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Table of ContentsWhere to Find It …………………………………………………………………… vIndex to Major Notes and Charts ………………………………………………… ix

The Old TestamentGenesis ………………Ge …………… 1Exodus…………………Ex …………… 86Leviticus ………………Le …………… 155Numbers ………………Nu…………… 207Deuteronomy…………De …………… 274Joshua …………………Jos ………… 335Judges …………………Ju …………… 375Ruth ……………………Ru …………… 4171 Samuel ………………1 Sa ………… 4232 Samuel ………………2 Sa ………… 4761 Kings…………………1 Ki ………… 5212 Kings…………………2 Ki ………… 5741 Chronicles …………1 Ch ………… 6252 Chronicles …………2 Ch ………… 674Ezra ……………………Ez …………… 736Nehemiah ……………Ne …………… 753Esther …………………Es …………… 776Job ……………………Job ………… 789Psalms …………………Ps …………… 833Proverbs ………………Pr …………… 949

The New TestamentMatthew ………………Ma…………… 1389Mark……………………Mk ………… 1443Luke ……………………Lk …………… 1480John ……………………Jo …………… 1549Acts ……………………Ac …………… 1601Romans ………………Ro …………… 16611 Corinthians…………1 Co ………… 16852 Corinthians…………2 Co ………… 1709Galatians………………Ga …………… 1725Ephesians ……………Ep …………… 1736Philippians ……………Ph …………… 1746Colossians ……………Col ………… 17541 Thessalonians ……1 Th ………… 17612 Thessalonians ……2 Th ………… 1767

ChartsKings of Judah and Israel ………… 733The Gospels Harmonized…………… 1544The Teachings and Miracles

of Jesus Christ……………………… 1599Sermons in Acts ……………………… 1657The Life of Paul ……………………… 1657Major Teachings of Paul …………… 1660The Messianic Line ………………… 1791Authors of the General Epistles…… 1820

Concordance ……………………………………………………………………follows Revelation

Ecclesiastes …………Ec …………… 990Song of Solomon ……Song………… 1004Isaiah …………………Is …………… 1011Jeremiah ………………Je …………… 1096Lamentations…………La …………… 1188Ezekiel…………………Eze ………… 1196Daniel …………………Da …………… 1279Hosea …………………Ho…………… 1307Joel ……………………Joel ………… 1320Amos …………………Am ………… 1325Obadiah ………………Ob…………… 1336Jonah …………………Jon ………… 1339Micah …………………Mi …………… 1343Nahum…………………Na …………… 1351Habakkuk ……………Hab ………… 1354Zephaniah ……………Zep ………… 1359Haggai …………………Hag ………… 1363Zechariah ……………Ze …………… 1366Malachi ………………Mal ………… 1381

1 Timothy ……………1 Ti ………… 17712 Timothy ……………2 Ti ………… 1779Titus ……………………Tit …………… 1785Philemon………………Phile………… 1789Hebrews ………………He …………… 1793James …………………Jam ………… 18131 Peter …………………1 Pe ………… 18252 Peter …………………2 Pe ………… 18331 John …………………1 Jo ………… 18402 John …………………2 Jo ………… 18483 John …………………3 Jo ………… 1849Jude ……………………Jude ………… 1850Revelation ……………Re …………… 1857

General Epistles of theNew Testament …………………… 1822

Women of the Bible ………………… 1823Outline of 1 John …………………… 1839Key Words of 1 John ………………… 1839Order of Events in Revelation …… 1853The Study of the End Times ……… 1855Titles of Christ………………………… 1856

Where to Find It in theKing James Commentary Bible

A. Charts appear at various places in the Bible text. They arelisted on the Table of Contents Page and in the Index to MajorNotes and Charts.

B. Each book of the Bible has an introduction that always in-cludes Author, Key Verse, Time, and Theme.

A.

B.

vi WHERE TO FIND IT IN THE KING JAMES COMMENTARY BIBLE

C. The World’s Visual Reference SystemTM notes the propheciesof the first coming of Christ with a in the text and a footnoteindicates the verse of the reference and the passage in which theprophecy is fulfilled.

C.

D.

D. Comprehensive commentary footnotes are found on almostevery page of the King James Commentary Bible. Notes such as3:5 ye shall be as gods and 3:14 unto the serpent are exegetical innature and reveal information that comes from a detailed study ofthe text. Notes such as 3:6–7 Sin’s Consequences and 3:14–21 TheCovenant with Adam are more theological in nature and whenlinked together give a systematic overview of Scripture. An indextopical to the major commentary footnotes is found on pages ix–xii in the front matter of this volume.

WHERE TO FIND IT IN THE KING JAMES COMMENTARY BIBLE vii

E. Throughout the text the World’s Visual Reference SystemTM

notes all of the promises God has given us and the miracles of theBible. These are noted by a in the text for the promises and afor the miracles. With each promise or miracle a footnote is foundat the bottom right of the text indicating the verses that are partof the promise or miracle.

A system of cross-references are included at the end of versesthat have room for a reference. In 3:1 you will find ‘‘Rinto thetemple at the hour of prayer, Rbeing the ninth hour.’’ The R indicatesthat there is a reference to that word or phrase. At the end of thisverse two references appear: ‘‘2:46’’ which goes with the R before‘‘into’’ and ‘‘10:30; Ps 55:17’’ which goes with the R before ‘‘being.’’

E.

viii WHERE TO FIND IT IN THE KING JAMES COMMENTARY BIBLE

F. The end-of-verse reference system includes some referencesenclosed in brackets that have conceptual connections with theoriginal verse rather than another use of the word or phrase. In3:21, ‘‘Rrestitution of all things’’ references ‘‘Ma 17:11; [Ro 8:21]’’ atthe end of the verse. The Matthew reference is about the prophecygiven Malachi that there will be restoration of all things. There isa direct connection and a related use of the same terminology.In the bracketed Roman’s reference believers play a part in theredemption of creation from the bondage of sin. It is a relatedconcept with different terminology. Also at the end of verses aretranslation notes. In 4:2 ‘‘Tgrieved’’ has a note at the end of theverse ‘‘greatly disturbed.’’ This note indicates that there is anotherway of translating the word that may be helpful to the reader.

G.

F.

G. World’s Visual Reference SystemTM also includes propheciesabout the second coming of our Lord. There is a in the text anda footnote at the bottom right of the text that indicates whichverses are included in the prophecy.

1549 JOHN 1:4

Ma Mk Lk JoFROM THE RESURRECTION TO THE ASCENSION—Cont’d

2. The report of the guard 28:11-153. The walk to Emmaus 16:12-13 24:13-354. Appearances

To the disciples in Jerusalem,Thomas not present 16:14 24:36-43 20:19-25

To Thomas with the others 20:26-29To seven disciples by the sea of

Galilee 21:1-24To the Eleven in Galilee 28:16-20 16:15-18Final appearance and

ascension 16:19-20 24:44-53

The Gospel According to

JOHNAUTHOR: Jesus nicknamed John and his TIME: c. A.D. 29–33brother, James, ‘‘sons of thunder’’ (Mk 3:17).John was evidently among the Galileans THEME: John is a great book for new orwho followed John the Baptist until they were young Christians because it intentionallycalled to follow Jesus at the outset of His helps the reader understand the significancepublic ministry. These Galileans were later of Jesus. What becomes increasingly clearcalled to become full-time disciples of the as you read the Gospel of John is thatLord (Lk 5:1–11), and John was among the Jesus does not fit the image of someonetwelve men who were selected to be apos- who is simply a nice moral teacher. Only atles (Lk 6:12–16). The author of this Gospel lunatic would make the claims he makesis identified only as the disciple ‘‘whom for himself unless he was who he said heJesus loved’’ (Jo 13:23; 19:26; 21:7), but was. John leaves no room for indecision.attention to detail concerning geography and Like the many people Jesus encounters inJewish culture in the Gospel lend credibil- the book, as you read, you must either rejectity to the author’s claim to be an eyewitness. him or accept him, and say in the end likeThe strong testimony of the early church Thomas: ‘‘My Lord and my God’’ (20:28).relates this eyewitness to the apostle John. This Gospel is an incredibly powerful pre-KEY VERSE: Jo 20:30–31 sentation of Jesus.

IN the beginning was theWord, and the Word was

with God, and the Word was God.2 RThe same was in the begin-ning with God. Ge 1:13 RAll things were made by him;

1:1 In the beginning. Genesis 1:1 starts with the moment of creation and movesforward to the creation of humanity. John 1:1 starts with creation and contemplateseternity past. the Word was with God. This suggests a face-to-face relationship. In theancient world, it was important that persons of equal station be on the same level whenseated across from one another. 1:3 All things were made by him. God the Fathercreated the world (Ge 1:1) through God the Son (Col 1:16; He 1:2). All creation wasmade through Him. Thus, He is the Creator God. 1:4 light of men. This image

Continued on the next page

and without him was not any thingmade that was made. Ps 33:64 RIn him was life; and the lifewas the light of men. [1 Jo 5:11]

1:1–4

1550JOHN 1:5

5 And R the light shineth indarkness; and the darkness com-prehended it not. [3:19]6 There was a man sent fromGod, whose name was John.7 The same came for a R wit-ness, to bear witness of the Light,that all men through him mightRbelieve. 3:25–36; 5:33–35 z [3:16]8 He was not that Light, butwas sent to bear witness of thatRLight. Is 9:2; 49:69 R That was the true Light,which lighteth every man thatcometh into the world. Is 49:610 He was in the world, and theworld was made by him, and Rtheworld knew him not. Col 1:16

11 RHe came unto his own,and his own received him

not. Is 53:312 But as many as received him,

conveys the concept of revelation. As the light, Jesus Christ reveals both sin and Godto humans (Ps 36:9). Later in this Gospel, Christ declares Himself to be both the life(11:25) and the light (8:12). Death and darkness flee when the life and light enter.1:5 light shineth in darkness. Although Satan and his forces resist the light, theycannot thwart its power. In short, Jesus is life and light; those who accept Him are‘‘children of light’’ (12:35–36). As the creation of light was the beginning of the originalcreation, so, when believers receive the light, they become part of the new creation(2 Co 4:3–6). 1:7 for a witness. This phrase means ‘‘to testify’’ or ‘‘to declare.’’ Johnuses the word translated witness 33 times as a verb and 14 times as a noun in hisGospel. The term is particularly important to his purpose, which is to record adequatewitnesses to Jesus as the Messiah so that individuals might believe Him (20:30–31).believe. This word means ‘‘to trust.’’ John uses this verb almost 100 times in his Gospelto express what must take place for a person to receive the gift of eternal life. 1:11 re-ceived. This means ‘‘to receive with favor’’ and implies ‘‘welcome.’’ Instead of a welcomemat, Jesus had a door slammed in His face. The themes of rejection and reception(v. 12) introduced in the prologue (1:1–18) appear repeatedly throughout the Gospel ofJohn. 1:12 to them gave he power. This phrase refers to the legitimate entitlementto the position of children of God. By believing, undeserving sinners can become fullmembers of God’s family. 1:14 the Word was made flesh. The Son of God who wasfrom eternity became human, with limitations in time and space (Ph 2:5–8). This is thedoctrine of the incarnation: God became human. Nothing of the essential nature of deitywas lost in this event; we might rephrase became as ‘‘took to Himself.’’ John uses theword flesh to refer to the physical nature of humans, not to our sinful disposition. dweltamong us. The Greek word for tent or dwelt was also used in the Greek Old Testamentfor the tabernacle, where the presence of God dwelt. only begotten. This means unique,one of a kind. The first chapter of John makes claims about Jesus that move Him beyondthe realm of a moral teacher. The ‘‘Word’’ was first involved at creation and now comesto live in creation. In the days of the tabernacle (Ex 25–33), God’s presence was in themiddle of the people, and they had the benefit of His direction and leadership throughthe cloud by day and the pillar of fire by night. While there were elements of a physicalpresence in the wilderness times, God coming to live with us in the flesh implies anintimacy with man that doesn’t fit with anything the Jews would have expected. In thewilderness, an Israelite needed to keep a safe distance from the things of God to survive(Nu 4:19–20). 1:16 grace for grace. The background of this doubled term, as

to them gave he power to becomethe sons of God, even to them thatbelieve on his name:13 Which were born, not ofblood, nor of the will of the flesh,nor of the will of man, but of God.14 And the Word was madeflesh, and dwelt among us, (andwe beheld his glory, the glory asof the only begotten of the Fa-ther,) full of grace and truth.15 John bare witness of him,and cried, saying, This was he ofwhom I spake, RHe that comethafter me is preferred before me:for he was before me. [Ma 3:11]

