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![Page 1: KIT – University of the State of Baden-Wuerttemberg and National Research Center of the Helmholtz Association INSTITUTE FOR TECHNICAL CHEMISTRY / THERMAL.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062511/5519942d5503463d068b4757/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
KIT – University of the State of Baden-Wuerttemberg and National Research Center of the Helmholtz Association
INSTITUTE FOR TECHNICAL CHEMISTRY / THERMAL WASTE TREATMENT DIVISION
www.kit.edu
Title of transparency: Arial 26pt boldDouble spaced: Arial 22pt bold
Sub-title: Arial 18pt boldSeveral lines possible.
Management ofManagement ofWaste Incineration Waste Incineration
ResiduesResidues
2nd SYNERGIA Forum June 10, 2010, Athens
National Hellenic Research Foundation
J. VehlowInstitute for Technical Chemistry -Thermal Waste Treatment Division
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J. Vehlow INSTITUTE FOR TECHNICAL CHEMISTRY THERMAL WASTE TREATMENT DIVISION
flows of solid masses in a MSWI plant in kg
MSW1000
filter scrubberfurnace / boiler
7 – 152 - 5
150 – 250
20 – 40(dry)
12 – 18(wet withouteffluents)
0,5 - 2(wetwith effluents)
< 0,05
Fe 20 - 50
non Fe 5 - 15
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J. Vehlow INSTITUTE FOR TECHNICAL CHEMISTRY THERMAL WASTE TREATMENT DIVISION
minerals in bottom ash
glass
gehlenite (Ca2Al2SiO7)
iron oxide (Fe3O4)
![Page 4: KIT – University of the State of Baden-Wuerttemberg and National Research Center of the Helmholtz Association INSTITUTE FOR TECHNICAL CHEMISTRY / THERMAL.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062511/5519942d5503463d068b4757/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
J. Vehlow INSTITUTE FOR TECHNICAL CHEMISTRY THERMAL WASTE TREATMENT DIVISION
selected elements in bottom ash and lithosphere
![Page 5: KIT – University of the State of Baden-Wuerttemberg and National Research Center of the Helmholtz Association INSTITUTE FOR TECHNICAL CHEMISTRY / THERMAL.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062511/5519942d5503463d068b4757/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
J. Vehlow INSTITUTE FOR TECHNICAL CHEMISTRY THERMAL WASTE TREATMENT DIVISION
German standards for landfilland utilisation
DIN EN 12457-4
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J. Vehlow INSTITUTE FOR TECHNICAL CHEMISTRY THERMAL WASTE TREATMENT DIVISION
TOC in bottom ash (ASR co-combustion in full scale)
day 1
day 2
day 3
day 4
day 18
day 19
day 20
day 21
0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0
TOC in wt %
![Page 7: KIT – University of the State of Baden-Wuerttemberg and National Research Center of the Helmholtz Association INSTITUTE FOR TECHNICAL CHEMISTRY / THERMAL.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062511/5519942d5503463d068b4757/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
J. Vehlow INSTITUTE FOR TECHNICAL CHEMISTRY THERMAL WASTE TREATMENT DIVISION
PCDD/F in bottom ash (ASR co-combustion in full scale)
day 1
day 2
day 3
day 4
day 18
day 19
day 20
day 21
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8PCDD/F in ng[TE]/kg
![Page 8: KIT – University of the State of Baden-Wuerttemberg and National Research Center of the Helmholtz Association INSTITUTE FOR TECHNICAL CHEMISTRY / THERMAL.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062511/5519942d5503463d068b4757/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
J. Vehlow INSTITUTE FOR TECHNICAL CHEMISTRY THERMAL WASTE TREATMENT DIVISION
PCDD/F in grate ashes between 1985 and 2005
soil
1985 1990 1995 2000 2005
PC
DD
/F i
n n
g(T
E)/
kg
0.1
1.0
10.0
100.0
1000.0
10000.0
![Page 9: KIT – University of the State of Baden-Wuerttemberg and National Research Center of the Helmholtz Association INSTITUTE FOR TECHNICAL CHEMISTRY / THERMAL.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062511/5519942d5503463d068b4757/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
J. Vehlow INSTITUTE FOR TECHNICAL CHEMISTRY THERMAL WASTE TREATMENT DIVISION
DIN EN
