Kingdom of Morocco - Office National des … of Morocco Against...Fes Essaouira Semi-Humide The...

1November 2009

Kingdom of Morocco

Summary

Extracts of the speeches of His Majesty King Mohammed VI 4

Strategy of Morocco concerning climate change 7

The national situation with respect to the climate and climate change 8

National Plan against global warming : a governance tool 11

Mitigation 13

Energy ................................................................................................................................................................................................................. 14

Transport ............................................................................................................................................................................................................ 16

Industry ............................................................................................................................................................................................................. 18

Waste ................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 19

Agriculture and forest ...................................................................................................................................................................................... 20

Construction, Housing and Urban Development ............................................................................................................................ 21

Adaptation 23 Meteorology ......................................................................................................................................................................... 23

Water ................................................................................................................................................................................... 24

Agriculture ......................................................................................................................................................................................................... 26

Forest, biodiversity and the fight against desertification....................................................................................................... 27

Fisheries and Coastal........................................................................................................................................................... 28

Habitat and Urbanism ................................................................................................................................................................................ 29

Health .................................................................................................................................................................................. 30

Tourism .................................................................................................................................................................................... 31

Transverse measures 33 INDH .................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 33

Governance ..................................................................................................................................................................................................... 34

5

Message of His Majesty King Mohammed VIto participants of the International Meeting on

« ClIMaTE CHaNgE : CHallENgES aNd ProSPECTS for MoroCCo »organized by the royal Institute for Strategic Studies

in rabat, october 16, 2009

«Morocco, like all countries in the world suffers the effects of climate change with the charac-teristics that give its geographical position and characteristics of its ecosystem.

Our country has from the beginning, shared with the international community’s strong belief to act, following the universal consciousness … »

«…to attempt on exploring ways and means to formulate approaches for adaptation in the short term… to analyze the reorientations necessary for our modes of production, our methods of action, our programs and our development projects to prepare the future on scientifically proven bases. »

«The real challenge lies in the ability to find the right balance between development requirements and the desire to reduce greenhouse gases emissions and ensure a rational exploitation of natural resources. Hence the need to foster a dynamic growth of green and adopting appropriate metrics.»

«…these strategies can not be limited to technical solutions, but they require also a strong commitment to ownership of this national ambition by all citizens. Sustainable development, guaranteeing the sustainability of social progress and solidarity between generations, must meet the dual requirement of spatial solidarity and social solidarity. »

National Plan against global warming

National Plan against global warmingNational Plan against global warming

7

Strategy of Morocco on climate changeThe Kingdom of Morocco is firmly committed, under the leadership of His Majesty King Mo-hammed VI, may God assist him, on the road to sustainable development.

In addition to national priorities such as eradication of poverty, the deployment of basic servi-ces for all Moroccans, job creation and economic growth, environmental protection and preser-vation of environment and natural resources are included in government policy.

As such, Morocco will continue to support the efforts of the international community to address the climate challenge.

Morocco has indeed signed the Convention United Nations Framework on Climate Change in 1992 and ratified it in 1995. He also hosted in 2001 in Marrakech, the Seventh Conference of Par-ties, « COP 7 », which made operating the Kyoto Protocol. It has ratified the Protocol in 2002.

In the negotiations under the Convention and Protocol, Morocco belongs to the group « Africa » as an african country and the Group « G77 plus China » as a developing country. It contributes to the positioning of these groups. It is low emitter of greenhouse gases emissions, but it is strongly impacted by climate change.

Morocco’s strategy in the fight against climate change is guided by two principles.

On one hand, address the causes of climate change, Morocco intends to separate its economic growth and its greenhouse gas emissions. He is convinced that the implementation of a policy to mitigate climate change by reducing greenhouse gas emissions can contribute to its overall development, including by the introduction of clean technologies.

On the other hand, face the consequences of climate change, Morocco intends to preserve its territory and its civilization in the most appropriate way, by responding effectively to the vul-nerabilities of its territory and anticipating an adaptation policy that prepares all its population and its economic actors to address these vulnerabilities.

To carry out these policies, Morocco intends to make inventories of their financing needs on the one hand and strengthening its capabilities on the other.

With the National Plan against global warming, Morocco set up an ongoing process of mana-gement of these policies that allows it to grow significantly and provide guarantees of good governance to its international donors.