16 And of his fulness haveall we received, and grace for

grace.17 For the law was given by Mo-

1:11–12 1:16–17

1551 JOHN 1:29

ses, but grace and Rtruth came byJesus Christ. [8:32; 14:6; 18:37]18 No man hath seen God at anytime; the only begotten Son,which is in the bosom of the Fa-ther, he hath declared him.19 And this is R the record ofJohn, when the Jews sent priestsand Levites from Jerusalem toask him, Who art thou? 5:3320 And Rhe confessed, and de-nied not; but confessed, I am notthe Christ. Lk 3:15; Ac 13:2521 And they asked him, Whatthen? Art thou E-li′-as? And hesaith, I am not. Art thou thatprophet? And he answered, No.22 Then said they unto him,Who art thou? that we may givean answer to them that sent us.What sayest thou of thyself?23 He said, RI am the voice ofone crying in the wilderness,Make straight the way of the

well as the use of the term in verse 17, is found in Exodus 32–34. Moses and the peoplehad received grace, but they were in tremendous need of more grace (Ex 33:13).1:18 No man hath seen God. God is Spirit (4:24) and is invisible (Col 1:15; 1 Ti 1:17)unless God chooses to reveal Himself. Humans cannot look at God and live (Ex 33:20).However, the Son is in intimate relationship with the Father, face-to-face with God (1:1;6:46; 1 Jo 1:2). God became visible to human eyes in the man Jesus. It is throughseeing the Son that we see God. 1:19–20 the Jews. This refers to the Jewish leadersor the council (the Sanhedrin), who would be responsible for examining anyone thoughtto be a prophet, to see if the person was true or false. 1:23 Make straight. When aking traveled, roads were built so that the royal chariot would not have to travel overrough terrain or be stuck in the mud. Isaiah was saying that before God appeared tomanifest His glory, a voice would be heard, inviting Israel to make straight the way bywhich God Himself would come. 1:24 the Pharisees. The Pharisees were an influen-tial sect that numbered about 6,000. As strict interpreters of the law in Israel, they wereextremely zealous for ritual and tradition. 1:27 whose shoe’s latchet I am not worthyto unloose. Undoing the shoe strap was the job of a slave. The Jewish Talmud says,‘‘Everything that a servant will do for his master, a scholar shall perform for his teacher,except the menial task of loosing his sandal thong.’’ Thus, John was saying that ‘‘JesusChrist is the living Lord and I am the voice, His servant and slave. Actually, I’m not evenworthy to be His slave.’’ 1:29 the Lamb of God. Jesus Christ is the Lamb that Godwould give as a sacrifice not only for Israel, but for the whole world (Is 52:13–53:12).John the Baptist proclaimed publicly the identity and mission of Jesus. If any of hishearers were expecting him to identify Jesus as Messiah they were disappointed,because John referred to Him in specifically sacrificial terms, which could hardly bemisunderstood. As the divine Lamb, Christ had to undertake for humanity the taskperformed by the very first sacrificial Passover lambs. While still in bondage in Egypt,the Israelites were saved from the destroying angel through the lamb’s blood. Christ’smission was to pay the penalty for sin, shedding His blood on the cross as the atonementfor mankind. The Father accepted this sacrifice, which redeemed the world from sinand enabled all who respond in repentance and obedience to Christ as Savior and Lordto experience forgiveness and salvation.

Lord, as Rsaid the prophet E-sa′-ias. Ma 3:3 z Is 40:3; Mal 3:124 And they which were sentwere of the Pharisees.25 And they asked him, and saidunto him, Why baptizest thouthen, if thou be not that Christ,nor E-li′-as, neither that prophet?26 John answered them, saying,RI baptize with water: Rbut therestandeth one among you, whomye know not; Ma 3:11 z 4:10; 8:19; 9:3027 RHe it is, who coming afterme is preferred before me, whoseshoe’s latchet I am not worthy tounloose. [3:31]; Ac 19:4; [Col 1:17]28 These things were done inBeth-ab′-a-ra beyond Jordan,where John was baptizing.29 The next day John seethJesus coming unto him, andsaith, Behold the Lamb of God,which taketh away the sin of theworld.

1552JOHN 1:30

30 This is he of whom I said, Af-ter me cometh a man which Tispreferred before me: for he wasbefore me. ranks higher than I

31 And I knew him not: but thathe should be made manifest toIsrael, Rtherefore am I come bap-tizing with water. Mal 3:1; Ma 3:632 RAnd John bare record, say-ing, I saw the Spirit descendingfrom heaven like a dove, and itabode upon him. Is 42:1; 61:133 And I knew him not: but hethat sent me to baptize with wa-ter, the same said unto me, Uponwhom thou shalt see the Spiritdescending, and remaining onhim, the same is he which bap-tizeth with the Holy Ghost.34 And I saw, and bare recordthat this is the RSon of God. 11:2735 Again the next day after Johnstood, and two of his disciples;36 And looking upon Jesus ashe walked, he saith, RBehold theLamb of God! v. 2937 And the two disciples heardhim speak, and they RfollowedJesus. Ma 4:20, 2238 Then Jesus turned, and sawthem following, and saith untothem, What seek ye? They saidunto him, Rabbi, (which is to say,being interpreted, Master,) whereTdwellest thou? are you staying

39 He saith unto them, Comeand see. They came and sawwhere he dwelt, and Tabode withhim that day: for it was about thetenth hour. remained

40 One of the two which heard

1:33 the same is he which baptizeth with the Holy Ghost. Seven times, the NewTestament mentions this ministry of Jesus. Five are prophetic (Ma 3:11; Mk 1:8; Lk 3:16;Ac 1:5); one is historical (Ac 11:16–18); one is doctrinal (1 Co 12:13). 1:42 Cephas.This is the Aramaic word for ‘‘rock’’ (Ma 16:18). 1:45 Nathanael. This name is notmentioned in the Synoptic Gospels. But in every list of the apostles in Matthew, Mark,and Luke, the name Bartholomew is listed with Philip, as Nathanael is linked with Philiphere. It is likely that Nathanael and Bartholomew were the same person. 1:46 Naza-reth. Nathanael knew that the Old Testament prophets had predicted that the Messiahwould be born in Bethlehem. Furthermore, Nazareth was an obscure village. Nathanaelsimply could not fathom that such a significant person as the Messiah could come fromsuch an insignificant place as Nazareth. 1:48–49 under the fig tree. In the OldTestament, this expression often suggests being safe and at leisure (1 Ki 4:25; Mi 4:4;Ze 3:10).

John speak, and followed him,was RAndrew, Simon Peter’sbrother. 6:8; 12:22; Ma 4:18; Mk 1:29; 13:341 He first findeth his ownbrother Simon, and saith untohim, We have found the Mes-si′-as, which is, being interpreted,the TChrist. Lit. Anointed One

42 And he brought him to Jesus.And when Jesus beheld him, hesaid, Thou art Simon the son ofJona: Rthou shalt be called Ce′-phas, which is by interpretation,TA stone. Ma 16:18 z Peter

43 The day following Jesuswould go forth into Galilee, andfindeth RPhilip, and saith untohim, Follow me. 6:5; 12:21, 22; 14:8, 944 Now Philip was of Beth-sa′-i-da, the city of Andrew and Peter.45 Philip findeth RNa-than′-a-el,and saith unto him, We havefound him, of whom RMoses inthe law, and the prophets, didwrite, Jesus of Nazareth, the sonof Joseph. 21:2 z [Ge 3:15; De 18:18]46 And Na-than′-a-el said untohim, Can there any good thingcome out of Nazareth? Philipsaith unto him, Come and see.47 Jesus saw Na-than′-a-el com-ing to him, and saith of him, Be-hold Ran Israelite indeed, in whomis no Tguile! Ps 32:2; 73:1 z deceit

48 Na-than′-a-el saith unto him,T Whence knowest thou me?Jesus answered and said untohim, Before that Philip calledthee, when thou wast under thefig tree, I saw thee. How

49 Na-than′-a-el answered and

1553 JOHN 2:13

saith unto him, Rabbi, Rthou artthe Son of God; thou art Rthe Kingof Israel. Ps 2:7; Ma 14:33 z Ma 21:550 Jesus answered and saidunto him, Because I said untothee, I saw thee under the fig tree,believest thou? thou shalt seegreater things than these.51 And he saith unto him, Verily,verily, I say unto you, Hereafterye shall see heaven open, and theangels of God ascending and de-scending upon the Son of man.

2And the third day therewas a Rmarriage in RCana

of Galilee; and the mother ofJesus was there: [He 13:4] z Jos 19:282 And both Jesus was called,and his disciples, to the marriage.3 And when they wanted wine,the mother of Jesus saith untohim, They have no wine.4 Jesus saith unto her, Woman,what have I to do with thee?Rmine hour is not yet come. 8:205 His mother saith unto theservants, Whatsoever he saithunto you, do it.6 And there were set there sixwaterpots of stone, R after themanner of the purifying of theJews, containing two or three fir-kins apiece. 3:25; Ma 15:2

2:1–2 Cana. This city was about four and a half miles northwest of Nazareth. themother of Jesus was there: And both Jesus was called, and his disciples. Thissuggests that Jesus and His disciples were invited because of Mary. Her forwardnessin asking Jesus to help when the wine ran out (v. 3) may indicate that she was in someway related to the family holding the wedding. 2:3 They have no wine. Hospitality inthe East was a sacred duty. A wedding feast often lasted for a week. To run out of wineat such an important event would have been humiliating for the bride and groom. Thefamily of Jesus was not wealthy, and it is likely their relatives and acquaintances werenot either. This may have been a ‘‘low-budget’’ wedding feast. 2:6 six waterpots.Each waterpot held 20–30 gallons, for a total of 120–180 gallons of the finest wine(v. 10). manner of the purifying of the Jews. Jewish tradition required several kinds ofceremonial washings. Strict Jews washed their hands before a meal, between courses,and after the meal. This ‘‘purifying’’ extended not only to washing hands, but also towashing cups and vessels (Mk 7:3–4). 2:11 This beginning of miracles. In the Gos-pel of John, the miracles of Jesus are called signs, indicating that they pointed to Hismessiahship. This sign signified Christ’s glory—that is, His deity. When Jesus trans-formed water into wine, He demonstrated His power. 2:13 the Jews’ Passover. Everymale Jew was required to go to Jerusalem three times a year—for the Feast of Passover,the Feast of Pentecost, and the Feast of Tabernacles (Ex 23:14–19; Le 23). Jerusalem.The Synoptic Gospels concentrate on Jesus’ Galilean ministry. John focuses on Jesus’ministry in Jerusalem.

