Kiomars dabbagh use of photovoltaic modules in desert climates

The 2nd Kuwait Electricity Conference & Exhibition, Kuwait March 22-23, 2011SCHOTT Middle East FZE

Use of Photovoltaic modules in desert climates.

Existing cases and potential for new applications.

The 2The 2ndnd Kuwait Electricity Kuwait Electricity Conference & ExhibitionConference & ExhibitionKiomars Dabbagh, Kiomars Dabbagh,

Managing Director,Managing Director,

SCHOTT Middle East FZE, DubaiSCHOTT Middle East FZE, Dubai

SCHOTT Middle East FZE The 2nd Kuwait Electricity Conference & Exhibition, Kuwait March 22-23, 2011

Schott Solar Trailer


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-WHY DO WE NEED RENEWABLES/SOLAR?

-SCHOTT SOLAR, YOUR RELIABLE AND EXPERIENCED PARTNER

-OFF GRID PV APPLICATIONS

-IMMEDIATE MARKET POTENTIAL IN THE GCC: PV DIESEL HYBRID SYSTEMS


Why do we need renewable energies ?

Climate change and rapidly growing economies, particularly in developping countries, have greatly increased the need to use renewable energy resources

Compliance with the terms of the Kyoto Protocol mandate reducing reliance on fossil based fuels to

produce electricity

Germany, amongst other countries, agreed on a binding target to

increase the share of renewable energies in electricity generation to at least 12,5 % by 2010 this target was already met in the middle of 2007 !!

Various economies in the GCC region have already set their own RE targets, or are working on their strategies to set these.


With Concentrated Solar Power

(CSP), electricity demand of the

entire world could be met using

less than 4% of the area of the

Sahara desert

CSP is particularly efficient in

regions with high solar irradiation

and therefore offers very good

options for economic development

in regions of the earth’s sunbelt

Solar energy as a locally available and unlimited raw material

The boxes outlined in red show the solar collector areas that would theoretically be sufficient

to produce enough electrical energy in Concentrated Solar Power plants to meet the

electricity demands of the world, Europe (EU-25) and MENA (Middle East & North Africa)

source: www.desertec.org


Changes in the worldwide energy mix through 2100, global primary consumption

Solar power has the biggest potential in renewable energy

Source: Solarwirtschaft.de, WBGU 2003

Prognosis of the German advisory council on global environmental change

Annual energy consumption [EJ/a]

Other renewables

Solarthermal (only thermal)

Solar electricity (PV and solarthermal power stations)

Wind

Biomass

Hydro

Nuclear

Gas

Coal

Oil


World Global Irradiation Distribution on a horizontal Surface [kWh/m²a]

The daily global irradiation is measured by a network of meteorological stations all over the world

The red areas indicate excellent possibilities for the utilization of solar energy

In sunny areas like the Sahara, the typical yearly global irradiation on one square-meter is about 2200 kWh/m². This is twice the amount of energy compared to locations in Central Europe.


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International technology company, founded 1884 in Jena (Germany), Owner Carl-Zeiss-Foundation

2.26 M Euros sales in 2008/09; 74% exported

Approx. 17,400 employees worldwide

The SOLAR business unit of SCHOTT AG

Optical Industries

Home Tech

Home Appliances Precision Materials

Pharmaceutical Systems Advanced Materials

Flat Glass Electronic Packaging Lighting and Imaging

Solar

Segments and business units of SCHOTT AG


SCHOTT Solar – experience in the manufacturing of solar energy since 1958

Development of receivers (SCHOTT Rohrglas GmbH)Development of receivers (SCHOTT Rohrglas GmbH) Founding of JV RWE SCHOTT SolarFounding of JV RWE SCHOTT Solar

2002

1983 Delivery of glass tubes (SCHOTT Rohrglas GmbH)

to the first solar thermal power plant

1958 Development of solar cells for space travel at AEG

Establishment of a production site for modules in theCzech Republic

2004

100% takeover of RWE SCHOTT Solar2005

Receiver series production begins 2006

Founding of JV Wacker SCHOTT Solar Establishment of thin-film module production in Jena 2007

Development cooperation with ersol Thin Film GmbH Foundation of new sites in Spain and the USA,

expansion of existing sites

2008

1980 Development of thin-film solar cells at MBB (a-Si)

2009 Start of production of CSP receiver and PV modules in the USA


* CSP: Concentrated Solar Power** PV: Photovoltaik

Solar receiver Crystalline silicon module Thin film module

SCHOTT Solar offers high quality components for solar power plants and photovoltaic applications

SCHOTT Solar AG

Solar power plants (CSP*) Photovoltaics (PV**)


SCHOTT InDaX® 225

Target uses

Industry, agriculture,large systems, off-grid

Private consumers, agriculture, industryIndustry, agriculture,

large systems, off-grid

Standard Premium Industrial Building integrated

Private consumers

Name SCHOTT MONO® 180 SCHOTT ASI® 100

Product portfolio Crystalline and thin film standard modules

SCHOTT POLY® 230 SCHOTT POLY® 300

SCHOTT Solar double glass modules: 30 years performance warranty => electrity production costs approx. only 3 €Cent/kWh after the financing period - at least 10 years.