8

Period of 1961-1970 Period of 1991-2000

Tanger

KenitraRabat

Casablanca

Marrakech

Ouarzazate

TazaMeknès

Midelt

Ifrane

Fes

Safi

Essaouira

Agadir

Humide

Semi-Humide

Semi-Aride

Aride

Oujda

Tanger

KenitraRabat

Casablanca

Marrakech

Ouarzazate

Taza

Oujda

Meknès

Midelt

Ifrane

Fes

Safi

Essaouira

Agadir

Humide

Semi-Humide

Semi-Aride

Aride

Aridity index of De Martoone Aridity index of De Martoone

Tanger

KenitraRabat

Casablanca

Marrakech

Ouarzazate

TazaMeknès

Midelt

Ifrane

Fes

Safi

Essaouira

Agadir

Humide

Semi-Humide

Semi-Aride

Aride

Oujda

Tanger

KenitraRabat

Casablanca

Marrakech

Ouarzazate

Taza

Oujda

Meknès

Midelt

Ifrane

Fes

Safi

Essaouira

Agadir

Humide

Semi-Humide

Semi-Aride

Aride

Aridity index of De Martoone Aridity index of De Martoone

The national situation with respect to the climate and to climate changeThe Kingdom of Morocco has a population census to 29.7 million in 2004 and estimated at 31.6 million in 2009.

Lying in latitude, it has a large double and coastline, with 3,500 km of coastline. The mountainous area is wide and rises to over 4000m in the Atlas.

The country lies between two climatic zones, north temperate and tropical south, which allows to distinguish four types of climate: humid, subhumid, semiarid and arid.

Precipitation varies from more than 2m a year on mountains in northern countries to less than 25mm per year in the desert plains of the South.

The vulnerabilities are natural water stress, the fragility of the vegetation, desertification and seismicity.

Emissions of greenhouse gases are estimated at :

54.6 million ton-equivalent CO2 in 1999 ; • 63.4 million ton-equivalent CO2 in 2000, representing 2.1 ton-equivalent CO2 per inhabi-• tant and per year ;

75 million ton-equivalent CO2 in 2004, representing 2.5 ton-equivalent CO2 per inhabitant • and per year.

The climatic observations over the last decades attest progression of the semi-arid cli-mate towards the North of the country.

9


Moreover, climate projections provide throughout the twenty-first century a worsening situation, as shown by the following maps of temperature and precipitation compared to the period 1961-1990.

An increased frequency of droughts in southern and eastern countries and of thunders-torms in the Atlas, and a reduction in the duration of snow in the Atlas are also planned.

The most important impacts of climate change concern the reduction of water resources and the worsening desertification, the agricultural process, with reductions in cereal crops and disappearance of some cultures, the disappearance of the biodiversity and the rising sea level.

Period of 2041-2070

Period of 2041-2070

Period of 2071-2099

Period of 2071-2099

Stations

0 - 11 - 22 - 3 3 - 44 - 5>=5

Stations

-60 - -40-80 - -60

-40 - -20-20 - -10 -10 - -5-5 - 0>=0

Stations

0 - 11 - 22 - 3 3 - 44 - 5>=5

Stations

-60 - -40-80 - -60

-40 - -20-20 - -10 -10 - -5-5 - 0>=0

11

The National Plan against global warming : a governance tool In compliance with the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change, Morocco has developed the Initial National Communication in 2001 and the Second National Communication in 2009. In these communications, many adaptation and mitigation projects has been studied.

In addition, many national planifications have already committed the country to a policy against climate change and, in the context of international negotiations on post-Kyoto, it became impor-tant for Morocco to indicate the steps He takes voluntarily for mitigation measures and that He has already launched or planned for adaptation measures.

As a result, this National Plan against global warming (PNRC) identifies the portfolio of government actions undertaken to fight against climate change.

The purpose of this portfolio is :

firstly to allow visibility and communication on these government actions, •

secondly to initialize and optimize the interdepartmental steering necessary for these actions. •

With this plan, the Department of the Environment may stimulate all sectors in the fight against climate change and provide any necessary interdepartmental agreements to the achievement of the actions.

Furthermore, this Plan will also be used to launch a dynamic of territorial fight against climate change, using Local Plans against global warming (PTRC).

The National Plan against Global Warming is divided into three parts which are presented below :

mitigation measures, •

adaptation measures, •

transverse measures. •


13

Mitigation The causes of climate change reside at 90% in the emission of greenhouse gases (GHG), as was established in 2007 by the Fourth Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC).

The mitigation measures for climate change are, therefore, in reducing GHG emissions.

