=k;ksn'k% ikB% ve`ra laLÑre~ncert.nic.in/textbook/pdf/ghsk113.pdf · ve`ra laLÑre~ 73 1- mPpkj.ka...
Transcript of =k;ksn'k% ikB% ve`ra laLÑre~ncert.nic.in/textbook/pdf/ghsk113.pdf · ve`ra laLÑre~ 73 1- mPpkj.ka...
fo'oL; miyC/klq Hkk"kklq laLÑrHkk"kk izkphurek Hkk"kkfLrA Hkk"ks;a vusdk"kkaHkk"kk.kka tuuh erkA çkphu;ks% KkufoKku;ks% fuf/% vL;ka lqjf{kr%A laLÑrL;egÙofo"k;s osQukfi dfFkre~ & ^HkkjrL; izfr"Bs }s laLÑra laLÑfrLrFkk*A
b;a Hkk"kk vrho oSKkfudhA osQpu dFk;fUr ;r~ laLÑreso lÄõ.kdL;Ñrs loksZÙkek Hkk"kkA vL;k% okÄ~e;a osnS%] iqjk.kS%] uhfr'kkL=kS% fpfdRlk'kkL=kkfnfHk'ple¼efLrA dkfynklknhuka fo'odohuka dkO;lkSUn;Ze~ vuqiee~A dkSfVY;jfpre~vFkZ'kkL=ka txfr izfl¼efLrA xf.kr'kkL=ks 'kwU;L; izfriknua loZizFkee~ vk;ZHkV%vdjksr~A fpfdRlk'kkL=ks pjdlqJqr;ks% ;ksxnkua fo'oizfl¼e~A laLÑrs ;kfu vU;kfu'kkL=kkf.k fo|Urs rs"kq okLrq'kkL=ka] jlk;u'kkL=ka] [kxksyfoKkua] T;ksfr"k'kkL=ka]foeku'kkL=ke~ bR;knhfu mYys[kuh;kfuA
laLÑrs fo|ekuk% lwDr;% vH;qn;k; çsj;fUr] ;Fkk &lR;eso t;rs] olq/So oqQVqEcde~] fo|;k¿ere'uqrs] ;ksx%deZlq dkS'kye~ bR;kn;%A loZHkwrs"kq vkReor~ O;ogkja drq±laLÑrHkk"kk lE;o~Q f'k{k;frA
osQpu dFk;fUr ;r~ laLÑrHkk"kk;ka osQoya /kfeZoaQlkfgR;e~ orZrs& ,"kk èkkj.kk lehphuk ukfLrA laLÑrxzUFks"kqekuothouk; fofo/k% fo"k;k% lekfo"Vk% lfUrA egkiq#"kk.kka
=k;ksn'k% ikB%
ve`ra laLÑre~ve`ra laLÑre~ve`ra laLÑre~ve`ra laLÑre~ve`ra laLÑre~ve`ra laLÑre~ve`ra laLÑre~ve`ra laLÑre~ve`ra laLÑre~ve`ra laLÑre~
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#fpjk & f}rh;ks Hkkx%
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efr%] mÙketukuka /fr% lkekU;tukuka thoui¼fr% p of.kZrk% lfUrA vr% vLekfHk%laLÑre~ vo';eso iBuh;e~A rsu euq";L; lektL; p ifj"dkj% Hkosr~A
mDr×p&
vera laLÑra fe=k !