SCHOTT PTR®70 ReceiverThe next generation with new absorber coating

Product Features of the SCHOTT PTR®70 Receiver

Vacuum insulationminimizes heat conduction losses

Durable glass-to-metal sealmaterial combination with matching coefficients of thermal expansion

Anti-reflective coating of the glass tubeensures high transmittance and high abrasion resistance

New absorber coatingachieves emittance ≤ 10% and absorptance ≥ 95%

Improved design of bellowsincreases the aperture length to more than 96%


ASI THRU® Solar Cell Construction

ASITHRU®

-semitransparent

Glass

a-Si/a-Si

Backcontact

TCO

Sun

1μm


ModuleCrystalline

CellWaferIngotSilicon

Module

Glass

Steel

Receiver

Concentratormirror

Trough

InstallationDistributionSystem-

integrationBOS

Collector PlantSolar field

Electricity Generation

Glass

Concentrated Solar Power

Photovoltaic a-SiCell

Business model of SCHOTT Solar –Supply chain of solar power generation


Content:Content:






Railway Signaling Station Telecom Towers


Battery Charge Controller

Solar Generator

48V DC48V DC

AC 230 V 50 Hz

Telecom Station

Battery Block

Inverter / Distribution Panels

Other Loads

AC230 V 50Hz

Aircon Unit

Air-conditioned zone

A Typical set-up ....

By SCHOTT By Partners and Solar System Integrators


General System Structure allowing remote operation management of the telecom sites:

Telecommunication network

BTS

...

via Intranet, DSL, GPRS/UMTS or VPN

via analog, ISDN, GSM and Modem

Internet

1.- site management2.- user management3.- alarm management4.- security5.- reporting6.- online access

1.- site management2.- user management3.- alarm management4.- security5.- reporting6.- online access

BTS

BTS

Access via Internet Browser

Database

Notifications

Data Visualisation


Benefits of replacing Diesel Gensets with Benefits of replacing Diesel Gensets with Solar:Solar:

Life span exceeding 20 years for the modules – most valuable componentNo operating costLow maintenance cost however maintenance very important to ensure proper operation of the systemProven design, performance and reliability


The most important product features of SCHOTT Solar modules

1. Structures front glass: Less reflection, higher efficiency, lower output degradation

7. Non-extruded, torsion resistant aluminum profile frame: Water cannot freeze, while the design offers max structural integrity

6. High-performance adhesion used to permanently apply the laminate to the frame: continous mechanical stability

8. Thermally hardened glass: high mechanical stability

2. Frame profile flattened towards the glass: increased ability for self-cleaning and drainage

9. Cer-doped glass: increased UV resistance

3. Weather-resistant junction box

High Weather Resistance and high mechanical stability is the basis for a long time durability

5. Optimized distance between frame and cell: low shading

4. Optimized cell distances: to protect against stress breakage and for long term stability


Similar applications, including harsh environments, with proven performance:

EGAT – Mae Hong Son (Thailand) 2004

■ 500kWp

■ 1680 pcs ASE-300-DG-FT

■ Ground mounted installation

■ Inverter: 2x 250kVA Sunny Central

■ Battery: 560V / 1200 Ah

Springer Ville, Arizona Desert, 2007

(L.M. Moore & H.N. Post, Prog. Photovolt: Res. Appl. 2008; 16:249-259) 3.51 MWp STC rating

99.7 % availability (5-year average) 1707 kWhAC/kWp (3-year average)

SCH

OTT

ASE

300

DG

Mod

ules

!