Since GHG emissions are largely linked to fossil fuels consumption, mitigation measures are essentially measures for energy efficiency and renewable energy.

The mitigation measures in Morocco are concerning the following sectors : energy, transport, industry, waste, agriculture, forestry, construction. They basically rely on the Energy Strategy launched in 2008.

They are presented in the following pages in a summary for each Department in charge of each sector.

The total mitigation potential of these measures was evaluated to 52.9 million ton-equivalent CO2 per annum by 2030.

The Department of the Environment controls, for its part, the following mitigation measures :

Promotion of Clean Development Mechanism established under the Kyoto Protocol ; •

Incentives to carry out GHG emissions inventories, in particular to aim the taxation of • these emissions ;

Draft green taxation for electrical equipment and for energy efficiency in existing buildings. •


14


Energy The Department of Energy and Mines plays a leading role in several mitigation measures in terms of electricity production or consumption, that are part of the National Energy Strategy launched in 2008 (SE 2008) and of the associated action programme, the National priority Action Plan (PNAP). Renewable energy will constitute 10 to 12% of primary energy in 2020 and 15 to 20% in 2030.

Ener

gy P

rodu

ctio

n

Measure Expiries mitigation power kteCo2/year

Installation of Micro hydroelectric power plants, 3 MW each and total capacity 300 MW

started in 2009100 plants by 2030

715

Installation of Hydroelectric power plants for 40 MW (Tanafnit El Borj)

launching 2009 -startup 2013

171

Development of solar power plants for 2 000 MW at 5 sites

Startups in 2015-2020 3 700

Promotion of solar thermics : 40 000 m2/year 440 000 m2 of solar water heaters in 2012,1 700 000 m2 in 2020

232

Development of the national wind power plants for 5 000 MW (program Energipro)

1 000 MW in 2012,5 000 MW by 2030

9 250

Installation of combined heat and power plants for 870 MW

Tahaddart in service in 2005- Ain Beni Mathar startupin 2009-2010

4 038

Improvement of the efficiency of power plants by optimization of maintenance

2009 - 2011 evaluatioin in progress

Use of clean technologies for the coal power plants at Jorf Lasfar and Safi

included in the studies of these power plants

evaluation in progress

Natural gas project to be studied in 2010 – target : 20% natural gas in national primary energy in 2020

6 421

Nuclear power plant project (2 x 1 000 MW) planned by 2020-2030 14 968

15

National Plan against global warmingo

f ene

rgy

Cons

umpt

ion

Measure Expiries Mitigation power kteCo2/year

Optimization of public lighting started in 2008 evaluation in progress

Adoption of the summer-time over 6 months Tests on 2 to 3 months in 2008 and 2009, saving 80 MW in 2009

0,2

National media campaign to raise public awareness about energy saving

started in 2009 evaluation in progress of

Distribution of 22.7 million Lamps with low consumption (LBC) for Households by 2012

2008 - 2012 490

Labeling equipment like refrigerators and air-conditioners

under investigation 779

Improvement of the systems for energy counting and invoicing

under investigation evaluation in progress

Obligation for the energy salesmen to induce consumers energy saving , with energy certificates

under investigation evaluation in progress

16


TransportMitigation in the transport sector concerns three levels, namely the means of transport, their management and their fuel.

Concerning fuels, the Department of Energy and Mines generalized, in 2009, the use of 50 ppm Diesel and unleaded petrol.

The Ministry of Equipment and Transport (MET) is responsible of the two other levels with other entities : Ministry of Interior (MI), Ministry of Industry and Commerce (MIC), Ministry of Economy and Finance (MEF), Ministry of Housing, Urbanism and Spatial Planning (MHUAE).

Type

s of

tran

spor

t

Measure Expiries Pilot entity Mitigation power kteCo2/year

Introduction of the Euro pollutant emissions standards for vehicles and labeling new vehicles

2010 - 2012 MIC- MET- MEF evaluation in progress

Strengthening technical control forvehicles in circulation by the “Centres de visite technique”

2008 - 2012 MET 54

Premium for replacement of vehicules, to aim the renewal of fleets (taxis, road transport of goods)

2008 - 2010 MET 501

Promotion and development of railway (Tangier-Casablanca TGV and Electrification Fez-Oujda)

under investigation

MIMET

in progressof evaluation

Urban transport projects, like in Casablanca 2009 - 2014 MET 880

Startup of the Tramway in Rabat 2010 MIAgency for Development of the Bouregreg Valley