7 Jesus saith unto them, Fill thewaterpots with water. And theyfilled them up to the brim.8 And he saith unto them,Draw out now, and Tbear unto theTgovernor of the feast. And theybare it. take it z master

9 When the Truler of the feasthad tasted R the water that wasmade wine, and knew notwhence it was: (but the servantswhich drew the water knew;) theTgovernor of the feast called thebridegroom, master z 4:46 z master

10 And saith unto him, Everyman at the beginning doth setforth good wine; and when menhave well drunk, then that whichis Tworse: but thou hast kept thegood wine until now. inferior

11 This Rbeginning of miraclesdid Jesus in Cana of Galilee, andmanifested forth his glory; andhis disciples believed on him. 4:5412 After this he went down toR Ca-per′-na-um, he, and hismother, and his brethren, and hisdisciples: and they continuedthere not many days. 4:4613 RAnd the Jews’ passover wasat hand, and Jesus went up to Je-rusalem, 5:1; 6:4; 11:55; Ex 12:14

2:1–11

1554JOHN 2:14

14 R And found in the templethose that sold oxen and sheepand doves, and the changers ofmoney sitting: Mal 3:1; Ma 21:1215 And when he had made aTscourge of small cords, he drovethem all out of the temple, andthe sheep, and the oxen; andpoured out the changers’ money,and overthrew the tables; whip

16 And said unto them that solddoves, Take these things hence;make not Rmy Father’s house anhouse of merchandise. Lk 2:4917 And his disciples remem-bered that it was written, RThezeal of thine house hath eaten meup. Ps 69:918 Then answered the Jews andsaid unto him, RWhat sign shew-est thou unto us, seeing that thoudoest these things? Ma 12:3819 Jesus answered and saidunto them, Destroy this temple,and in three days I will raise it up.20 Then said the Jews, Forty andsix years was this temple in build-ing, and wilt thou Trear it up inthree days? raise

21 But he spake Rof the templeof his body. [Col 2:9; He 8:2]22 When therefore he was risen

2:14 And found in the temple those that sold oxen and sheep and doves. TheSynoptic Gospels place the cleansing of the temple at the conclusion of Jesus’ ministry(Ma 21:12–13), whereas John puts it at the beginning. Apparently, Jesus cleansed thetemple two different times. The law of Moses required that any animal offered in sacrificebe unblemished and that every Jewish male over 19 years of age pay a temple tax (Le1:3; De 17:1). As a result, tax collectors and inspectors of sacrificial animals were presentat the temple. However, these officials would not accept secular coins because they hadan image of the Roman emperor. To put such coins into the temple treasury was thoughtto be an offense. Accordingly, merchants and moneychangers set up shop and chargedhigh prices for changing currency and for sacrificial animals. 2:19 Destroy this tem-ple. Jesus was not talking about the physical building; He was referring to His body, asJohn emphasizes in verse 21. Jesus was speaking of His death. I will raise it up. Notethat Jesus did not say, ‘‘I will build it again.’’ He was referring to His resurrection, threedays after His death. 2:20 Forty and six years. Herod the Great began restoring thetemple in 20 B.C. The work was not finished at the time of this conversation. In fact, itwas not completed until around A.D. 64 under Herod Agrippa. 2:23 many believedin his name. This was saving faith. John’s purpose in recording Jesus’ miracles was forpeople to believe and have eternal life (20:30–31). 2:24 But Jesus did not commithimself. This word is the same Greek word translated believe in verse 23. There is aplay on words here. These individuals trusted Jesus, but Jesus did not entrust Himselfto them. 3:2 by night. The fact that Nicodemus came to Jesus at night may revealthe timidity of his faith (12:42); however, his faith was developing (7:50–51; 19:39).3:3 Except a man be born again. Jesus was explaining to Nicodemus that there is

from the dead, Rhis disciples re-membered that he had said thisunto them; and they believed thescripture, and the word whichJesus had said. v. 17; 12:16; 14:2623 Now when he was in Jerusa-lem at the passover, in the feastday, many believed in his name,when they saw Rthe Tmiracleswhich he did. [5:36; Ac 2:22] z signs

24 But Jesus did not commithimself unto them, because heRknew all men, 16:30; Ma 9:425 And needed not that anyshould testify of man: for Rheknew what was in man. 6:64; 16:30

3There was a man of the Phari-sees, named Nic-o-de′-mus, a

ruler of the Jews:2 The same came to Jesus bynight, and said unto him, Rabbi,we know that thou art a teachercome from God: for no man cando these Tmiracles that thou do-est, except God be with him. signs

3 Jesus answered and saidunto him, Verily, verily, I say

unto thee, RExcept a man be bornTagain, he cannot see the king-dom of God. [1:13] z Or from above

3:3–7

1555 JOHN 3:17

4 Nic-o-de′-mus saith untohim, How can a man be bornwhen he is old? can he enter thesecond time into his mother’swomb, and be born?5 Jesus answered, Verily, ver-ily, I say unto thee, RExcept a manbe born of water and of the Spirit,he cannot enter into the kingdomof God. Mk 16:16; [Ac 2:38]6 That which is born of theflesh is Rflesh; and that which isborn of the Spirit is spirit. 1:137 Marvel not that I said untothee, Ye must be born again.8 RThe wind bloweth where itT listeth, and thou hearest thesound thereof, but canst not tellwhence it cometh, and whither itgoeth: so is every one that is bornof the Spirit. 1 Co 2:11 z wishes

9 Nic-o-de′-mus answered andsaid unto him, RHow can thesethings be? 6:52, 6010 Jesus answered and saidunto him, Art thou a Tmaster ofIsrael, and knowest not thesethings? teacher

more to having a right relationship with God than being physically born a Jew. The newbirth is not physical; rather, it is spiritual (v. 6). It must come by the Spirit of God if it is aspiritual birth (v. 5). Without this new birth a person does not have a right relationshipwith God and, therefore, cannot have eternal life. Nicodemus was one of the high rankingPharisees, and yet his religiosity was not enough to make him right with God. Thespiritual aspect was missing and had to be supplied before he could have fellowshipwith God. All people must be spiritually reborn in order to have a true relationship withGod. 3:5 born of water and of the Spirit. There are several interpretations of thisphrase. (1) Jesus was referring to water baptism (Ac 10:43–47). (2) Water is to beunderstood as a symbol for the Holy Spirit. (3) Water is to be understood as a symbol ofthe Word of God. (4) Jesus used the phrase ‘‘born of water’’ to refer to physical birth.He then used the contrasting phrase ‘‘of the Spirit’’ to refer to spiritual birth. (5) Jesusused the phrase ‘‘born of water’’ to refer to John the Baptist’s baptism. (6) Jesus usedthe Old Testament imagery of ‘‘water’’ and ‘‘wind’’ to refer to the work of God fromabove (Is 44:3–5). 3:8 the wind. Jesus used the wind as an illustration of the work ofthe Holy Spirit. The Greek word translated Spirit also means ‘‘wind.’’ As the windseemingly blows where it wills, so the Holy Spirit sovereignly works. Likewise, no oneknows the origin or destination of the wind, but everyone knows it is there. The same istrue of the Holy Spirit. 3:12 heavenly things. This refers to events like Christ’s ascen-sion (6:61–62) and the coming of the Holy Spirit (16:7). 3:14 lifted up. Every timethese words occur in the Gospel of John, there is a reference to Jesus’ death (8:28;12:32,34). as Moses lifted up the serpent in the wilderness. Those who looked atit lived (Nu 21:9). So it is with the Son of Man (1:51). 3:16 Belief—Belief involvesunderstanding, knowing, living, and being committed to a relationship with God. Howone does all that is so different from not doing it, it is like being born again to a new life.Nicodemus had a little knowledge. What Nicodemus failed to understand was the nature

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11 Verily, verily, I say unto thee,We speak that we do know, andtestify that we have seen; and Ryereceive not our witness. v. 32; 8:1412 If I have told you earthlythings, and ye believe not, howshall ye believe, if I tell you ofheavenly things?13 And Rno man hath ascendedup to heaven, but he that camedown from heaven, even the Sonof man which is in heaven. Ep 4:9

14 And as Moses lifted upthe serpent in the wilderness,

even so must the Son of man belifted up:15 That whosoever Rbelieveth inhim should not perish, but Rhaveeternal life. 6:47 z v. 3616 RFor God so loved the world,that he gave his only begottenRSon, that whosoever believeth inhim should not perish, but haveeverlasting life. Ro 5:8 z [Is 9:6]17 R For God sent not his Soninto the world to condemn the

3:14–18

1556JOHN 3:18

world; but that the world throughhim might be saved. 1 Jo 4:1418 RHe that believeth on him isnot condemned: but he that be-lieveth not is condemned already,because he hath not believed inthe name of the only begotten Sonof God. 5:24; 6:40, 47; 20:31; Ro 8:119 And this is the condemna-tion, Rthat light is come into theworld, and men loved darknessrather than light, because theirdeeds were evil. [1:4, 9–11]20 For Revery one that doeth evilhateth the light, neither comethto the light, lest his deeds shouldbe reproved. Job 24:13; Ep 5:11, 1321 But he that doeth truth com-eth to the light, that his deeds maybe made manifest, that they areRwrought in God. [15:4, 5]; 1 Co 15:1022 After these things cameJesus and his disciples into theland of Ju-dae′-a; and therehe tarried with them, Rand bap-tized. 4:1, 223 And John also was baptizingin Ae′-non near to RSa′-lim, be-cause there was much water

of spiritual reality. He was earthbound and didn’t understand that Jesus and belief areGod things. He could not get from where he was to where Jesus was on the road of hisunderstanding. He needed to accept a new road, namely the one Jesus was walking,toward Him. Jesus draws us to that light, His light. We have to respond to it as Nicodemusdid over time (Jo 7:50; 19:39). Belief involves internalizing these truths with our wholehearts and minds, being born again, letting all of ourselves be exposed to, and by, thatlight. 3:20 For every one that doeth evil hateth the light. People offer many excusesfor not accepting Christ. Some cite the presence of hypocrites in the church. Othersclaim inability to believe some of the truths about Christ or the gospel. These are merelyattempts to conceal a heart in rebellion against God. The ultimate reason people do notcome to Christ is that they do not want to. 3:26 they came unto John. John theBaptist’s disciples were loyal to him. They were deeply concerned that one of his‘‘disciples,’’ Jesus, was competing with and surpassing him. In their astonishment, theyexaggerated the predicament, saying, ‘‘all men come to him.’’ They were concernedthat John was losing his audience to another preacher. 3:27 John answered. Johnthe Baptist clarified the relationship between himself and Jesus. First, he talked abouthimself (vv. 27–29); then he talked about Jesus (vv. 30–36). John explained that hecould not accept the position of supremacy that his disciples wanted to thrust upon himbecause he had not received it from heaven. 3:29 friend of the bridegroom. Johncompared himself to this person who was generally appointed to arrange the preliminar-ies of the wedding, to manage the wedding, and to preside at the wedding feast.3:31 He that cometh from above. This is a reference to Christ. he that is of the earth.This refers to John the Baptist. John emphasized his earthly origin and its limitations.John proclaimed divine truth on earth; Jesus, on the other hand, is from heaven andabove all.

there: Rand they came, and werebaptized. 1 Sa 9:4 z Ma 3:5, 624 For RJohn was not yet castinto prison. Ma 4:12; 14:3; Mk 6:1725 Then there arose a questionbetween some of John’s disciplesand the Jews about purifying.26 And they came unto John,and said unto him, Rabbi, he thatwas with thee beyond Jordan, Rtowhom thou barest witness, be-hold, the same baptizeth, and allmen come to him. 1:7, 15, 27, 3427 John answered and said, RAman can receive nothing, exceptit be given him from heaven. He 5:428 Ye yourselves bear me wit-ness, that I said, RI am not theChrist, but Rthat I am sent beforehim. 1:19–27 z Mal 3:1; Mk 1:229 RHe that hath the bride is thebridegroom: but R the friend ofthe bridegroom, which standethand heareth him, rejoiceth great-ly because of the bridegroom’svoice: this my joy therefore is ful-filled. Ma 22:2; [Ep 5:25, 27] z Song 5:130 RHe must increase, but Imust decrease. [Is 9:7]31 RHe that cometh from above is