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- Growing interest in PV-Diesel Hybrid Systems (PVDH) due to cost reduction by adding PV to Diesel generators in small or large systems- Maintenance costs in PVDH lowered. Depending on location.- Thousands of liters diesel fuel can be saved per day- kWh costs can be reduced down to 0.25 €/kW or lower under the following conditions:

- Realistic Fuel Price (>= 0.8 €/Liter)- High Irradiation Level (>2,000 kWh/m²/year)- Long Lifetimes of PV Components in harsh environment- as well as Long Financing Periods


Rationales for PVDHElectricity Gen costs in DGens: 0.3-0.6 €/kWhElectricity Gen costs in DGens: 0.3-0.6 €/kWh

Sources:Sources:

=> GTZ visit SENELEC Senegal=> GTZ visit SENELEC Senegal

COWI Studies Oman on Rural Diesel gensCOWI Studies Oman on Rural Diesel gens

Analysis and Presentation PV Tarragona: Profitability of PVDHAnalysis and Presentation PV Tarragona: Profitability of PVDH

Rural Electrification Master Plan, Ministry of Energy Kenya (decon)Rural Electrification Master Plan, Ministry of Energy Kenya (decon)

Provided that:Provided that:

1.) Irradiation >= 1,800 kWh/m²/year1.) Irradiation >= 1,800 kWh/m²/year

2.) Diesel fuel price >= 0.75 €/liter2.) Diesel fuel price >= 0.75 €/liter

3.) World market prices modules of 2009/103.) World market prices modules of 2009/10

4.) All solar electricity absorbed by mini-grid (no storage)4.) All solar electricity absorbed by mini-grid (no storage)

5.) Clear off-grid situation: No other solution for remote5.) Clear off-grid situation: No other solution for remote Clinics, schools, telecom, islands, mining areas (with small storage)

Rationale for considering PVDH


Major advantage of a PVDH system for electricity generation

in the GCC region:

Solar Electricity is available when consumption is at its peak: When A/Cs are in use.


Kits PVDH in suitable power regions (product portfolio UNDER CONSIDERATION)

Demand kWh per day

DGen

size

Size PV Solar coverage

System cost€/Wp

(1.80 €/Wp for module)

€/kwh pure DGen

(no PV)

€/kWhthis

system

19,200 kWh 1.000 MVA 1,900 kWp 47 % 3.10 0.31 0.24

7,800 kWh 0.365 MVA 690 kWp 47 % 3.10 0.33 0.26

1,920 kWh 0.100 MVA 190 kWp 49 % 3.10 0.4 0.33

920 kWh 0.050 MVA 99 kWp 49 % 3.10 0.5 0.42

576 kWh 0.030 MVA 61 kWp 50 % 3.10 0.62 0.55

Assumptions: Irradiation 1.890 W/m² (Oman Al Khuwaima) Diesel fuel price: 1 €/liter

Dgen cost (only machine): 0.3 €/VA (1 €/VA total) Installation: 0.31 €/Wp


Mae Hong Mae Hong Son (Thailand):Son (Thailand):

500 kWp PV-Diesel Hybrid System500 kWp PV-Diesel Hybrid System

To save 199.000 litersTo save 199.000 liters

of diesel fuel annuallyof diesel fuel annually

Batteries: 500 kWhBatteries: 500 kWh

Including training of Including training of local operators local operators

Gansu Province (Central China):

Remote rural villages illumination at night:

25 PV-diesel Hybridsystems ,140 kWp total

Diesel Generators: 15 kVA

Batteries: 48 – 120 kWh

90 % night use of solar electricity

Including training of installers

and future operators

Examples for PV-Diesel Hybrid Systems 1/2

1,800 kWh per day

9 to 30 kWh per day


KilimahewaKilimahewa (Benedictinian Mission, Rural Tanzania):(Benedictinian Mission, Rural Tanzania):

28 kWp PV switched to diesel generator28 kWp PV switched to diesel generator

Saving 10.000 liters diesel fuel every yearSaving 10.000 liters diesel fuel every year

Support and installation Support and installation

by local electriciansby local electricians

Battery 237.7 kWhBattery 237.7 kWh

Diesel 31.5 kVADiesel 31.5 kVA

Examples for PV-Diesel Hybrid Systems 2/2

SUNTAINER (for Rural Clinic Tanzania):

4.8 kWp PV @ diesel generator 5 kVA

Battery: 300 Ah/120 Volt (36 kWh)

10 - 20 kWh per day

115 kWh per day


An example of Solar Market Overview in Saudi Arabia

E.g. Locations of DGen‘s

Source: Electr. & Co-Gen. Regulation Authority (ECRA) , Dr. A.M. Al-Ibrahim


There is a lack of regulation in place to assist with the development of a RE/Solar market in the GCC region.

The growing demand for electricity and the lack of a grid system or shortages in many areas = solar opportunities.

We can wait for regulators to create the environment needed for growth .... or seize opportunities that surround us by adopting a creative approach. The choice is ours!


THANK YOU!

Kiomars dabbagh use of photovoltaic modules in desert climates

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