119

Improvement of the fleets of vehicles of the Administrations, to promote an exemplary State

with launching

All Ministries 53

Development of the use of the bicycle downtown

with launching

MI general delegation with the local communities

evaluation in progress

17

National Plan against global warmingtr

ansp

ort o

f Mea

ns m

anag

emen

t

Measure Expiries Pilot entity Mitigation power kteCo2/year

Training program on eco-driving for professional drivers

2008-2010 MET 37

Study of optimization of logistics goods, by placing a network of national multimodal platforms

launched in 2009

MET evaluation in progress

Implementation of urban and interurban mobility plans , in coherence with the plans of communal installations

in progress MIMHUAE

77

Projects of mobility plans for companies and administrations

under investigation

Companies and Ministries

15

Projects of mobility plans for schools under investigation

MI 6

Project of speed limit on highways and trunk roads

under investigation

MET 104

18


IndustryThe notice board below brings together the measures taken by several companies and public institutions either for their energy or for their processes, in order to reduce gas emissions.

Ener

gy e

nerg

y um

ptio

n

Measure Expiries Mitigation powerkteCo2/year

OCP, Cherifien Office Of Phosphates - Installation of system of energy recuperation on 4 sites

planned in 2009 343

Cellulose of Morocco - Substitution of the biomass - wood instead of the fuel n°2

planned in 2012

17

Regional offices of Agricultural Development - Wind energy :Park of 20 MW

2013 55

Cements of Morocco - Wind energy : Park of 20 MW planned in 2011-2012

55

Lafarge Morocco - Wind energy : Park of 10 MW carried out, study of extension to 32 MW

planned in 2011-2012

88

ONEP, National office of Drinking Water - Wind-energy for desalination of sea water : 10 MW

Startup 2011 17

ONCF, National office of Railroads - Wind energy for the power supply

2011 137

ONDA, National office of the airports - Wind energy for the power supply

2010-2015 27

OCP, Cherifien Office Of Phosphates - Phosphate Pipeline between Khouribga and the ports of Safi and Jorf Lasfar

startup 2012 974

Development of energy efficiency in industry, by partnerships with the Development Center of Renewable Energies (CDER)

started in 2009 581

Realization of energy audits in industry Start in 2009 evaluation in progress

Control energy performances of the industrial great projects with launching evaluation in progress

Incentives by the Department of the Environment towards industry, to recover and develop the heat emitted by the industrial processes

with launching evaluation in progress

19


Measure Expiries Potentialof attenuationkteCo2/year

Project of the Department of the Environment with the Professional Association of the Cement manufacturers, for the use of the fly-ashes coming from thermo plants in the cement process

2010 40

Project of the Department of the Environment with the General Confederation of the Companies of Morocco, for the increase in the recycling of plastics PVC

2010 8

Project of the Department of the Environment with the Federation of Chemistry and Para-chemistry for the Recycling of glass

2010 2

Project of the Department of the Environment with the Craft Industry, for the reconversion of craftmen furnaces with gas in Fes and Oujla

2009 evaluation in progress

Project about reduction of the fluorinated gas emissions from the air-conditioners

with launching evaluation in progress

WasteThe measures in this area are carried out both by the Ministry of Interior, regarding measures taken mainly by local authorities, and the Department of Environment.

Measure Expiries Potential of attenuationkteCo2/year

Rehabilitation of the non controlled waste areas and Valorization of their methane emissions according to the National plan of household waste PNDM

2008-2023 284

Valorization of the methane emissions of the controlled waste areas, according to the PNDM

2008-2023 3 507

Valorization of the gas emissions coming from the stations of treatment of waste water, according to the national plan of liquid cleansing PNA

treatment of 80% and90% of waste water,respectively from here at 2020 and 2030

336

20


agricultureThe the Ministry of Agriculture and Maritime Fishing acts against certain GHG diffuse emissions due to the agricultural activity.


Reinforcement of the olive-growing afforestation programme by the Olive-growing National plan

500000 ha on 2011 - 2019

110

Improving the efficiency of agricultural land 2010 2 025

Recovery of the methane of the manure and valorization of the animal manure into alternate fuel, for 10% of the livestock in 5 years

2010 17

Environmental certification for the agricultural installations with launching evaluation in progress

Improvement of the energy performances for the farm equipments with launching evaluation in progress

Treatment of the margines resulting from the trituration of olives 2012 1

forestThe High Commission of Forestry and Desertification Control ensures the preservation of forests which are carbon sinks.