1557 JOHN 4:12

above all: he that is of the earth isearthly, and speaketh of the earth:Rhe that cometh from heaven isabove all. v. 13 z 6:33; 1 Co 15:4732 And Rwhat he hath seen andheard, that he testifieth; and noman receiveth his testimony. v. 1133 He that hath received his tes-timony Rhath Tset to his seal thatGod is true. 1 Jo 5:10 z certified

34 RFor he whom God hath sentspeaketh the words of God: forGod giveth not the Spirit Rbymeasure unto him. 7:16 z 1:1635 RThe Father loveth the Son,and hath given all things into hishand. Ma 11:27; Lk 10:22; [He 2:8]

36 RHe that believeth on theSon hath everlasting life: and

he that believeth not the Son shallnot see life; but the wrath of Godabideth on him. 6:47; Ro 1:17; 1 Jo 5:10

4When therefore the Lordknew how the Pharisees had

heard that Jesus made and bap-tized more disciples than John,2 (Though Jesus himself bap-tized not, but his disciples,)3 He left Ju-dae′-a, and de-parted again into Galilee.4 And he Tmust needs gothrough Sa-ma′-ri-a. needed to go

5 Then cometh he to a city ofSa-ma′-ri-a, which is called Sy′-char, near to the parcel of ground

3:33 hath set to his seal. In a society where many could not read, seals were used toconvey a clear message, even to the illiterate. A seal indicated ownership to all andexpressed a person’s personal guarantee. To receive Jesus’ testimony is to certify thatGod is true regarding what He has sealed. 3:34 God giveth not the Spirit by mea-sure. Unlike human teachers, Jesus was not given the Spirit in a limited way (Is 11:1–2).All three Persons of the Trinity are referred to in this verse; God the Father sent Christthe Son, and gave Him the Holy Spirit without measure. 4:1 When therefore. Thisrefers the reader back to 3:22–36. Christ’s success in winning disciples had createdjealousy among John’s followers and provoked questions among the Pharisees. SinceJesus did not want to be drawn into a controversy over baptism at this stage of Hisministry, He left Judea for Galilee (v. 3). 4:4 he must needs go through Samaria.The shortest route from Judea in the south to Galilee in the north went through Samaria.The journey took three days if He wanted to travel the direct route. The Jews oftenavoided Samaria by going around it along the Jordan River. The hatred between theJews and Samaritans went back to the days of the exile. Samaria was the region betweenJudea and Galilee. When the Northern Kingdom was exiled to Assyria, King Sargonrepopulated the area with captives from other lands. The intermarriage of these foreign-ers and the Jews who had been left complicated the ancestry of the Samaritans. TheJews hated the Samaritans and considered them to be no longer ‘‘pure’’ Jews.

that RJacob Rgave to his son Jo-seph. Ge 33:19 z Ge 48:22; Jos 4:12

6 Now Jacob’s well wasthere. Jesus therefore, being

wearied with his journey, sat thuson the well: and it was about thesixth hour.7 There cometh a woman ofSa-ma′-ri-a to draw water: Jesussaith unto her, Give me to drink.8 (For his disciples were goneaway unto the city to buy meat.)9 Then saith the woman ofSa-ma′-ri-a unto him, How is itthat thou, being a Jew, askestdrink of me, which am a womanof Sa-ma′-ri-a? for the Jews haveno dealings with the Sa-mar′-i-tans.10 Jesus answered and saidunto her, If thou knewest the Rgiftof God, and who it is that saithto thee, Give me to drink; thouwouldest have asked of him, andhe would have given thee R livingwater. [Ro 5:15] z 7:38; Is 12:311 The woman saith unto him,Sir, thou hast nothing to drawwith, and the well is deep: fromwhence then hast thou that livingwater?12 Art thou greater than our fa-ther Jacob, which gave us the

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well, and drank thereof himself,and his children, and his cattle?

13 Jesus answered and saidunto her, Whosoever drink-

eth of this water shall thirst again:14 But Rwhosoever drinketh ofthe water that I shall give himshall never thirst; but the waterthat I shall give him Rshall be inhim a well of water springing upinto everlasting life. [6:35] z 7:37, 3815 The woman saith unto him,Sir, give me this water, that Ithirst not, neither come hither todraw.

16 Jesus saith unto her, Go,call thy husband, and come

hither.17 The woman answered andsaid, I have no husband. Jesussaid unto her, Thou hast well said,I have no husband:18 For thou hast had five hus-bands; and he whom thou nowhast is not thy husband: in thatsaidst thou truly.19 The woman saith unto him,Sir, RI perceive that thou art aprophet. 6:14; 7:40; 9:1720 Our fathers worshipped inthis mountain; and ye say, that in

4:14 a well of water springing up into everlasting life. Jesus desired a drink of water.He then directed the focus of discussion from physical water to spiritual water, pointingout the tremendous advantages of the second kind, which is obtained without cost oreffort. This water satisfies completely and eternally. After describing the product, Hethen showed the woman her desperate need by gently bringing her sin of adultery tothe surface. Through all of this He resolutely refused to be sidetracked by irrelevant theo-logical debate or argument. She had already attempted to bring up the racial issue (thehatred between Samaritans and Jews) in verse 9. Now she raised the matter ofthe temple, demanding to know whether the true house of God resided on a Samaritanmountain or on a mountain in Jerusalem (v. 20). In answering the second questionChrist quickly pointed out that true worship is a spiritual matter, involving the heart, onwhich race and geography have no bearing whatever (vv. 23–24). Finally, He presentedHimself as the world’s only Savior (v. 26). 4:16 Go, call thy husband. Jesus men-tioned the woman’s husband in order to expose her sin (v. 18). 4:20 ye say, that inJerusalem. The Jews insisted that the exclusive place of worship was Jerusalem. Butthe Samaritans had set up a rival worship site on Mount Gerizim, which according totheir tradition was where Abraham went to sacrifice Isaac and where later on he metMelchizedek. 4:24 God is a spirit . . . worship him in spirit and in truth. God is notlimited by time and space. When people are born of the Spirit, they can commune withGod anywhere. Spirit is the opposite of what is material and earthly, for example, MountGerizim. Christ makes worship a matter of the heart. Truth is what is in harmony withthe nature and will of God. The issue is not where a person worships, but how andwhom.

RJerusalem is the place wheremen ought to worship. 2 Ch 7:12

21 Jesus saith unto her,Woman, believe me, the hour

cometh, when ye shall neither inthis mountain, nor yet at Jerusa-lem, worship the Father.22 Ye worship ye know notwhat: we know what we worship:for salvation is of the Jews.23 But the hour cometh, and nowis, when the true worshippers shallworship the Father in spirit Randin truth: for the Father seekethsuch to worship him. [1:17]24 RGod is a Spirit: and they thatworship him must worship him inspirit and in truth. 2 Co 3:1725 The woman saith unto him, Iknow that Mes-si′-as cometh,which is called Christ: when he iscome, he will tell us all things.26 Jesus saith unto her, RI thatspeak unto thee am he. Da 9:2527 And upon this came his disci-ples, and marvelled that hetalked with Tthe woman: yet noman said, What seekest thou? or,Why talkest thou with her? Lit. a

4:13–14 4:16–17 4:21–24

1559 JOHN 4:49

28 The woman then left herwaterpot, and went her way

into the city, and saith to the men,29 Come, see a man, which toldme all things that ever I did: Tisnot this the Christ? could this be

30 Then they went out of thecity, and came unto him.31 In the mean while his disci-ples Tprayed him, saying, TMas-ter, eat. urged z Gr. Rabbi

32 But he said unto them, I havemeat to eat that ye know not of.33 Therefore said the disciplesone to another, Hath any manbrought him ought to eat?34 Jesus saith unto them, Mymeat is to do the will of him thatsent me, and to finish his work.35 Say not ye, There are yet fourmonths, and then cometh Rharv-est? behold, I say unto you, Liftup your eyes, and look on thefields; Rfor they are white alreadyto harvest. Ge 8:22 z Ma 9:3736 And he that reapeth receivethwages, and gathereth fruit untolife eternal: that Rboth he that sow-eth and he that reapeth may re-joice together. 1 Th 2:1937 And herein is that sayingtrue, ROne soweth, and anotherreapeth. 1 Co 3:5–938 I sent you to reap that where-on ye bestowed no labour: Rothermen laboured, and ye are enteredinto their labours. [1 Pe 1:12]39 And many of the Sa-mar′-i-tans of that city believed on himR for the saying of the woman,which testified, He told me allthat ever I did. v. 29

4:29 all things that ever I did. In her excitement, the woman exaggerated. She did notreport what Jesus actually told her, but what He could have told her. Note the woman’sspiritual journey. She first viewed Christ as a Jew (v. 9), then as a prophet (v. 19), andfinally as the Messiah. 4:36 receiveth wages. The reaper of a spiritual harvest re-ceives wages—that is, fruit which brings joy. In this case, Jesus sowed by giving themessage to the woman. The disciples were going to reap the harvest that He had sown.4:42 Saviour of the world. This title is used only here and in 1 John 4:14. The Jews ofJesus’ day taught that to approach God, one first had to be a Jew. By including thisincident in the Gospel, John demonstrates that Jesus is for all people of the world.4:46 a certain nobleman. This was probably someone who was in the service of theking. Herod Antipas was technically the ‘‘tetrarch’’ of Galilee, but he was referred to asa king.

40 So when the Sa-mar′-i-tanswere come unto him, they T be-sought him that he would Ttarrywith them: and he Tabode theretwo days. urged z stay z stayed

41 And many more believed be-cause of his own Rword; [6:63]

42 And said unto the woman,Now we believe, not because

of thy saying: for Rwe have heardhim ourselves, and know that thisis indeed the Christ, the Saviour ofthe world. 17:8; 1 Jo 4:1443 Now after two days he de-parted thence, and went into Gal-ilee.44 For RJesus himself testified,that a prophet hath no honour inhis own country. Mk 6:4; Lk 4:2445 Then when he was come intoGalilee, the Gal-i-lae′-ans re-ceived him, Rhaving seen all thethings that he did at Jerusalem atthe feast: Rfor they also wentunto the feast. 2:13, 23; 3:2 z De 16:16

46 So Jesus came again intoCana of Galilee, where he

made the water wine. And therewas a certain nobleman, whoseson was sick at Ca-per′-na-um.47 When he heard that Jesuswas come out of Ju-dae′-a intoGalilee, he went unto him, andbesought him that he would comedown, and heal his son: for hewas at the point of death.48 Then said Jesus unto him,RExcept ye see signs and won-ders, ye will not believe. 6:3049 The nobleman saith unto

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1560JOHN 4:50

him, Sir, come down Tere mychild die. before my child dies

50 Jesus saith unto him, Go thyway; thy son liveth. And the manbelieved the word that Jesus hadspoken unto him, and he went hisway.51 And as he was now goingdown, his servants met him, andtold him, saying, Thy son liveth.52 Then enquired he of them thehour when he began to Tamend.And they said unto him, Yester-day at the seventh hour the feverleft him. get better

53 So the father knew that it

was at the same hour, in thewhich Jesus said unto him, Thyson liveth: and himself believed,and his whole Thouse. household