ljla ljya op% A
Hkk"kklq eguh;a ;n~
KkufoKkuiks"kde~ AA
Hkk"ks;e~ (Hkk"kk$b;e~)& ;g Hkk"kk this language
erk & ekuh xbZ gS is accepted
fuf/% & [ktkuk treasure
fopk;Z & fopkj dj considering
okÄ~e;e~ & lkfgR; literature
vuqiee~ & vrqyuh; incomparable
txfr & lalkj esa in the world
jlk;u'kkL=ke~ & jlk;u 'kkL=k chemistry
[kxksyfoKkue~ & vUrfj{kfoKku astronomy
èk`fr% & /S;Z patience
iks"kde~ & leFkZd supporter
'kCnkFkkZ%
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ve`ra laLÑre~
73
1- mPpkj.ka oqQ#r&
miyC/klq lÄõ.kdL;
fpfdRlk'kkL=ke~ oSf'k"V~;e~
Hkwxksy'kkL=ke~ okÄ~e;s
fo|ekuk% vFkZ'kkL=ke~
2- iz'ukuke~ ,dinsu mÙkjkf.k fy[kr&
(d) dk Hkk"kk izkphurek\
([k) 'kwU;L; çfriknua d% vdjksr~\
(x) dkSfVY;su jfpra 'kkL=ka fde~\
(?k) dL;k% Hkk"kk;k% dkO;lkSUn;Ze~ vuqiee~\
(Ä) dk% vH;qn;k; çsj;fUr\
3- iz'ukuke~ mÙkjkf.k ,dokD;su fy[kr&
(d) lX.kdL; Ñrs loksZÙkek Hkk"kk dk\
([k) laLÑrL; okÄ~e;a oSQ% le¼efLr\
(x) laLÑra foaQ f'k{k;fr\
(?k) vLekfHk% laLÑra fdeFk± iBuh;e~ \
vH;kl%
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74
4- bdkjkUr&L=khfyÄõ'kCn:ie~ vf/ÑR; fjDrLFkkukfu iwj;r&
xfr (izFkek) xfr% xrh xr;%
efr (izFkek) -------- -------- er;%
cqf¼ (f}rh;k) cqf¼e~ cq¼h cq¼h%
izhfr (f}rh;k) -------- izhrh --------
uhfr (rrh;k) uhR;k uhfrH;ke~ uhfrfHk%
'kkfUr (rrh;k) -------- -------- 'kkfUrfHk%
efr (prqFkhZ) eR;S@er;s efrH;ke~ efrH;%
izÑfr (prqFkhZ) --------@-------- izÑfrH;ke~ --------
dhfrZ (i×peh) dhR;kZ%@dhrsZ% dhfrZH;ke~ dhfrZH;%
xhfr (i×peh) --------@-------- xhfrH;ke~ --------
lwfDr ("k"Bh) lwDrs%@lwDR;k% lwDR;ks% lwDrhuke~
Ñfr ("k"Bh) --------@-------- -------- Ñrhuke~
/fr (lIreh) /rkS@/R;ke~ /R;ks% /fr"kq
Hkhfr (lIreh) HkhrkS@------- -------- --------
efr (lEcks/u) gs ers! gs erh! gs er;%!
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5- js[kkfÄïrkfu inkfu vf/ÑR; iz'ufuekZ.ka oqQ#r&
(d) laLÑrs KkufoKku;ks% fuf/% lqjf{krks¿fLrA
([k) laLÑreso lÄõ.kdL; Ñrs loksZÙkek Hkk"kkA
(x) 'kY;fØ;k;k% o.kZua laLÑrlkfgR;s vfLrA
(?k) ofj"Bku~ izfr vLekfHk% fiz;a O;ogÙkZO;e~A
6- mnkgj.kkuqlkja inkuka foHkfDra opu×p fy[kr&
inkfu foHkfDr% opue~
;Fkk&laLÑrs% "k"Bh ,dopue~
xfr% -------------- --------------
uhfre~ -------------- --------------
lwDr;% -------------- --------------
'kkUR;k -------------- --------------
izhR;S -------------- --------------
efr"kq -------------- --------------
7- ;Fkk;ksX;a la;ksT; fy[kr&
d [k
dkSfVY;su vH;qn;k; çsj;fUrA
fpfdRlk'kkL=ks KkufoKkuiks"kde~A
'kwU;L; vkfo"drkZ vFkZ'kkL=ka jfpre~A
laLÑre~ pjdlqJqr;ks% ;ksxnkue~A
lwDr;% vk;ZHkV%A
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è;krO;e~
laLÑfr&Lefr&uhfr&lwfDr&ifjfLFkfr&i¼fr&nf"V&èkfr&'kkfUr&izhfr&bR;kn;%'kCnk% efr&'kCnor~ L=khfyX iz;qDrk% HkofUrA
,rs"kka 'kCnkuka prqFkhZ&i×peh&"k"Bh&lIreh&foHkDrhukesdopus }s }s :isHkor%A ;Fkk&xR;S&xr;s] xR;k%&xrs%] xR;ke~&xrkSA
xf.kr'kkL=ke~ & Mathematics; Comprises Arithmetic, Algebra
and Geometry
fpfdRlk'kkL=ke~ & Medical Science (Administering remedies or
medicine)
okLrq'kkL=ke~ & Architecture
jlk;u'kkL=ke~ & Chemistry
T;ksfr"k'kkL=ke~ & Astronomy
foeku'kkL=ke~ & Aeronautics
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