Reforestation - afforestation according to the Reforestation Plan (PDR), adopted in 1994, which plans the reforestation of 50 000 ha / year until 2013, of 1 million hectares by 2030

2030 209

Implementation of a green tax for reforestation with launching 4 kte CO2/an

Fire protection for forest according to of the Prevention and Fire controlplan (PDCI) adopted in 2003

permanent pour 1 000 ha evaluation in progress

Promotion for wood industry with launching evaluation in progress

21


Construction, Housing and Urban development The new strategy of the Ministry of Housing, Urbanism and Spatial Planning (MHUAE), aims at promoting energy efficiency and renewable energy in buildings, in programs of development of new towns and major urban complexes, and at encouraging « green » investments. Energy effi-ciency and renewables activities are part of the partnership with the Department of Energy and Mines. The main measures are listed below.

Annual training session for architects on bioclimatic architecture and eco-design•

Promotion, for demonstration, of a prototype construction of bioclimatic building • conducted by the National School of Architecture

Development of technical standards on the thermal performance of building mate-• rials and on the concept of sustainable buildings

Development of construction regulatory code, including quality, safety and durabi-• lity of materials and construction processes

development of a guide for best practices in energy efficiency and renewable energy • in urban planning and housing (2010)

For existing buildings, settlings of measures and minimum requirements for improving • their energy quality ; and development of « energy performance diagnosis » for housing

For state buildings, schools and hospitals, development of energy efficiency and re-• newable energy (launched in 2008 by instruction from the Prime Minister) ; energy audits and compliance with the minimum energy efficiency

For public administrations and institutions operating in cities and new urban areas, • development of specifications for energy efficiency criteria

To design new cities and new urban areas, implementation of principles for saving • energy and for limiting urban sprawl

Creation of a new housing program in rural areas with the construction of ecological • villages using energy efficiency and renewable energy

Incentives for the development of « green plans » and « plans for ecological zone » aiming • protection and enhancement of urban spaces

Guidance to the State Properties Group Al Omrane for the implementation of green • spaces programs, and energy saving in buildings and in public lighting

23

adaptationAdaptation measures in Morocco are concerning mainly the following sectors : meteorology, water, agriculture, forestry and the fight against desertification, fisheries and coasts, land use, health and tourism.

They basically rely on Strategy for Water launched in 2009 and on some elements of the « Plan Maroc Vert » launched in 2009 for agriculture.

MeteorologyIn transverse contribution to the problem of adaptation, and in response to climate projec-tions of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), the Directorate of National Meteorology has developed three-year plans and works in 2010-2012 triennial plan on the following actions :

the strengthening of human and technical capacities for the development of the early warning • system about severe weather events (floods, heat waves and cold, etc...), by the strengthening of the ground and altitude observation network as well as of the means of remote sensing (radar, satellite, lightning), and by the development of numerical weather prediction models in very short time and with very high resolution (budget of 335 million dirhams) ;

the development of an information system dedicated to vigilance and climate warning for • extreme events, easily searchable by all sectoral stakeholders (budget of 19.2 million dirhams) ;

research on the climate change in the country by strengthening human and technical capa-• cities about observation and climate monitoring, and about climate medium term predic-tion and longer-term prediction (budget 30 million dirhams) ;

development of studies about climatic risks at regional and local levels and satisfaction of • user demand at these levels (budget of 3 million dirhams) ;

assistance in each sector, at its request, in making available data on climate projections, so • that each sector to assess its vulnerability to climate change, developing adaptation strate-gies and refine accordingly its definition of adaptation (according to the project budget).


24


WaterThe Department of Water is implementing several measures that are part of the National Strategy for Water published in 2009. These measures, whose implementation is spread over the period 2010-2030, are detailed below by purpose.

Risk prevention

Strengthening of the National Plan of protection against flooding, which aim 20 protected • sites by year, either by structural measures such as dikes, dams or thresholds, or by non-structural measures such as telemetry systems for the announcement and flood warnings, the delineation of floodplains and the development of alert plans and emergency

Development of the management of the droughts by hydraulic basin and the associated • emergency plans, over the period 2010-2012

Saving of drinking water and industrial water

Education and public awareness about water conservation in conjunction with the National • office of Drinking water (ONEP) and the water supply distributors.