54 This is again the second Tmir-acle that Jesus did, when he wascome out of Ju-dae′-a into Gali-lee. sign

5After R this there was afeast of the Jews; and Jesus

Rwent up to Jerusalem. Le 23:2 z 2:132 Now there is at JerusalemR by the sheep T market a pool,which is called in the Hebrewtongue Be-thes′-da, having fiveporches. Ne 3:1, 32; 12:39 z Gate3 In these lay a great multitudeof Timpotent folk, of blind, Thalt,withered, waiting for the movingof the water. sick people z lame

4 For an angel went down at acertain Tseason into the pool, andtroubled the water: whosoeverthen first after the troubling ofthe water stepped in was made

5:2 the sheep market. This should be translated ‘‘gate.’’ It was in the wall of Jerusalemnear the temple, through which sheep were brought for sacrifice. 5:9 took up hisbed, and walked. Carrying a bed on the Sabbath was considered a violation of the lawof Moses (v. 10). 5:10 it is not lawful. The law of Moses taught that the Sabbath mustbe different from other days. On it, neither people nor animals could work. The prophetJeremiah had prohibited carrying burdens or working on the Sabbath (Je 17:21–22).Over the years, the Jewish leaders had amassed thousands of rules and regulationsconcerning the Sabbath. By Jesus’ day, they had 39 different classifications of work.According to them, carrying furniture and even providing medical treatment on theSabbath were forbidden. Jesus did not break the law. He violated the traditions of thePharisees which had grown up around the law.

whole of whatsoever disease hehad. time

5 And a certain man was there,which had an infirmity thirty andeight years.6 When Jesus saw him lie, andknew that he had been now along time in that case, he saithunto him, Wilt thou be madewhole?7 The impotent man answeredhim, Sir, I have no man, when thewater is troubled, to put me intothe pool: but while I am coming,another steppeth down beforeme.8 Jesus saith unto him, RRise,take up thy bed, and walk. Ma 9:69 And immediately the manwas made whole, and took up hisbed, and walked: and Ron thesame day was the sabbath. 9:1410 The Jews therefore said untohim that was cured, It is the sab-bath day: R it is not lawful for theeto carry thy bed. Ex 20:10; Ne 13:1911 He answered them, He thatmade me whole, the same saidunto me, Take up thy bed, andwalk.12 Then asked they him, Whatman is that which said unto thee,Take up thy bed, and walk?13 And he that was healed Twistnot who it was: for Jesus had con-veyed himself away, a multitudebeing in that place. knew

14 Afterward Jesus findeth himin the temple, and said unto him,Behold, thou art made whole:

5:1–16

1561 JOHN 5:28Rsin no more, lest a worse thingcome unto thee. Ma 12:45; [Mk 2:5]15 The man departed, and toldthe Jews that it was Jesus, whichhad made him whole.16 And therefore did the Jewspersecute Jesus, and sought toslay him, because he had donethese things on the sabbath day.17 But Jesus answered them,RMy Father worketh hitherto, andI work. [9:4; 17:4]18 Therefore the Jews Rsoughtthe more to kill him, because henot only had broken the sabbath,but said also that God was his Fa-ther, Rmaking himself equal withGod. 7:1, 19 z 10:30; Ph 2:619 Then answered Jesus andsaid unto them, Verily, verily, Isay unto you, RThe Son can do no-thing of himself, but what he seeththe Father do: for what things so-ever he doeth, these also doeth theSon likewise. 8:28; 12:49; 14:10

20 For Rthe Father loveth theSon, and sheweth him all

things that himself doeth: and hewill shew him greater works thanthese, that ye may marvel. 3:3521 For as the Father raiseth upthe dead, and Tquickeneth them;

5:16 did the Jews persecute Jesus. This is the first recorded declaration of openhostility toward Jesus in the Gospel of John. 5:17 My Father. Jesus is ‘‘the onlybegotten Son’’ (1:14,18; 3:16,18)—that is, the unique Son of God. Here He claims notonly a unique relationship with God the Father, but also equality with God in nature.Since God continually does good works without allowing Himself to stop on the Sabbath,the Son does likewise, since He is equal with God. Certainly the Jewish leaders under-stood the implications of Jesus’ claims (v. 18). 5:19 The Son can do nothing ofhimself. Action by the Son apart from the Father is impossible because of the unity ofthe Father and the Son (v. 17). what things soever he doeth . . . doeth the Sonlikewise. Here is a claim of deity and unity with the Father. 5:22 all judgment untothe Son. The Jews recognized that God alone had the right to judge humanity. Inclaiming that the Father committed all judgment to Him, Jesus again claimed equalitywith God. 5:24 Never-Ending Life—One of the primary features of the new life thatwe have in Christ is that it is an eternal or everlasting life. This truth completely changeshow we look at our present lives and at the future. It needs to be seen as something wepossess even now (Jo 10:28). We have entered into a new, personal relationship withGod that gives us a spiritual vitality and fullness of life that we lacked before (Jo 17:3).It will be completely fulfilled in the future when we are bodily redeemed (Ro 8:23). Thegreatness of this spiritual reality constitutes a wonderful incentive to vigorously proclaimthe gospel to those who are still dead in trespasses and sins (Ep 2:1). 5:26 For. Thisindicates that this verse explains the previous verse. Christ can give life because HeHimself possesses life. He not only has a part in giving it, He is the source of it. This isanother testimony to Jesus’ deity because only God has life in Himself.

even so the Son quickeneth whomhe will. gives life to

22 For the Father judgeth noman, but Rhath committed alljudgment unto the Son: Ma 11:2723 That all men should honourthe Son, even as they honour theFather. R He that honoureth notthe Son honoureth not the Fatherwhich hath sent him. 1 Jo 2:23

24 Verily, verily, I say untoyou, R He that heareth my

word, and believeth on him thatsent me, hath everlasting life, andshall not come into condemna-tion; but is passed from deathunto life. 6:4725 Verily, verily, I say unto you,The hour is coming, and now is,when R the dead shall hear thevoice of the Son of God: and theythat hear shall live. [Ep 2:1, 5]26 For Ras the Father hath life inhimself; so hath he given to theSon to have life in himself; Ps 36:927 And Rhath given him author-ity to execute judgment also, be-cause he is the Son of man. 9:3928 Marvel not at this: for thehour is coming, in the which all

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1562JOHN 5:29

that are in the graves shall Rhearhis voice, [1 Th 4:15–17]29 And shall come forth; Rtheythat have done good, unto the res-urrection of life; and they thathave done evil, unto the resurrec-tion of damnation. Da 12:230 I can of mine own self donothing: as I hear, I judge: and myjudgment is just; because I seeknot mine own will, but the will ofthe Father which hath sent me.31 RIf I bear witness of myself,my witness is not true. 8:14; Re 3:1432 RThere is another that bearethwitness of me; and I know that thewitness which he witnesseth of meis true. [Ma 3:17; 1 Jo 5:6]33 Ye sent unto John, Rand hebare witness unto the truth. [1:15]34 But I receive not testimonyfrom man: but these things I say,that ye might be saved.35 He was a burning and a shin-ing light: and ye were willing fora season to rejoice in his light.36 But RI have greater witnessthan that of John: for the workswhich the Father hath given meto finish, the same Rworks that Ido, bear witness of me, that theFather hath sent me. 1 Jo 5:9 z 9:16

37 And the Father himself,which hath sent me, R hath

borne witness of me. Ye have nei-ther heard his voice at any time,Rnor seen his shape. Ma 3:17 z De 4:12

5:29 resurrection of life . . . resurrection of damnation. Two separate resurrectionsare presented here in the fashion of the Old Testament prophets, who often groupedtogether events of the future without distinction of the time (Is 61:2). Jesus was teachingthe universality of resurrection, not the timing of it. 5:31–32 my witness is not true. IfChrist were the only one bearing witness of what He was claiming, His witness wouldnot be accepted. According to Jewish legal practice, a person’s testimony about himselfwas not accepted in court. So, in this case, Jesus offered another witness—John theBaptist (v. 33). 5:42 the love of God. This love is not love from God but love for God.Love from God is evidenced in Christ (3:16; Ro 5:8). Since God loves us, we should loveHim (De 6:5; 1 Jo 4:19). 5:45 ye trust. Christ will not have to accuse the people onjudgment day because the one in whom they place their trust, Moses, will. The peoplewill be condemned by the very law they professed to keep. 5:46 for he wrote of me.Moses wrote about Christ in the promises to the patriarchs, in the history of the deliver-ance from Egypt, in the symbolic institutions of the law, and in the prediction of a Prophetlike himself (Lk 24:25–26). If the people had believed Moses, they would have receivedJesus gladly. Over 300 Old Testament prophecies were specifically fulfilled in the firstcoming of Christ. 6:1 sea of Galilee, which is the sea of Tiberias. John’s use of the

38 And ye have not his wordabiding in you: for whom he hathsent, him ye believe not.

39 R Search the scriptures;for in them ye think ye have

eternal life: and they are theywhich testify of me. Is 8:20; 34:1640 RAnd ye will not come to me,that ye might have life. [1:11; 3:19]41 RI receive not honour frommen. v. 44; 7:18; 1 Th 2:642 But I know you, that ye havenot the love of God in you.43 I am come in my Father’sname, and ye receive me not: ifanother shall come in his ownname, him ye will receive.44 RHow can ye believe, whichreceive honour one of another,and seek not the honour thatcometh from God only? 12:4345 Do not think that I will ac-cuse you to the Father: Rthere isone that accuseth you, even Mo-ses, in whom ye trust. Ro 2:1246 For had ye believed Moses, yewould have believed me: Rfor hewrote of me. De 18:15, 18; Ac 26:2247 But if ye believe Rnot his writ-ings, how shall ye believe mywords? Lk 16:29, 31

6After these things Jesuswent over the sea of Gali-

lee, which is the sea of RTi-be′-ri-as. v. 23; 21:1

5:37 5:39 6:1–15

1563 JOHN 6:19

2 And a great multitude fol-lowed him, because they saw hisTmiracles which he did on themthat were Rdiseased. signs z Ma 4:233 And Jesus went up into amountain, and there he sat withhis disciples.4 RAnd the passover, a feast ofthe Jews, was Tnigh. 2:13 z near

5 When Jesus then lifted up hiseyes, and saw a great companycome unto him, he saith untoRPhilip, Whence shall we buybread, that these may eat? 1:436 And this he said to T provehim: for he himself knew what hewould do. test

7 Philip answered him, Twohundred pennyworth of bread isnot sufficient for them, that everyone of them may take a little.8 One of his disciples, R An-drew, Simon Peter’s brother,saith unto him, 1:409 There is a lad here, whichhath five barley loaves, and twosmall fishes: Rbut what are theyamong so many? 2 Ki 4:4310 And Jesus said, Make themen sit down. Now there wasmuch grass in the place. So themen sat down, in number aboutfive thousand.11 And Jesus took the loaves;and when he had given thanks,he distributed to the disciples,and the disciples to them that

name Tiberias is an indication that his Gospel was written for those outside of Palestine.The Jewish people called this body of water the Lake of Genessaret. The Romans calledit Tiberias, after the city built on its western shore by Herod Antipas and named for theEmperor Tiberius. 6:7 Two hundred pennyworth. One pennyworth was a day’s wagefor a laborer or field hand (Ma 20:2). Two hundred pennyworth would have been almosttwo-thirds of a year’s wages. 6:9 barley loaves. These were an inexpensive food ofthe common people and the poor. 6:10–11 in number about five thousand . . . hedistributed to . . . them that were set down. This is the only miracle of Jesus that isrecounted in all four Gospels. 6:15 to make him a king. Moses had not only miracu-lously provided food for the Israelites, he had also led them out of bondage in Egypt.Perhaps these men felt that Jesus could lead them out of bondage to the Romans.Christ was at the zenith of His popularity, and the temptation to take the kingdom withoutthe cross must have been great (Ma 4:8–10). 6:19–21 they see Jesus walking onthe sea. This miracle, the fifth sign recorded by John, pointed to Jesus’ deity. Only Godcould walk on water, calm the sea, and supernaturally transport the disciples to theirdestination.

