Kingston, MA Shadow Flicker Study Elizabeth King Wind Analyst Chester Harvey GIS Specialist 256...
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![Page 1: Kingston, MA Shadow Flicker Study Elizabeth King Wind Analyst Chester Harvey GIS Specialist 256 Farrell Farm Rd. Norwich, VT 05055 Ph: 802.649.1511.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062518/56649e445503460f94b38bbe/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Kingston, MAShadow Flicker Study
Elizabeth King Wind Analyst
Chester Harvey GIS Specialist
256 Farrell Farm Rd.Norwich, VT 05055Ph: 802.649.1511
![Page 2: Kingston, MA Shadow Flicker Study Elizabeth King Wind Analyst Chester Harvey GIS Specialist 256 Farrell Farm Rd. Norwich, VT 05055 Ph: 802.649.1511.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062518/56649e445503460f94b38bbe/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
Goals
1. Estimate shadow flicker timeby location
2. Estimate curtailment time required to meet example shadow flicker thresholds
3. Document areas withline-of-sight to turbine(s)
![Page 3: Kingston, MA Shadow Flicker Study Elizabeth King Wind Analyst Chester Harvey GIS Specialist 256 Farrell Farm Rd. Norwich, VT 05055 Ph: 802.649.1511.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062518/56649e445503460f94b38bbe/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
Site Overview• 5 Wind Turbines
• 1083 Receptors within 1.6 km of turbines
![Page 4: Kingston, MA Shadow Flicker Study Elizabeth King Wind Analyst Chester Harvey GIS Specialist 256 Farrell Farm Rd. Norwich, VT 05055 Ph: 802.649.1511.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062518/56649e445503460f94b38bbe/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
Methodology1. Desktop estimate of shadow flicker exposure
– Shadow flicker modeled using WindPRO
• Incorporates GIS terrain model, daily sun pathsbased on latitude, local weather data and wind data
– Receptors identified using aerial images & GIS data
– No tree or building obstacles are accounted for
2. Field documentation of line-of-sight
– Assessed by car from public streets
![Page 5: Kingston, MA Shadow Flicker Study Elizabeth King Wind Analyst Chester Harvey GIS Specialist 256 Farrell Farm Rd. Norwich, VT 05055 Ph: 802.649.1511.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062518/56649e445503460f94b38bbe/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
Flicker Modeling• Theoretical Worst Case
– Maximum possible shadow hours for a given location
– Sun always shining; wind turbines always operating
– Is a step in process for deriving realistic case estimates
• Realistic Case
– Incorporates sunshine probability and likely wind turbine operational hours
• Sunshine data, 61 years – Boston, MA (National Climatic Data Center)
• Wind data, 1 year (July 05 – July 06) – Kingston, MA (UMass Amherst)
![Page 6: Kingston, MA Shadow Flicker Study Elizabeth King Wind Analyst Chester Harvey GIS Specialist 256 Farrell Farm Rd. Norwich, VT 05055 Ph: 802.649.1511.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062518/56649e445503460f94b38bbe/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
Receptors
• 20 meters wide x 10 meters tall
– Intended to simulate the façade of a house
• Each receptor modeled so that it faces perpendicular to each wind turbine in each iteration of analysis (Greenhouse Mode)
![Page 7: Kingston, MA Shadow Flicker Study Elizabeth King Wind Analyst Chester Harvey GIS Specialist 256 Farrell Farm Rd. Norwich, VT 05055 Ph: 802.649.1511.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062518/56649e445503460f94b38bbe/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
Receptors
![Page 8: Kingston, MA Shadow Flicker Study Elizabeth King Wind Analyst Chester Harvey GIS Specialist 256 Farrell Farm Rd. Norwich, VT 05055 Ph: 802.649.1511.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062518/56649e445503460f94b38bbe/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
Receptors
10meters
tall
20 meters wide
Receptor area facing perpendicular to
direct line to turbineReceptor point at bottom-center of modeled receptor area
Shadow modeled on receptor area
1.5 m figure for scale
![Page 9: Kingston, MA Shadow Flicker Study Elizabeth King Wind Analyst Chester Harvey GIS Specialist 256 Farrell Farm Rd. Norwich, VT 05055 Ph: 802.649.1511.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062518/56649e445503460f94b38bbe/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
WindPRO Inputs
9
![Page 10: Kingston, MA Shadow Flicker Study Elizabeth King Wind Analyst Chester Harvey GIS Specialist 256 Farrell Farm Rd. Norwich, VT 05055 Ph: 802.649.1511.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062518/56649e445503460f94b38bbe/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
WindPRO Inputs
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![Page 11: Kingston, MA Shadow Flicker Study Elizabeth King Wind Analyst Chester Harvey GIS Specialist 256 Farrell Farm Rd. Norwich, VT 05055 Ph: 802.649.1511.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062518/56649e445503460f94b38bbe/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
