdr/http://www.gsi.de/GSI-Future/cdr/

http://www.gsi.de/GSI-Future/project/eng/i/pdf_e.gifhttp://www.gsi.de/GSI-Future/project/eng/i/pdf_e.gif

Klaus Peters Ruhr-Universität Bochum U Cincinnati, Nov 18, 2002 FNAL, Batavia, Nov 20, 2002 JLab,...

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