Kinlay Tshering DIRECTOR DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE

Kinlay Tshering DIRECTOR

DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE

22/04/2021Climate Smart Agriculture- Bhutan

Bhutan’s Commitment

22/04/2021Climate Smart Agriculture- Bhutan 3

Bhutan’s Intended Nationally Determined Contributions submitted to the UN Framework for Convention on Climate Change - 2017


Policy•Climate Change Policy of the Kingdom of Bhutan

2020

Objective

•Manage and conserve carbon sink•Manage GHG from Agriculture Sector•Monitor & reduce GHG emission

Mandate

•Management of soils as carbon sink and also as areas for ecosystem-based adaptation

•Management of emissions from agriculture •Enhance resilience of food and biodiversity

Presenter

Presentation Notes

Policy Objective 1: Pursue carbon neutral development 1.1 Manage and conserve the carbon sink in forests and soils to maintain carbon neutral status. 1.3 Manage GHG emissions from agricultural sector in a manner that does not threaten food production while contributing to food and nutritional security. 1.7 Monitor carbon neutral status of Bhutan through annual monitoring of GHG emissions by sectors, and periodic assessment of carbon sink in forests and soils. Management of forest and soils as carbon sinks and also as areas for ecosystem-based adaptation Management of emissions from agriculture and livestock sector Resilience of food, livestock sector and biodiversity

Land Use and Land Cover


Other land use- built-up, meadow, water bodies; Unsuable- landslides,rocky crop, moraine, snow, galciers

Shrubs & scurbs

Unsuable land

Other land use

Agriculture land

Agriculture Land Area ( Ha)

Annual crops 54,102.42

Fallow land 26,758.62

Permanent crop 11,425.89

Farm buildings and farmyards 3,058.21

Pastures and meadows 4,364.94

Forests & woodlands 1,715.87

101,425.96

Climate Change and Food Security

Food Security and Carbon Neutrality

Food Security: Towards SDG 1, 2, 3 ,5 10 & 13

Why Food Security is Important for Bhutan?• Landlocked country• Engaged in agriculture-51%• GDP Share- 15.72 %• Impact from climate • Rural-urban migration • Less than 3% of total land area under

agriculture.• Imports ( 64% rice, 23% maize,21% veg.)

Food Security in National Plan: NKRA 5: Healthy Eco-system EnhancedNKRA 8: Food and Nutrition Ensured

Presenter

Presentation Notes

impact of climate change- water scarcity, windstorms, erratic rainfall, phenological change, pests and diseases rural-urban migration: farm labor shortage

Food Security Status (2019)Food/Crop Self Sufficiency Prod

( MT)Import (MT)

Export ( MT)

Demand ( MT)

Rice 36% 32,467 84,590 25.74 117,031

Maize 77% 46,235 21,764 0 61,896

Vegetables 79% 47,483 11,186 3,681 40,744

Citrus 265% 27,530 112 15,111 7,025

Apple 289% 4,322 166 2,922 700

Potato 175% 43,560 4,910 26,071 20,222

Nutri-cereals 69% 6,038 5,301 1,544 9,796


• 98% have access to food ( National Sufficiency)

Agr

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ture

Sec

tor E

mis

sion


Adapted from: Climate-Smart Agriculture Country Profile1/3 of total emission from agriculture sector ~35%

• Increasing emission from Transport & industry

Temperature and precipitation projection by 2050


Adapted from: CSA, Country Profile , Bhutan ( Ramirez J; Javis A)

1-2oC increase since 2000; Projected increase -2.5-3.5oC by 2050

Presenter

Presentation Notes

Worldclim.data

Climate Change Impacts on Agriculture


Climate Change and Agriculture


53%

43%28%

16%

15%15%

14%

4%

2%1% 1%

Households Facing Challenges for Food SecurityLabour shortage

Crop damage by wildanimalsInsufficient irrigation supplyPest and diseases

Unproductive land

Limited access to market

Shortage of Land

Climate Change Impacts..ctd1. Reduction in agricultural water availability

2. Erratic /excessive rainfall

3. Loss of land & soil fertility


2010: 2000 acres lands, roads and irrigations damaged, affecting 4694 hhs

Climate Change Impacts..ctd


Windstorm

Drought

Presenter

Presentation Notes

In 2008: about 400 hhs affected by windstorm; 1000s acres of maize field damaged, affecting over 300 hhs increasing frequency of hail and windstorms: 5000 acres of agriculture crops were affected in 2010; damaged 342 hhs

Pests and diseases


Citrus greeningTurcicum Leaf Blight

Armyworm GALS

Resultant effect of climate change Impact


Adapted from: CSA country Profile, Bhutan IMPACT model analysis

Temperate fruit crops: 0.8 %Tropical/Sub-tropical fruits: 6.2% Vegetables: 4.9%

Rice: 0.9 % Potato: 5%Maize: (-10.3%)