WindPRO Inputs
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![Page 12: Kingston, MA Shadow Flicker Study Elizabeth King Wind Analyst Chester Harvey GIS Specialist 256 Farrell Farm Rd. Norwich, VT 05055 Ph: 802.649.1511.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062518/56649e445503460f94b38bbe/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
WindPRO Inputs
12
![Page 13: Kingston, MA Shadow Flicker Study Elizabeth King Wind Analyst Chester Harvey GIS Specialist 256 Farrell Farm Rd. Norwich, VT 05055 Ph: 802.649.1511.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062518/56649e445503460f94b38bbe/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
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Hours per Yearat 1.5 metersabove ground level
![Page 14: Kingston, MA Shadow Flicker Study Elizabeth King Wind Analyst Chester Harvey GIS Specialist 256 Farrell Farm Rd. Norwich, VT 05055 Ph: 802.649.1511.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062518/56649e445503460f94b38bbe/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
WindPRO Report
![Page 15: Kingston, MA Shadow Flicker Study Elizabeth King Wind Analyst Chester Harvey GIS Specialist 256 Farrell Farm Rd. Norwich, VT 05055 Ph: 802.649.1511.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062518/56649e445503460f94b38bbe/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
WindPRO Report
![Page 16: Kingston, MA Shadow Flicker Study Elizabeth King Wind Analyst Chester Harvey GIS Specialist 256 Farrell Farm Rd. Norwich, VT 05055 Ph: 802.649.1511.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062518/56649e445503460f94b38bbe/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
WindPRO ReportCalendar Graphs
Receptor A Receptor B
![Page 17: Kingston, MA Shadow Flicker Study Elizabeth King Wind Analyst Chester Harvey GIS Specialist 256 Farrell Farm Rd. Norwich, VT 05055 Ph: 802.649.1511.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062518/56649e445503460f94b38bbe/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
WindPRO Report
![Page 18: Kingston, MA Shadow Flicker Study Elizabeth King Wind Analyst Chester Harvey GIS Specialist 256 Farrell Farm Rd. Norwich, VT 05055 Ph: 802.649.1511.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062518/56649e445503460f94b38bbe/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
Flicker Results
Realistic Case
More Than 10 Hours per Year
of Flicker
More Than 30 Hours per Year
of Flicker
More Than 50 Hours per Year
of Flicker
Number of Receptors
Affected189 55 31
Number of Existing
Residential Receptors
Affected
121 38 24
![Page 19: Kingston, MA Shadow Flicker Study Elizabeth King Wind Analyst Chester Harvey GIS Specialist 256 Farrell Farm Rd. Norwich, VT 05055 Ph: 802.649.1511.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062518/56649e445503460f94b38bbe/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
Line-of-Sight Survey
• Assesses line-of-sight to each turbine from public streets within thestudy area
• Accounts for trees and buildings that block line-of-sight to turbines
• Line-of-sight results are not incorporated into modeling results
![Page 20: Kingston, MA Shadow Flicker Study Elizabeth King Wind Analyst Chester Harvey GIS Specialist 256 Farrell Farm Rd. Norwich, VT 05055 Ph: 802.649.1511.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062518/56649e445503460f94b38bbe/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
![Page 21: Kingston, MA Shadow Flicker Study Elizabeth King Wind Analyst Chester Harvey GIS Specialist 256 Farrell Farm Rd. Norwich, VT 05055 Ph: 802.649.1511.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062518/56649e445503460f94b38bbe/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
Photo 27
![Page 22: Kingston, MA Shadow Flicker Study Elizabeth King Wind Analyst Chester Harvey GIS Specialist 256 Farrell Farm Rd. Norwich, VT 05055 Ph: 802.649.1511.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062518/56649e445503460f94b38bbe/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
Curtailment Analysis
• Only receptors for existing residential structures are included
• Accounts for coincident flicker across multiple receptors
![Page 23: Kingston, MA Shadow Flicker Study Elizabeth King Wind Analyst Chester Harvey GIS Specialist 256 Farrell Farm Rd. Norwich, VT 05055 Ph: 802.649.1511.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062518/56649e445503460f94b38bbe/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
Curtailment ResultsRealistic Case Theoretical Worst Case
Estimated Curtailment Required for 10 hrs of
Flicker Per Year(h/yr)
Estimated Curtailment Required for Maximum
30 hrs of Flicker Per Year(h/yr)
NFF West(Gamesa 1)
94 286
NFF Southeast(Gamesa 2)
47 140
NFF North (Gamesa 3)
107 326
KWI (Hyundai)
126 366
MBTA (Northern Power)
6 14