were set down; and likewise ofthe fishes as much as they would.12 When they were filled, hesaid unto his disciples, Gather upthe fragments that remain, thatnothing be lost.13 Therefore they gatheredthem together, and filled twelvebaskets with the fragments ofthe five barley loaves, which re-mained over and above untothem that had eaten.14 Then those men, when theyhad seen the miracle that Jesusdid, said, This is of a truth Rthatprophet that should come into theworld. De 18:15, 18; Ac 3:22; 7:3715 When Jesus therefore per-ceived that they would come andtake him by force, to make him aRking, he departed again into amountain himself alone. [18:36]

16 RAnd when Teven was now

come, his disciples went downunto the sea, Ma 14:23 z evening

17 And entered into a ship, andwent over the sea toward Ca-per′-na-um. And it was now dark, andJesus Twas not come to them. had

18 And the sea arose by reasonof a great wind that blew.19 So when they had rowedabout five and twenty or thirtyfurlongs, they see Jesus walkingon the sea, and drawing nigh

6:16–21

1564JOHN 6:20

unto the ship: and they wereafraid.20 But he saith unto them, RIt isI; be not afraid. Is 43:1, 221 Then they willingly receivedhim into the ship: and immedi-ately the ship was at the landwhither they Twent. were going

22 The day following, when thepeople which stood on the otherside of the sea saw that there wasnone other boat there, Tsave thatone whereinto his disciples wereentered, and that Jesus went notwith his disciples into the boat,but that his disciples were goneaway alone; except

23 (Howbeit there came otherboats from Ti-be′-ri-as Tnigh untothe place where they did eatbread, after that the Lord hadgiven thanks:) near

24 When the people thereforesaw that Jesus was not there, nei-ther his disciples, they also Ttookshipping, and came to Ca-per′-na-um, seeking for Jesus. got into boats

25 And when they had foundhim on the other side of the sea,they said unto him, Rabbi, whencamest thou hither?26 Jesus answered them andsaid, Verily, verily, I say unto you,Ye seek me, not because ye sawthe miracles, but because ye dideat of the loaves, and were filled.

27 Labour not for the meatwhich perisheth, but Rfor that

meat which endureth unto ever-lasting life, which the Son of manshall give unto you: for him hathGod the Father sealed. 4:1428 Then said they unto him,

6:27 Labour not for . . . meat. The impression that one must work for eternal life isquickly corrected when Jesus adds ‘‘which the Son of man shall give unto you.’’ TheSon provides life as a gift (4:10). 6:31 He gave them bread from heaven. There wasa tradition that said the Messiah would cause manna to fall from heaven as Moses did(Ex 16:4,15). The people probably also saw this ‘‘miracle worker’’ as the perpetual providerof physical needs rather than spiritual ones. 6:32 my Father. The crowd misrepresentedthe truth, so Jesus corrected them. The manna had not come from Moses; it had beenprovided by God. Moreover, God still gives true bread—that is, eternal life (v. 33). 6:39–40 the Father’s will. This is twofold: (1) that all who come to the Son will be received andnot lost; (2) that all who see and believe on the Son will have eternal life.

What shall we do, that we mightwork the works of God?29 Jesus answered and saidunto them, RThis is the work ofGod, that ye believe on him whomhe hath sent. Jam 2:22; [1 Jo 3:23]30 They said therefore unto him,R What sign shewest thou then,that we may see, and believe thee?what dost thou work? 1 Co 1:2231 Our fathers did eat man′-nain the desert; as it is written, RHegave them bread from heaven toeat. Ex 16:4, 15; Ne 9:15; Ps 78:2432 Then Jesus said unto them,Verily, verily, I say unto you, Mo-ses gave you not that bread fromheaven; but Rmy Father giveth youthe true bread from heaven. 3:13, 1633 For the bread of God is hewhich cometh down from heaven,and giveth life unto the world.34 Then said they unto him,Lord, evermore give us thisbread.

35 And Jesus said untothem, RI am the bread of life:

Rhe that cometh to me shall neverhunger; and he that believeth onme shall never thirst. vv. 48, 58 z 4:1436 RBut I said unto you, That yealso have seen me, and believeRnot. vv. 26, 64; 15:24 z 10:26

37 RAll that the Father giv-eth me shall come to me; and

Rhim that cometh to me I will inno wise cast out. v. 45 z [10:28, 29]38 For I came down from heaven,not to do mine own will, Rbut thewill of him that sent me. 4:3439 And this is the Father’s will

6:27 6:35 6:37

1565 JOHN 6:56

which hath sent me, Rthat of allwhich he hath given me I shouldlose nothing, but should raise itup again at the last day. 10:28; 17:12

40 And this is the will of himthat sent me, Rthat every one

which seeth the Son, and believethon him, may have everlasting life:and I will raise him up at the lastday. vv. 27, 47, 54; 3:15, 16; 4:1441 The Jews then Tmurmured athim, because he said, I am thebread which came down fromheaven. grumbled

42 And they said, R Is not thisJesus, the son of Joseph, whosefather and mother we know? howis it then that he saith, I camedown from heaven? Lk 4:2243 Jesus therefore answeredand said unto them, TMurmur notamong yourselves. Stop grumbling

44 No man can come to me,except the Father which hath

sent me Rdraw him: and I will raisehim up at the last day. [Ph 1:29]45 It is written in the prophets,And they shall be all taught ofGod. Every man therefore thathath heard, and hath learned ofthe Father, cometh unto me.46 RNot that any man hath seenthe Father, save he which is ofGod, he hath seen the Father. 1:1847 Verily, verily, I say unto you,

6:42 the son of Joseph. The religious leaders’ proof that Jesus was not from heavenwas that they knew His parents. To them, there was nothing supernatural about Jesus’origin. 6:47 everlasting life. What are the implications of ‘‘life’’ as referred to byChrist? First, it speaks of present-day peace and purpose. Multitudes, unable to experi-ence peace or find purpose, take their own lives. But the Christian, possessing bothpeace and purpose, can rejoice even in the midst of fiery trials, knowing that GodHimself will arrange the outcome for His glory and their good (Ro 8:28). Second, spirituallife assures our own eternal existence with Jesus after our present work is completed(Ph 1:23). Third, it guarantees an exchange of a corruptible and temporary body offlesh and bone for an incorruptible and eternal body (1 Co 15:42–44), fashioned afterChrist’s glorious, resurrected body (Ph 3:21). Fourth, we are confident, having this life,that no faithful deed done for Christ will be in vain (1 Co 15:58), but that every faithfullabor will actually carry with it a rich reward (2 Ti 4:7–8). 6:48–49 I am that bread oflife. Those who believe in Him have life (v. 47). The manna in the wilderness did notultimately sustain life. Those who ate it eventually died because it could not provideeternal life. 6:53–58 eateth my flesh, and drinketh my blood. Jesus had made itabundantly clear in this context that eternal life is gained by believing (vv. 29,35,40,47).These verses teach that the benefits of Jesus’ death must be appropriated, by faith, byeach individual.

RHe that believeth on me hatheverlasting life. [3:16, 18]48 I am that bread of life.49 Your fathers did eat man′-nain the wilderness, and are dead.

50 This is the bread whichcometh down from heaven,

that a man may eat thereof, andnot die.51 I am the living bread whichcame down from heaven: if anyman eat of this bread, he shall livefor ever: and Rthe bread that I willgive is my flesh, which I will givefor the life of the world. He 10:552 The Jews therefore RstroveT

among themselves, saying, Howcan this man give us his flesh toeat? 7:43; 9:16; 10:19 z quarrelled

53 Then Jesus said unto them,Verily, verily, I say unto you, Ex-cept Rye eat the flesh of the Sonof man, and drink his blood, yehave no life in you. Ma 26:2654 RWhoso eateth my flesh, anddrinketh my blood, hath eternallife; and I will raise him up at thelast day. vv. 27, 40; 4:1455 For my flesh is meat indeed,and my blood is drink indeed.56 He that eateth my flesh, anddrinketh my blood, Rdwelleth inme, and I in him. [1 Jo 3:24; 4:15, 16]

6:40 6:44–47 6:50–51

1566JOHN 6:57

57 As the living Father hath sentme, and I live by the Father: so hethat eateth me, even he shall liveTby me. because of

58 R This is that bread whichcame down from heaven: not asyour fathers did eat man′-na, andare dead: he that eateth of thisbread shall live for ever. vv. 49–5159 These things said he in thesynagogue, as he taught in Ca-per′-na-um.60 RMany therefore of his disci-ples, when they had heard this,said, This is an hard saying; whocan Thear it? Ma 11:6 z understand

61 When Jesus knew in himselfthat his disciples Tmurmured atit, he said unto them, Doth thisoffend you? grumbled

62 RWhat and if ye shall see theSon of man ascend up where hewas before? 3:13; Ac 1:9; Ep 4:8

63 It is the spirit that quick-eneth; the flesh profiteth

nothing: the words that I speakunto you, they are spirit, and theyare life.64 But Rthere are some of youthat believe not. For RJesus knewfrom the beginning who theywere that believed not, and whoshould betray him. v. 36 z 2:24, 2565 And he said, Therefore RsaidI unto you, that no man can comeunto me, except it were given untohim of my Father. vv. 37, 44, 4566 RFrom that time many of hisdisciples went Tback, and walkedno more with him. Lk 9:62 z away

6:60 This is an hard saying. It was hard for the Jewish learners to accept the idea ofeating flesh and drinking blood. Jews were forbidden to even taste blood. 6:63 It isthe spirit that quickeneth. Jesus was trying to get the religious leaders to see beyondthe physical aspects of His teaching to the real issue—namely, that if they believed onHim they would have eternal life. 7:2 feast of tabernacles. This was one of the threegreat Jewish religious festivals (Passover and Pentecost were the other two). It wascalled the Feast of Tabernacles (Booths) because for seven days the people lived inmakeshift shelters or lean-tos made of branches and leaves. The feast commemoratedthe days when the Israelites wandered in the wilderness and lived in tents (Le 23:40–43). 7:3–4 His brethren. Jesus’ brothers argued, ‘‘If You are really working miraclesand thus claiming to be the Messiah, do not hide in obscure Galilee. If you are doingmiracles at all, then do them in Jerusalem at the Feast to convince the whole nation.’’These words were sarcastic, as verse 5 explains.