Presenter

Presentation Notes

Comparison of with and without climate change on net trade and yield

Implementation of Climate Smart Agriculture

Practices


1. Organic Farming


Organice Buckwheat Asparagus Organic fertilizer

• Adopted National Framework for Organic Farming in 2007 • Only 37% of the farmers using agro-chemicals in 19% of the cultivable land• Area under organic farming is over 8323 acre; targeting to achieve 13000 acre

by end of 12 FYP; and 50% of total agricultural land in future.• 8 commodities for export market and 4 for domestics market

• Reduce use of synthetic fertiliser by 30% by end of 12 FYP• Increase use of organic pesticides by 10% and decrease chemical pesticides by

20%• Integrating and improving CSA research programmes

2. Sustainable Land Management


• 50% of the cultivated land in slopes >30%• Annual loss of fertile top soil due to erosion: 29

T/Ha• Implementing Agriculture Land Development

Guidelines (ALDG)- 2017• About 7746 acres brought under SLM

• Increase to about 12000 acre by 2030

3. Climate Smart Irrigation


Sprinkler Irr.

• water harvesting ponds to supply water in water scarce areas ( 212 water harvesting ponds, 15 storage tanks)

• high-efficient mirco irrigatio system ( 1995 acre)• area under command-wetland (40708 acres)• mulching, cover croping, terracing… etc.. to conserve water.• Implementing “Integrated Watershed Management Plan”

4. Protected cultivation


• Increased production using greenhouses- high yield, reduced chemical use, off season production

• Installed more than 3925 GHs

• Vegetables production increased significantly

5. Selection, purification & maintenance of traditional varieties

Local Maize landracesLocal Paddy Landraces

• Reviving traditional crop varieties – paddy, maize, millet, chili, beans• Integrating indigenous /traditional knowldege- climate information,

production cycle, production practices, postharvest management


Heat tolerant maize var.

Screening traditional beans var.

6. Selection of Climate Resilient Vars

Heat tolerant fruits/vegetables

Screening cold tolerant rice var.

7. Climate Smart Pest Management Discontinued calendar spray in apple

Adoption of bait splashing in citrus and discontinued cover spray

Improved trunk borer mgt. in fruits

Capacity building in disease diagnosis

Use of pests tolerant/resistant var.

Integrated cultural control methods

Improved plant quarantine and bio-security measures

Introduced bio-pesticides and use of bio-control

E-pest surveillance system introduced22/04/2021Climate Smart Agriculture- Bhutan 23

Trichoderma culture

Light trap

surveillance

It is a web-portal to generate and disseminate crop advisories of specific location and specific crops using machine learning algorithm

It can be accessed at www.agromet.gov.bt

The advisory is based on the crop information and weather forecast issued by NCHM

2

1

3

Presenter

Presentation Notes

Agromet Program

http://www.agromet.gov.bt/

Real time weather data can be viewed

any time

https://www.wunderground.com/dashboard/pws/ITHIMP1

DAVIS AWS installed in NCOA Yusipang

9. Installation of DAVIS AWS in ARDCs & Government Farms

https://www.wunderground.com/dashboard/pws/ITHIMP1

Policy Priority & Programmesi. Actively taking part in Koronivia Joint Work on Agriculture -

Paris Agreement under UNFCCC.

ii. Implementing 1st Nationally Determined Contribution (2020-25)

-CSA technologies including organic production & water management

iii. Completed drafting “Food Security Low Emission Development Stratgey” - 2025 (short term), 2030 (medium term) & 2050 ( long term)

Focussed area: Increase area under perennial crops; Improve paddy

production; Organic farming/Imporved agricultural practices& Soil nutrient and fertility management


Policy Priority & Programmesiv. Progressing with preperation of 2nd NDC: mitigation and

adpatation

v. Agriculture Development Plan Analsysis- Using CLEWS modeling

vi. 12 FYP- Agriculture sector with CSA programmes

vii. Climate change adaptation projects- GEF & GCF UNDP, EU-RDCCRP, EU-TCP, EU-ITC and WB-FSAAP


Key Challenges and Issues Limited awarenss on climate change impacts on

livelihoods and national economy at all levels.

Limited capacity to execute research to generate CSA technologies and to implement in the field.

Inadequate real-time information on climate & habitat change; limiting contigency plans & adaptation measures.

Inadequate fund to develop infrastructures and institutional building.


Recommendations Develop capacities (HR, infra.) to develop CSA technologies.

Strengthen Agr0meteorological information services.

Increase investment in CS Irrigation, SLM, Protected Cultivation, Production & Promotion of Climate Resilient Crops.

Develop scenarios and models at micro and macro levels.

Include climate change in school/college curriculum and public awareness program.

CSA research system need to be instituted and funded for research and implementation.

Time to time expert consultation to help stakeholders to share CSA challenges, issues and discuss solutions, & collaborations.


Thursday, April 22, 202130

Kinlay Tshering DIRECTOR DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE

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