Fight against misuse of water through the creation of vigilance committees, through the • installation of individual meters, or by revising the tariff system, in cooperation with ONEP and the Ministry of Interior

Fight against losses in the distribution of drinking water, in cooperation with ONEP and the • Ministry of Interior, for a yield target of 80%

Consideration of best practices water efficiency in building standards, in cooperation with • the Department of Housing

Investments in water saving in industry and incentives for water recycling •

These measures are expected to save 120 million m3 of water per year with an investment of 6 billion dirhams.

Water saving in agriculture

Generalization of drop irrigation techniques, in the goal of a conversion rate of 40,000 ha • per year until 2030

Improvement of the outputs of the networks of adduction towards the irrigated perimeters • Promotion of participatory irrigation management by involving local associations and • regional services

Tariff readjustment of the irrigation water by adoption of a tariffing based on a • volumetric counting

Guidance and awareness of farmers for the adoption of modern irrigation techniques and • water saving

25


These measures, undertaken in cooperation with the Department of Agriculture, are expected to save 2.4 billion m3 of water per year with an investment of 26 billion dirhams.

Hydraulic infrastructures

Creation of dams (59 dams over the period 2008 to 2030 and 1 thousand small and medium • dams by 2030)

Adaptation of the management tools for dams to the climate change like strong precipitations • Reinforcement of the maintenance for existing hydraulic infrastructures and the intercon-• nections of the hydraulic systems

Water transfer from North to South to sustain the socio-economic development in valleys • like Bouregreg, Oum Er Rbia and of Tensift (1st phase : 400 m3/year starting from Sebou, 2nd phase : 400 m3/year starting from Loukkos-Laou - period 2011-2030)

Program for watershed protection in dams upstream, in cooperation with the Department • of Agriculture, by 2030

Program for groundwater protection and recharge on the period 2009-2015 • Program for safeguard of sources, by 2020 • Program for protection of wetlands and natural lakes, by 2020 •

Mobilization of nonconventional water resources

Development of desalination plants for sea water using solar or wind power and producing • 400 million m3 per year, depending on the results of planning studies underway by various stakeholders (achievements in Laayoune and Agadir in 2009, new plants by 2030 : Tiznit, Sidi Ifni, Chtouka, Essaouira, Safi, El Jadida, Casablanca, Al Hoceima and Saidia; deminerali-zation of brackish waters in Bou Areg & Sahel)

Reuse of wastewater, with a potential of 300 million m• 3 per year to 2030

Projects for collection of rainwater, with launching over the period 2010-2030•

Concerning certain institutional aspects:Reinforcement of the Agencies of Hydraulic Basin responsibility in the management of • groundwater and implementation of contracts for groundwater

Auditing of the legal situation of the Hydraulic Public domain and improvement of the • procedures for granting the authorizations of its use, from here at 2012

Strengthening the role of water policy by strengthening the monitoring and sanctions, • especially in cases of overexploitation of groundwater

26


AgricultureSome adaptation measures are controlled by the Directions of the Ministry of Agriculture and Maritime Fishing in relation with the National Institute of Agronomic Research (INRA) :

Evaluation of the impact of the climate changes on the agricultural productions • Reinforcement of the adaptive capacity of the rural populations vulnerable to the climate • change through the identification and the development of technical, institutional options and suitable policies Development of a national forecast system for the agricultural production and develop-• ment of an agricultural system of warning Creation of the varieties of common wheat which are resistant to drought and to diseases • and parasites Improvement of the productivity and the durability of the farming systems by the applica-• tion and the adaptation of direct drilling technics in semi-arid zones Development of the cactus plant by breeding, by improved cultivation techniques and by re-• search of agro-industrial opportunities, in order to fight against desertification and poverty Evaluation of the impact of collecting rainwater on plant production, land cover and biodi-• versity in arid zone of the East

Some other measures are carried out by the Ministry for Agriculture and Maritime fishing within the framework of the implementation of the « Plan Maroc Vert » launched in 2009, by 2020 :

Changes in agricultural practices• Recasting of the traditional agricultural calendar ο

Use of selected seeds and choice of varieties adapted to the climate ο

Reconversion and repositioning of the cultures ο

Modifications of the strategies of irrigation• Implementation of the complementary irrigation for the raincultures ο

Intensification of the irrigation for the irrigated cultures ο

Developpement of techniques to optimize irrigation ο

Legislative measures• Measures to improve land tenure of agricultural land ο

Incentives and subsidies for skilled farmers who apply rationalization of water use, ο

improved agricultural practices and use of modern technologiesReorganization of the various stakeholders in the sector of water for agriculture ο

(organizations of control, research departments and business firms)

Accompanying measures• Training and awareness campaigns for farmers about adaptation techniques ο

Reinforcment of the transfer of the results of the agronomic research into the agricultural ο

practices

27


forest, biodiversity and the fight against desertificationThe High Commission of Forestry and Desertification Control leads several adaptation measures in its various areas of responsibilities.

