Kingdom animalia

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Transcript of Kingdom animalia

Animals are ingestive

heterotrophs

That means they eat

their food

They are multicellular

The Animal Kingdom is

divided into many Phyla

This chart is a phylogenetic tree of the Phyla in the

Animal Kingdom

It shows the evolutionary or DNA relationships

We are only going to look at some of these phyla

The animals in this Phylum all have:

1. A strong exoskeleton made of Chitin

This is an outside hard covering that acts as

protection and is where muscles attach to

cause movementThis crab has a particularly

strong exoskeleton.

The claws are part of the

exoskeleton and have strong

muscles inside them

2. many pairs of jointed legs or

appendages

(These can be modified for other functions)

This Lobster is on its

back: look at the

paired legs which are

made of segments

joined together.

The appendages at

the back are used for

swimming

1. Class Insecta

2. Class Arachnida

3. Class Crustacea

4. Class Myriapoda

3 pairs of

jointed legs

Two pairs of

wings

Spiracles for gaseous

exchange

Compound

eyes

Head thorax abdomen

Three body segments

Pair of

segmented

antennae

Piercing and sucking

Biting and

chewing

sucking

Secreting

saliva and

lapping up

liquid

Can you see the Insect features on these insects?

What features are common to all Arthropods?

Most insects live on land.

They have a water proof

cuticle to prevent them

drying out.

This group includes Spiders, Scorpions and

Ticks

Arachnids have:

Four pairs of

jointed legs

Pedipalps

that are

sensory

organsChelicerae or fangs that contain

poison to kill prey

All arachnids are carnivores

abdomen

Head and

thorax form a

cephalothorax

Spiders also have :

Spinnerets that make

silk for a web

8 eyes on

the head

Can you see the other

features?

Now label the diagram in your notes

Most crustaceans live in an aquatic

environment (in water)

So they have gills for gaseous exchange

and are adapted for swimming

Crustaceans have:

More than 4 pairs of jointed legs

Two pairs of antennae

Note how these have one pair facing forward and

the other backwards

Notice how the appendages are adapted for different functions.

The cephalothorax is covered in a carapace

Make a large labelled drawing of this Shrimp in

your exercise book

This group includes centipedes and

millipedes

They all live on land,

usually hiding in dark,

damp places

They all have elongated bodies with many

segments

There is at least one pair of jointed legs on

each segment

And they have a pair of antennae on the

head

Centipedes have one

pair of legs per

segment and

flattened bodies.

They are all

carnivores.

Millipedes are round with 2

pairs of legs on each

segment. They are

herbivores. Most feed on

detritus or dead plant matter

This Phylum is also called the vertebrates

The animals in this group have an internal

skeleton with a backbone (vertebral

column) that protects the spinal chord

There are 5 classes. Can you name

them?

Class Pisces (Fish)

Class Amphibia

Class Reptilia

Class Aves (Birds)

Class Mammalia

Fish are divided into Cartilaginous Fish

(sharks and rays)

and Bony Fish

Cartilaginous fish have a skeleton of cartilage.

Their gills are open and the mouth is underneath (ventral)

If you rub a shark’s skin you will find it is made of rough

scales

Sharks are excellent

predators.

Note the teeth and

stream-line body

They also have

excellent “smell”

Bony Fish have a skeleton made of bone

The operculum covers the gills and

helps move water over the gills for

gaseous exchange

They have a lateral line

which detects pressure

changes so is used to

interpret speed and direction

Fins are used to alter

direction

The skin is covered

in scales

You should know the names of these fins

Roll is controlled

by the median

fins: dorsal and

pelvic

Yaw is controlled by

the median fins –

dorsal, pelvic and the

caudal fin

Pitch is controlled by the paired fins, particularly the pelvic fins

The caudal fin brings about propulsion when it moves sideways

Frogs and toads

Salamanders and newts

Amphibians must spend some of their life

cycle in water

Aquatic species have gills but those that

move onto land have to have lungs and a

mucus layer over the skin to prevent drying

The limbs are adapted for walking or

hopping on land or for swimming, and

sometimes for both!

Note the features on this frog

Can you identify the stages in the life cycle of a frog?

Note only the adult frog lives on land

turtles, terrapins, tortoises, lizards, snakes, crocodiles and alligators

Most reptiles live on land and lay their eggs in dry soil

The eggs have a leathery waterproof shell –remember in amphibians the eggs were in a jelly-like substance in water.

To prevent them drying out Reptiles have scales made of Keratin

They have good hearing and smell. The tongue can also be used to pick up molecules in the air and detect or smell them

Birds are homeothermic which means they

keep their body temperature constant

All the animals we have seen so far are

poikilothermic, this means their body

temperature is the same as the

environment

To insulate the body birds are covered in feathers made of keratin

Some feathers are soft and used for insulation but others are firm and used for flight

The feet have no feathers but have scales like a reptile

You should know

the parts of a

feather

All birds have beaks: note how different they are. Can

you work out what these birds eat?

Colour is

used for

recognition

and

camouflage

We will look at this in more detail in class

Birds lay their eggs in a

nest and some have

excellent parental care.

Some young hatch with

no feathers and need to

be well looked after,

others are more

developed and can feed

themselves

Be familiar with the main parts of a bird

We are mammals

Mammals give birth to live young

This means fertilisation and implantation

are internal

The placenta is an adaptation for internal

development

Nutrients go through this

The umbilical cord carries

the nutrients

The young suckle – that is they feed on

milk made in the mother’s mammary

glands until they are ready to eat on their

own

Mammals are homoeothermic and are insulated with hair over the body

Hair can form whiskers which are sensory features

Some aquatic mammals have lost their hair, others have extra hair with oil on it to make the water run off

Mammals are the only animals with external ears

They can help determine where sound is coming from

They can also show aggression or submission

In elephants the ears are used to help cool the body

Mammals can live in:

Water- dolphins have lost their

hair but have all other mammal

features

Land – this Oryx needs

very little water

Air - can you see the

ears and fur on this

bat? The wings are

webs between the

“fingers”