12457 - 4
metals
pH influence on heavy metal leaching
3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13
pH
log
(c
on
ce
ntr
ati
on
)
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J. Vehlow INSTITUTE FOR TECHNICAL CHEMISTRY THERMAL WASTE TREATMENT DIVISION
pH reduction by aging
day 1
day 2
day 4
day 18
day 19
day 20
day 21
9 10 11 12 13 14
pH in eluate
fresh aged
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J. Vehlow INSTITUTE FOR TECHNICAL CHEMISTRY THERMAL WASTE TREATMENT DIVISION
pH influence on leaching of Pb
![Page 12: KIT – University of the State of Baden-Wuerttemberg and National Research Center of the Helmholtz Association INSTITUTE FOR TECHNICAL CHEMISTRY / THERMAL.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062511/5519942d5503463d068b4757/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
J. Vehlow INSTITUTE FOR TECHNICAL CHEMISTRY THERMAL WASTE TREATMENT DIVISION
treatment of bottom ash for utilisation (Hamburg)
utilisation
(source: Zwahr 2005)
storage formaturing
beltscale
>10 mm
airclassifier
beltscale
tofurnace
sieve10mm
<10 mm
raw ash
sieve32mm
magneticseparation
eddy currentseparation
ferrousscrap
<32 mm
nonferrousscrap
impactcrusher
magneticseparation
eddy currentseparation
sieve32mm
ferrousscrap
nonferrousscrap
>32 mm
>32 mm
disposal
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J. Vehlow INSTITUTE FOR TECHNICAL CHEMISTRY THERMAL WASTE TREATMENT DIVISION
DEV S4 results of 26 bottom ash samples
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J. Vehlow INSTITUTE FOR TECHNICAL CHEMISTRY THERMAL WASTE TREATMENT DIVISION
DIN EN 38414-4 leaching of various materials
Cr
Ni
Cu
Zn
Pb
0.1 1 10 100results in % of LAGA limit for utilisation
bottom ash rec. concrete gravel
![Page 15: KIT – University of the State of Baden-Wuerttemberg and National Research Center of the Helmholtz Association INSTITUTE FOR TECHNICAL CHEMISTRY / THERMAL.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062511/5519942d5503463d068b4757/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
J. Vehlow INSTITUTE FOR TECHNICAL CHEMISTRY THERMAL WASTE TREATMENT DIVISION
bottom ash treatment for quality improvement
filter APCboiler
• washing• metal separation• sieving• aging• fusion
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J. Vehlow INSTITUTE FOR TECHNICAL CHEMISTRY THERMAL WASTE TREATMENT DIVISION
DEV S4 leaching of treated grate ashes
Ni
Cu
Zn
Pb
0.1 1 10 100results in % of LAGA limit for utilisation
aged sintered fused
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J. Vehlow INSTITUTE FOR TECHNICAL CHEMISTRY THERMAL WASTE TREATMENT DIVISION
bottom ash management in selected EU countries
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J. Vehlow INSTITUTE FOR TECHNICAL CHEMISTRY THERMAL WASTE TREATMENT DIVISION
selected pollutants in bottom and filter ash
PCDD/F
concentration in mg/kg (PCDD/F in ng[TE]/kg)
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J. Vehlow INSTITUTE FOR TECHNICAL CHEMISTRY THERMAL WASTE TREATMENT DIVISION
filter APCboiler
• solidification• stabilisation• vitrification• leaching/sintering• asphalt filler• salt mine backfilling• central storage for future mining
boiler and filter ash management options
• washing• metal separation• sieving• aging• fusion
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J. Vehlow INSTITUTE FOR TECHNICAL CHEMISTRY THERMAL WASTE TREATMENT DIVISION
boiler filt
er
1.
sc
rub
be
r
2.
sc
rub
be
r
Hg recovery
extraction
heavy metal recovery
liquid
extrusion
binder
grate ash+ 3R product
scheme of the 3R Process
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J. Vehlow INSTITUTE FOR TECHNICAL CHEMISTRY THERMAL WASTE TREATMENT DIVISION
conclusions
bottom ashes - can be utilized as building material e.g. in road construction- secondary treatment pays only if a high quality of the
products can be achieved
fly ashes - disposal depends on local conditions - inertisation processes are developed- storage for future mining
gas cleaning strategy- should be selected according to the best residue disposal
option