Forest• The Reforestation Plan (PDR) and the National Strategy for control and monitoring of forest health, adopted in 2009 over 15 years, are planning the following actions, in collaboration with the Forestry Research Center :

afforestation with autochtones species, ο

introduction of new species resistant to the drought, ο

monitoring of forest vitality, ο

analyzes and tests of forestry species. ο

Protection against soil erosion and fight against desertification • The implementation of the National Action Plan of Fight against Desertification (PANLCD), adopted in 2001 to 20 years, and that of its system of monitoring and evaluation both contri-bute to adaptation to climate change. It is complemented by the establishment of an Early Warning System for Drought.

A project of planting one million date palms is launched by 2015 in the oasis Tafilalet (budget of 1.25 billion dirhams). By 2030, this project has set targets for the protection of palm groves, the recovery and rehabilitation of oasis by planting 2.9 million palm trees (total budget of 3.23 billion dirhams).

Biodiversity• The implementation of the National Strategy for Biodiversity is monitoring the resilience of species and protection of endangered species.

Hunting• The reorganization and changes in hunting practices following the migration of species due to climate change are being studied.

28


fisheries and CoastalThe the Ministry of Agriculture and Maritime Fishing launched in 2009 « Halieutis Plan 2020 » which aims to ensure the sustainability of the resource and improve performance and competitiveness.

In this context, the National Institute for Fisheries Research (INRH) is working on measures concerning the vulnerability and adaptation to climate change for the sector of Fishing :

Assessment of impacts of climate change on the distribution and abundance of marine species, • particularly species of harvested fish (ongoing program of INRH for monitoring species) ;

Study the impacts of climate change on the structure and functioning of ecosystems (research • program of the INRH launched over the period 1994-1999 and again since 2003) ;

Study of reorganization or modification of fishing practices due to changes in species dyna-• mics (ongoing program of the INRH to submit proposals to the Ministry of Fisheries about development of fishing practices).

Note that for adaptation measures on the coast, a law is proposed to clarify the responsibilities of different authorities operating on the coast.

This law should enable the implementation of integrated management of coastal zones and their adaptation to rising sea level :

by building dikes or other protective structures, •

either by accommodation to the rising waters, •

either by abandoning the use of certain coastal zones. •

Furthermore, the Ministry of Housing, Urbanism and Spatial Planning makes a full audit of the moroccan coast (2007-2010) aiming to set a strategy of integrated management of this area according to its vulnerability to the effects of global warming.

29


Housing and UrbanismThe Ministry of Housing, Urbanism and Spatial Planning (MHUAE) adopts a territorial approach based on bottom-up participation, awareness and training of players. Many adaptation actions are carried out by considering sustainable development as a vehicle for social solidarity and space, in cooperation with several other Ministries, as follows.

Acceleration of the national program « cities without slums » to improve the living condi-• tions of affected populations and to cope with the increased frequency of flooding

Implementation of programs to relocate people whose homes are located in major hazard • sites and threatened by floods

Implementation of a rehabilitation program for ksours, Kasbah and medina threatened by • the intensity of rainfall

Bill Code Planning integrating sustainability, protection of natural areas and prevention of • flood risk in urban master plans and plans for municipal facilities

Consideration of vulnerability maps in the examination of investment projects and • in urban extensions

Development in new towns recovery systems of rainwater and treatment systems and was-• tewater reuse on site

Implementation of programs for sustainable development of oases, such as Tafilalet (2006-• 2011), Draa (2009-2012), and funding for the program Guelmim-Tata-Assag-Zag (2009-2011), programs including the fight against desertification and silting, and the preservation of natural resources

Implementation of integrated projects for sustainable development of the Middle Atlas • mountain (valley Moulouya Atlas and Middle East, 2009-2011) and the High Atlas (2009-2012), including the fight against floods and desertification

Implementing the National Strategy for Rural Development (2009-2020), through re-• gional projects which aim in particular the preservation of natural resources, improving access to water, biodiversity conservation, the fight against floods and desertification, improving living conditions (in 2009 investment program includes 25 projects in 32 pro-vinces of the Kingdom)

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HealthClimate change has an influence on the dynamics of infectious diseases, vector-borne, food-borne or water-borne. Higher temperatures will tend to increase the geographic area of malaria transmis-sion to higher latitudes and higher altitudes. Dengue, leishmaniasis, and various types of diseases transmitted by insects may develop. Extreme events such as floods and droughts can also cause di-sease by different routes. The populations most vulnerable are children, elderly and weak people.

