Slide 1:

Biometrics is the science and technology of measuring and analyzing biological data.Biometrics are automated methods of recognizing a person based on a physiological or behavioral characteristics.

Slide 2:

there are two types of biometrics based on chracteristics, Physiological and Behavioral.face recognition, fingerprints,hand geometry, and retinal scan come under the physiologicalcategory. signature and voice recognition come under behavioral category.

Slide 3:

A one to one comparison of a captured biometric with a stored template to verify that the individual is who he claims to be. In a verification,the user must first enter his or her identityto the biometric system. then it is compared to the one stored in database, it must be a perfect match to gain gain access.

Slide 4:

first we look into the behavioural biometrics.voice recognition is defined as the automated verification of a person�s claimed identity,based on unique characteristics of their voice.Noise reduction algorithms can be employed to improve accuracy, but incorrect application canhave the opposite effect.Voice recognization requires large amount of computer storage, people'svoices can change,and also background noises can interfere.

Slide 5:

the angle at which the pen is heldthe number of times the pen is lifted, the time it takes to write the entire signaturethe pressure exerted by the person while signing, the variations in the speed with which different parts of the signature are written. It can be operated in two different ways: Static: In this mode, users write their signature on paper, digitize it through an optical scanner or a camera, and the biometric system recognizes the signature analyzing its shape. This group is also known as �off-line�.Dynamic: In this mode, users write their signature in a digitizing tablet, which acquires the signature in real time.

Slide 6:

this scan analysis of the unique shape, pattern and positioning of facial features.Passive biometrics and does not require a persons cooperation.Highly complex technology and largely software based.and also uses Up to 128 Eigen vectors are created for each person in order to achieve unmistakable identification. it is considerably more expensive and complex than other

methods, such as passwords, or identification cards.

slide 7

A fingerprint in its narrow sense is an impression left by the friction ridges of a human finger.The major minutia features of fingerprint ridges are ridge ending, bifurcation, and short ridge (or dot). The ridge ending is the point at which a ridge terminates. Bifurcations are points at which a single ridge splits into two ridges. Short ridges (or dots) are ridges which are significantly shorter than the average ridge length on the fingerprint. Minutiae and patterns are very important in the analysis of fingerprints since no two fingers have been shown to be identical.Oldest form of Biometrics,Highly Reliable,Uses distinctive features of fingers,High Security access,Reduce cost,Instance Report.

slide 8:

Hand geometry recognition is the longest implemented biometric type, debuting in the market in the late 1980s. The devices use a simple concept of measuring and recording the length, width, thickness, and surface area of an individual�s hand while guided on a plate. Hand geometry systems use a camera to capture a image of the hand. The hand of the subject is placed on the plate, palm down, and guided by five pegs that sense when the hand is in place. although its not as accurate as retinal scan and fingerprints and less reliable.

slide 9:

It is analyzing the layer of blood vessels situated at the back of the eye.The machine takes around ten seconds to shine a �low intensity coherent light source onto the retina to illuminate the blood vessels.Retinal scanners have several advantages over fingerprinting and voice recognition systems. They do not require as much computer memory as a fingerprint scan, and they are not subject to contamination from dirt or finger misplacement. Unlike voice recognition systems, retinal scanner are not distracted by background noise or changes in voice caused by illness. The main disadvantage of the retinal scanner is that the person has to focus on the scanner from about three inches away. This restriction makes the device difficult for ATM use because a person using a cash machine rarely focuses on one area very long and is never close enough.A new device called an iris scanner may prove more useful for these casual transactions, since the scanning camera can be farther away and only has to scan the pattern of the iris (colored portion) of the eye, a procedure which does not require focusing on the camera. but it can be fooled by wearing lens

conclusion:

Not perfect yet, Missing body part problem.,Decreasing costs and increasing convenience. ,Increasing both privacy and identity security. ,The field of biometrics is evolving. ,Benefit from this technology Technology is growing rapidly, but at the same time security breaches and transactions frauds are also in the increase world over.All agencies including libraries who are in need of security and safety have to adopt biometrics . The next few years you will see just about every thing come with biometric protection. Mobile phones, MP3 players, cars, laptop computers, building access, locker access.Let us hope for safe and secure future.