67 Then said Jesus unto thetwelve, Will ye also go away?68 Then Simon Peter answeredhim, Lord, to whom shall we go?thou hast Rthe words of eternallife. Ac 5:2069 RAnd we believe and are surethat thou art that Christ, the Sonof the living God. 11:27; Mk 8:2970 Jesus answered them, RHavenot I chosen you twelve, Rand oneof you is a devil? Lk 6:13 z [13:27]71 He spake of R Judas Is-car′-i-ot the son of Simon: for he itwas that should betray him, be-ing one of the twelve. 12:4; 13:2, 26

7After these things Jesus walkedin Galilee: for he would not

walk in TJewry, because the Jewssought to kill him. Judea

2 RNow the Jews’ feast of tab-ernacles was at hand. Le 23:343 RHis brethren therefore saidunto him, Depart hence, and gointo Ju-dae′-a, that thy disciplesalso may see the works that thoudoest. Ma 12:46; Mk 3:21; Ac 1:144 For there is no man that do-eth any thing in secret, Tand hehimself seeketh to be knownopenly. If thou do these things,shew thyself to the world. while

5 For neither did his Rbrethrenbelieve in him. Ma 12:46; 13:556 Then Jesus said unto them,RMy time is not yet come: butyour time is alway ready. 2:4; 8:207 RThe world cannot hate you;but me it hateth, Rbecause I tes-

6:63

1567 JOHN 7:31

tify of it, that the works thereofare evil. [15:19] z 3:198 Go ye up unto this feast: I gonot up yet unto this feast; Rfor mytime is not yet full come. 8:209 When he had said thesewords unto them, he Tabode stillin Galilee. remained

10 But when his brethren weregone up, then went he also upunto the feast, not openly, but asit were in secret.11 Then the Jews sought him atthe feast, and said, Where is he?12 And Rthere was much mur-muring among the people con-cerning him: for some said, He isa good man: others said, Nay; buthe deceiveth the people. 9:16; 10:1913 Howbeit no man spake openlyof him for fear of the Jews.14 Now about the midst of thefeast Jesus went up into the tem-ple, and Rtaught. Ps 22:22; Ma 4:2315 And the Jews marvelled, say-ing, How knoweth this man let-ters, having never learned?16 Jesus answered them, andsaid, RMy doctrine is not mine,but his that sent me. De 18:15, 18, 1917 RIf any man will do his will,he shall know of the doctrine,whether it be of God, or whetherI speak of myself. 3:21; 8:4318 RHe that speaketh of himselfseeketh his own glory: but he thatRseeketh his glory that sent him,the same is true, and Rno unrigh-teousness is in him. 5:41 z 8:50 z 8:4619 RDid not Moses give you thelaw, and yet none of you keepeththe law? RWhy go ye about to killme? Ac 7:38 z Ma 12:1420 The people answered and

7:14 the midst of the feast. This would have been the fourth day of the seven-dayfeast. During the first half of the festival, Jesus remained in seclusion (v. 10). During thesecond half, He began to teach publicly. This is the first mention in the Gospel of Johnof Jesus teaching in the temple. 7:15 having never learned. Jesus never attended arabbinical school. Similar bewilderment was later expressed regarding Jesus’ disciples(Ac 4:13). 7:28–29 Ye both know me, and ye know whence I am. Jesus remindedthe leaders that they knew His origin. Their problem was that they did not know God,who sent Jesus. He explained to them that He knew God, was from God, and was sentby God.

said, RThou hast a devil: who go-eth about to kill thee? 8:48, 5221 Jesus answered and saidunto them, I have done one work,and ye all marvel.22 RMoses therefore gave untoyou circumcision; (not because itis of Moses, Rbut of the fathers;)and ye on the sabbath day cir-cumcise a man. Le 12:3 z Ge 17:9–1423 If a man on the sabbath dayreceive circumcision, that the lawof Moses should not be broken;are ye angry at me, because RIhave made a man every whitwhole on the sabbath day? 5:8, 9, 1624 RJudge not according to theappearance, but judge righteousjudgment. 8:15; Pr 24:23; Jam 2:125 Then said some of them of Je-rusalem, Is not this he, whomthey seek to Rkill? 5:18; 8:37, 4026 But, lo, he speaketh boldly,and they say nothing unto him.RDo the rulers know indeed thatthis is the very Christ? v. 4827 RHowbeit we know this manwhence he is: but when Christcometh, no man knoweth whencehe is. Ma 13:55; Mk 6:3; Lk 4:2228 Then cried Jesus in the tem-ple as he taught, saying, RYe bothknow me, and ye know whence Iam: and RI am not come of myself,but he that sent me is true, Rwhomye know not. 8:14 z 5:43 z 1:18; 8:5529 But I know him: for I am fromhim, and he hath sent me.30 Then R they sought to takehim: but Rno man laid hands onhim, because his hour was not yetcome. Mk 11:18 z Ma 21:4631 And Rmany of the people be-lieved on him, and said, When

1568JOHN 7:32

Christ cometh, will he do moreTmiracles than these which thisman hath done? Ma 12:23 z signs

32 The Pharisees heard that thepeople murmured such thingsconcerning him; and the Phari-sees and the chief priests sent of-ficers to take him.33 Then said Jesus unto them,RYet a little while am I with you,and then I Rgo unto him that sentme. 13:33 z [Lk 24:51; Ac 1:9]34 Ye Rshall seek me, and shallnot find me: and where I am,thither ye cannot come. Ho 5:635 Then said the Jews amongthemselves, Whither will he go,that we shall not find him? willhe go unto the dispersed amongthe Gentiles, and teach the Gen-tiles?36 What manner of saying isthis that he said, Ye shall seek me,and shall not find me: and whereI am, thither ye cannot come?37 R In the last day, that greatday of the feast, Jesus stoodand cried, saying, If any manthirst, let him come unto me, anddrink. Le 23:36

38 RHe that believeth on me,as the scripture hath said,

Rout of his belly shall flow riversof living water. De 18:15 z Is 12:339 (But this spake he of theSpirit, which they that believe onhim should receive: for the Holy

7:32 to take him. The Jewish leaders decided earlier that they wanted to kill Christ(5:16), but this is the first real attempt on His life. 7:37–39 that great day of the feast.On each day of the feast, the people came with palm branches and marched aroundthe great altar. A priest took a golden pitcher filled with water from the pool of Siloam,carried it to the temple, and poured it on the altar as an offering to God. This dramaticceremony was a memorial of the water that flowed from the rock when the Israelitestraveled through the wilderness. On the last day of the feast, the people marched seventimes around the altar in memory of the seven circuits around the walls of Jericho.7:38 as the scripture hath said. The reference is not to a single passage, but to thegeneral emphasis of such passages as Deuteronomy 18:15, Isaiah 58:11, and Zechariah14:8. In contrast to the small amount of water poured out each day during the feast,there will be a river of water coming out of those who believe in Christ. Not only will theybe satisfied themselves, but they will also become a river so that others may drink andbe satisfied (v. 39). 7:40–42 Christ cometh of the seed of David. These peopleknew that the Messiah was to come from Bethlehem (Mi 5:2). However, they didnot know that Jesus had been born there. They thought He was from Galilee. They knewthe Scripture, but they did not take the time to know the Messiah (5:39).

Ghost was not yet given; becausethat Jesus was not yet glorified.)40 Many of the people there-fore, when they heard this say-ing, said, Of a truth this is theProphet.41 Others said, This is R theChrist. But some said, Shall Christcome out of Galilee? 4:4242 Hath not the scripture said,That Christ cometh of the seedof David, and out of the town ofBeth′-le-hem, where David was?43 So there was a division amongthe people because of him.44 And R some of them wouldhave taken him; but no man laidhands on him. v. 3045 Then came the officers to thechief priests and Pharisees; andthey said unto them, Why have yenot brought him?46 The officers answered, Neverman spake like this man.47 Then answered them thePharisees, Are ye also deceived?48 Have any of the rulers or ofthe Pharisees believed on him?49 But this Tpeople who know-eth not the law are cursed. crowd

50 Nic-o-de′-mus saith untothem, (Rhe that came to Jesus bynight, being one of them,) 19:3951 R Doth our law judge any

7:38–39

1569 JOHN 8:13

man, before it hear him, andknow what he doeth? De 1:16, 1752 They answered and said untohim, Art thou also of Galilee?Search, and look: for Rout of Gali-lee ariseth no prophet. Ma 4:1553 And every man went unto hisown house.

8 Jesus went unto the mount ofOlives.

2 And early in the morning hecame again into the temple, andall the people came unto him; andhe sat down, and taught them.3 And the scribes and Phari-sees brought unto him a womanTtaken in adultery; and when theyhad set her in the midst, caught

4 They say unto him, Master,this woman was taken in Radul-tery, in the very act. Ex 20:145 Now Moses in the law com-manded us, that such should bestoned: but what sayest thou?6 This they said, T temptinghim, that they Rmight have to ac-cuse him. But Jesus stoopeddown, and with his finger wroteon the ground, as though he

heard them not. testing z Ma 22:157 So when they continued ask-ing him, he Tlifted up himself, and

8:2 he sat down. Teachers in ancient Israel sat when they taught. Jesus assumed theposition of an authoritative teacher. 8:3 a woman taken in adultery. The scribes andPharisees were not interested in helping the woman, but in using her sinful circum-stances to discredit Jesus (v. 6). His refusal to countenance the stoning of the womandoes not bring Him into conflict with the law given to Moses, nor does He condone sin.The issue in the encounter was not the woman’s sin but her accusers’ blindness to theirown sin. Those who are lax and indulgent with themselves are often harsh in condemn-ing the sins of others. Jesus’ exposure of the iniquity of the scribes and Pharisees forcedthem to leave in silence. 8:4–5 Moses in the law commanded us, that such shouldbe stoned. Stoning was specified in certain cases of adultery (De 22:23–24), thoughnot all. (It is not clear why the authorities intended to punish the woman but not theman.) In the Greek text, the pronoun thou is emphatic. The religious leaders were tryingto trap Jesus into saying something that was contrary to the law. 8:6 tempting him.If Jesus had said not to stone her, He would have contradicted Jewish law. If He hadsaid to stone her, He would have run counter to Roman law, which did not permit Jewsto carry out their own executions (18:31). What Jesus wrote on the ground is a matterof conjecture. 8:13 thy record is not true. This phrase does not mean ‘‘false’’; itmeans ‘‘not sufficient.’’ The Pharisees challenged Jesus on legal grounds because noman on trial in a Jewish court was allowed to testify on his own behalf. Their point wasthat, if Jesus were the only one testifying as to who He claimed to be, it would not beenough to prove His case.

said unto them, RHe that is with-out sin among you, let him firstcast a stone at her. raised z De 17:78 And again he stooped down,and wrote on the ground.9 And they which heard it, Rbe-ing convicted by their own con-science, went out one by one,beginning at the eldest, even untothe last: and Jesus was left alone,and the woman standing in themidst. Ro 2:22

10 When Jesus had lifted uphimself, and saw none but

the woman, he said unto her,Woman, where are those thineaccusers? hath no man con-demned thee?11 She said, No man, Lord. AndJesus said unto her, RNeither doI condemn thee: go, and Rsin nomore. [3:17; Lk 9:56; 12:14] z [5:14]12 Then spake Jesus again untothem, saying, RI am the light of theworld: he that followeth me shallnot walk in darkness, but shallhave the light of life. 1:4; 9:5; Is 9:213 The Pharisees therefore saidunto him, RThou bearest record ofthyself; thy record is not true. 5:31

8:10–12

1570JOHN 8:14

14 Jesus answered and saidunto them, Though I bear recordof myself, yet my record is true:for I know whence I came, andwhither I go; but ye cannot tellwhence I come, and whither I go.15 RYe judge after the flesh; RIjudge no man. 7:24 z [3:17; 12:47; 18:36]16 And yet if I judge, my judg-ment is true: for I am not alone,but I and the Father that sent me.17 RIt is also written in your law,that the testimony of two men istrue. Ma 18:16; 2 Co 13:1; He 10:2818 I am one that bear witness ofmyself, and Rthe Father that sentme beareth witness of me. 5:3719 Then said they unto him,Where is thy Father? Jesus an-swered, R Ye neither know me,nor my Father: R if ye had knownme, ye should have known my Fa-ther also. 16:3 z 14:720 These words spake Jesus inRthe treasury, as he taught in thetemple: and Rno man laid handson him; for Rhis hour was not yetcome. Lk 21:1 z 2:4; 7:30 z 7:821 Then said Jesus again untothem, I go my way, and Rye shallseek me, and Rshall die in yourTsins: whither I go, ye cannotcome. 7:34; 13:33 z v. 24 z Lit. sin