Accordingly, the Action Plan of the Ministry of Health, which spans the period 2008-2012, plans structural adjustment measures as follows.

Measure details

Strengthening the health system 1/ upgrading of health facilities2/ development and capacity building of health professionals

Development of the epidemiological surveillance system

1/ strengthening the network of Regional Health Observatories and Provincial Epidemiology Centers, 2/ epidemiology training for health professionals

Enhancing programs to fight against the climate-sensitive diseases

1/ health watch 2/ screening and care of patients, 3/ development of good environments for heath by sectoral programs (hygiene, drinking water, housing, food ...)

Strengthening intersectoral collaboration and partnership with the private sector and civil society.

1/ consistency of care delivery and complementarity between public and private sectors 2/ improving the availability and quality of health care provision 3/ strengthening the involvement of civil society in achieving health goals


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TourismThe Department of Tourism leads the following actions under the « Plan Azur », sector planning by 2010, and under the Foresight by 2030.

Measure details

Evaluation of vulnerabilities on tourism based on the climat risks inventory provided by the Directorate of National Meteorology

Checking the adequacy of the Plan Azur to the problems of adaptation

Assistance to investors for the implementation of Studies of Environmental Impact of tourism projects

Achievment of economic valuation studies of environmental degradation in the tourism sector

Encouraging investors to create green spaces of about 5 to 10% of the total area of tourist sites

Requirement for investors to collect and treat wastewater before discharge into the natural environment (sea or surface water),in order to prevent water pollution and disruption in ecosystems (implementation of wastewater treatment plants «STEP»)

Requirement for investors to make the reuse of treated wastewater from treatment plants to irrigate golf courses and green spaces in tourist areas

Restrictions on tourism activities that can affect ecosystems

Prohibition of tourism activities that can affect the environment, for example motor boating activities in lakes and dams

Adoption of restrictions requested by impact studies of tourism projects (as appropriate)

Studies assessing the impact of rising sea level on tourism projects

Studies for adapting tourism sector against rising of sea level and water scarcity

Implementation of a Pilot Project «Every drop counts» for saving water in Marrakech and Essaouira

Project «Good environmental management in the hotel sector», which aims hoteliers engagement in environmental projects, focusing mainly on efficient use of resources

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Transverse measures

INdHMorocco launched in 2005 the National Initiative for Human Development (INDH), in order to act for human development in consistence with the Millennium Development Goals.

This Initiative funds projects to fight against poverty and social exclusion, to ensure a better distribution of economic growth and to improve living conditions of the population.

Climate change could exacerbate poverty and the INDH is intended to integrate the fight against climate change in the projects it supports. The Initiative is to encourage :

mitigation projects , such as promotion of the saving use of wood furnaces, •

adaptation projects, such as individual projects dealing with water conservation and • recovery of rainwater.


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governanceFinally, mention below, other transverse measures related to governance activities that the Department of the Environment manage to fight against climate change.

Management activities

Piloting :• updating of the Strategy and the National Plan against global warming ο

leading the network of the Ministries representatives ο

leading the network of the regional representatives and supervision of the Local Plans ο

against global warmingleading the national dialog within the National Committee on Climate Change ο

working with the Scientific Committee on Climate Change which study and watch the ο

climate and its sectoral impacts

Financing the National Plan against global warming :• research of international financial aid by different types of funds ο

assignment of the financial aid obtained to the actions of the plan ο

Reporting and evaluation : • financial reporting (semi-annual) ο

annual report of evaluation ο

Communication :• communication of the Strategy, the Plan, the results ο

Operational activities

Participation in the climate negotiations within the United Nations Framework Convention • on Climate Change and maintain relationships with other countries.

Preparation of National Communications under the Convention • Annual production of a GHG emissions inventory, using a national information system • to be set up

Implementation of school programs to promote education climate change• Creation or reinforcement of formations about climate change• Information campaigns and public awareness about climate change.•


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Secrétariat d’Etat auprès du Ministère de l’Energie, des Mines, de l’Eau et de l’Environnement,chargé de l’Eau et de l’Environnement

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