22 Then said the Jews, Will hekill himself? because he saith,Whither I go, ye cannot come.

23 And he said unto them,RYe are from beneath; I am

8:14 my record is true. In 5:31 Jesus argued on the basis of legality and offered otherwitnesses. Sometimes, however, an individual is the only one who knows the facts abouthimself. Thus, self-disclosure is the only way to truth (7:29; 13:3). 8:15 after the flesh.This could mean either ‘‘according to appearance’’ or ‘‘by human standards.’’ Thereligious leaders formed conclusions based on human standards and an imperfect,external, and superficial examination. Jesus did not judge according to human stan-dards or outward appearances. 8:24 I am. This was God’s designation of Himself (Ex3:14). Jesus was claiming to be God. This assertion was not understood by the religiousleaders at this time. Later, Jesus’ claim to be the ‘‘I am’’ (v. 58) prompted the Jewishleaders to seek His life (v. 59). 8:31 God’s Word Confirms—The Bible establishesthe truth in our own hearts in several ways: 1. It confirms our salvation. In Jesus’ ownwords in the Gospel of John: ‘‘Verily, verily, I say unto you, He that heareth my word,and believeth on him that sent me, hath everlasting life, and shall not come into condem-nation; but is passed from death unto life.’’ (Jo 5:24). Compare John 3:16; 6:27,35,37,40;10:27–29; Romans 8:1. 2. It confirms the hand of God in all of life’s bitter disappoint-ments. Romans 8:28 provides reassurance and comfort in these crucial situations:

from above: Rye are of this world;I am not of this world. 3:31 z 15:1924 R I said therefore unto you,that ye shall die in your sins: forif ye believe not that I am he, yeshall die in your sins. v. 2125 Then said they unto him,Who art thou? And Jesus saithunto them, Even the same that IRsaid unto you from the begin-ning. 4:2626 I have many things to say andto judge of you: but Rhe that sentme is true; and RI speak to theworld those things which I haveheard of him. 7:28 z 3:32; 15:1527 They understood not that hespake to them of the Father.28 Then said Jesus unto them,When ye have lifted up the Sonof man, then shall ye know that Iam he, and that I do nothing ofmyself; but as my Father hathtaught me, I speak these things.29 And he that sent me is withme: Rthe Father hath not left mealone; Rfor I do always thosethings that please him. 16:32 z 4:3430 As he spake these words,Rmany believed on him. 7:31; 10:42

31 Then said Jesus to thoseJews which believed on him,

If ye Rcontinue in my word, then

are ye my disciples indeed; [14:15]32 And ye shall know the Rtruth,

8:23–24 8:31–32

1571 JOHN 8:52

and Rthe truth shall make youfree. [1:14, 17; 14:6] z [Ro 6:14, 18, 22]33 They answered him, We beAbraham’s seed, and were neverin bondage to any man: how say-est thou, Ye shall be made free?34 Jesus answered them, Verily,verily, I say unto you, RWhosoevercommitteth sin is the Tservant ofsin. Pr 5:22; Ro 6:16; 2 Pe 2:19 z slave

35 And Rthe servant abideth notin the house for ever: but the Sonabideth ever. Ge 21:10; Ga 4:30

36 RIf the Son therefore shallmake you free, ye shall be free

indeed. [Ro 8:2; 2 Co 3:17]; Ga 5:137 I know that ye are Abraham’sTseed; but Rye seek to kill me, be-cause my word hath no place inyou. descendants z 7:1938 R I speak that which I haveseen with my Father: and ye dothat which ye have seen withyour father. [3:32; 5:19, 30; 14:10, 24]39 They answered and said untohim, R Abraham is our father.Jesus saith unto them, If ye wereAbraham’s children, ye would dothe works of Abraham. Ma 3:940 RBut now ye seek to kill me, aman that hath told you the truth,Rwhich I have heard of God: thisdid not Abraham. v. 37 z v. 2641 Ye do the deeds of your fa-ther. Then said they to him, Webe not born of fornication; Rwehave one Father, even God. De 32:642 Jesus said unto them, If Godwere your Father, ye would loveme: R for I proceeded forth andcame from God; neither came I ofmyself, but he sent me. 16:27; 17:8, 25

‘‘And we know that all things work together for good to them that love God, to them whoare the called according to his purpose.’’ 3. It confirms our forgiveness when we sin.Repeatedly, the Bible assures us that all confessed sin is instantly and eternally forgiven(Ps 32:5; 103:12; Is 38:17). 8:33 were never in bondage to any man. The Pharisees’objection is startling. In their past, the Israelites had been in bondage to the Egyptians,the Assyrians, and the Babylonians. At the time they spoke, Israel was under the powerof Rome. 8:39 Abraham is our father. The Pharisees believed that being a descen-dant of Abraham guaranteed them a place in heaven. 8:41 We be not born offornication. From ancient times, this has been interpreted as a sneer, as if to say, ‘‘Weare not illegitimate children, but You are.’’ Apparently gossip had followed Jesus formany years, alleging that He had been conceived out of wedlock.

43 RWhy do ye not understandmy speech? even because ye can-not hear my word. [7:17]44 Ye are of your father thedevil, and the lusts of your fatherye will do. He was a murdererfrom the beginning, and abodenot in the truth, because there isno truth in him. When he speak-eth a lie, he speaketh of his own:for he is a liar, and the father of it.45 And because I tell you thetruth, ye believe me not.46 Which of you Tconvinceth meof sin? And if I say the truth, whydo ye not believe me? convicts

47 R He that is of God hearethGod’s words: ye therefore hearthem not, because ye are not ofGod. 10:26; Lk 8:15; 1 Jo 4:648 Then answered the Jews, andsaid unto him, Say we not wellthat thou art a Sa-mar′-i-tan, andRhast a Tdevil? 7:20; 10:20 z demon

49 Jesus answered, I have not adevil; but I honour my Father, andRye do dishonour me. 5:4150 And R I seek not mine ownglory: there is one that seekethand judgeth. 5:41; 7:18; [Ph 2:6–8]

51 Verily, verily, I say untoyou, RIf a man keep my say-

ing, he shall never see death. 5:2452 Then said the Jews unto him,Now we know that thou hast adevil. RAbraham is dead, and theprophets; and thou sayest, If aman keep my saying, he shallnever taste of death. He 11:13

8:36 8:51

1572JOHN 8:53

53 Art thou greater than our fa-ther Abraham, which is dead?and the prophets are dead: whommakest thou thyself?54 Jesus answered, RIf I honourmyself, my honour is nothing: R itis my Father that honoureth me;of whom ye say, that he is yourGod: 5:31, 32 z 5:41; Ac 3:1355 Yet ye have not known him;but I know him: and if I shouldsay, I know him not, I shall be aliar like unto you: but I know him,and Rkeep his Tsaying. [15:10] z word

56 Your father Abraham R rej-oiced to see my day: and he sawit, and was glad. Lk 10:2457 Then said the Jews unto him,Thou art not yet fifty years old,and hast thou seen Abraham?58 Jesus said unto them, Verily,verily, I say unto you, Before Abra-ham was, RI am. Col 1:1759 Then Rtook they up stones tocast at him: but Jesus hid himself,and went out of the temple, Rgo-ing through the midst of them,and so passed by. 10:31; 11:8 z Lk 4:30

9And as Jesus passed by, hesaw a man which was blind

from his birth.2 And his disciples asked him,saying, TMaster, Rwho did sin, thisman, or his parents, that he wasborn blind? Rabbi z Lk 13:2; Ac 28:43 Jesus answered, Neither haththis man sinned, nor his parents:

8:53 Art thou greater than our father Abraham. Abraham and the prophets keptGod’s word and died. Jesus was claiming not that He would prevent physical death,but that He could give eternal life. To the Jewish leaders, this was proof that Jesus wasdemon-possessed. 8:58–59 I am. Jesus was not just claiming to have lived beforeAbraham; He was claiming eternal existence. He was claiming to be God Himself (Ex3:14). This time the Jewish leaders understood that Jesus was claiming to be God, sothey took up stones to stone Him for blasphemy (Le 24:16). 9:1 a man which wasblind from his birth. Most likely he was a beggar. Beggars waited by the gates of thetemple for gifts from worshipers. Therefore, it is likely that this scene took place near thetemple. 9:2 who did sin. It was commonly supposed that sickness was a result ofsin. It would follow that sin committed by a baby still in the womb or sin committed byparents could result in a baby being born with a disease. Jesus rejected both sugges-tions (v. 3). 9:7 pool of Siloam. Hezekiah had a tunnel cut through solid rock totransport water from Gihon into the city of Jerusalem, to the pool of Siloam (2 Ki 20:20;2 Ch 32:30). John emphasizes that the name Siloam means ‘‘sent,’’ because Jesus hadjust announced that He had been sent by God (v. 4).

Rbut that the works of God shouldbe made manifest in him. 11:44 I must work the works of himthat sent me, while it is Rday: thenight cometh, when no man canwork. 11:9, 10; 12:35; Ga 6:105 As long as I am in the world,RI am the light of the world. [3:19]6 When he had thus spoken,Rhe spat on the ground, and madeclay of the T spittle, and heanointed the eyes of the blind manwith the clay, Mk 7:33; 8:23 z saliva

7 And said unto him, Go, washR in the pool of Si-lo′-am, (whichis by interpretation, Sent.) Hewent his way therefore, andwashed, and came seeing. Is 8:68 The neighbours therefore,and they which before had seenhim that he was blind, said, Is notthis he that sat and begged?9 Some said, This is he: otherssaid, He is like him: but he said, Iam he.

10 Therefore said they unto him,How were thine eyes opened?11 He answered and said, Aman that is called Jesus madeclay, and anointed mine eyes, andsaid unto me, Go to the pool ofSi-lo′-am, and wash: and I wentand washed, and I received sight.12 Then said they unto him,Where is he? He said, I know not.

9:1–41

1573 JOHN 9:35

13 They brought to the Phari-sees him that Taforetime wasblind. formerly

14 And it was the sabbath daywhen Jesus made the clay, andopened his eyes.15 Then again the Phariseesalso asked him how he had re-ceived his sight. He said untothem, He put clay upon mineeyes, and I washed, and do see.16 Therefore said some of thePharisees, This man is not of God,because he keepeth not the sab-bath day. Others said, RHow can aman that is a sinner do such mira-cles? And Rthere was a divisionamong them. v. 33; 3:2 z 7:12, 43; 10:1917 They say unto the blind managain, What sayest thou of him,that he hath opened thine eyes? Hesaid, RHe is a prophet. [4:19; 6:14]18 But the Jews did not believeconcerning him, that he had beenblind, and received his sight, un-til they called the parents of himthat had received his sight.19 And they asked them, saying,Is this your son, who ye say wasborn blind? how then doth henow see?20 His parents answered themand said, We know that this is ourson, and that he was born blind:21 But by what means he nowseeth, we know not; or who hathopened his eyes, we know not: heis of age; ask him: he shall speakfor himself.22 These words spake his par-ents, because R they feared theJews: for the Jews had agreed al-ready, that if any man did confessthat he was Christ, he Rshould beput out of the synagogue. 7:13 z 16:2

9:22 put out of the synagogue. To take this action was a form of excommunication.The Jews had three types of excommunication: one lasting 30 days, during which theperson could not come within six feet of anybody else; one for an indefinite time, duringwhich the person was excluded from all fellowship and worship; and one that meantabsolute expulsion forever. These judgments were very serious because no one couldconduct business with a person who was excommunicated. 9:30–33 was it notheard. There is no healing of a blind man recorded anywhere in the Old Testament.

23 Therefore said his parents,He is of age; ask him.24 Then again called they theman that was blind, and said untohim, Give God the praise: weknow that this man is a sinner.25 He answered and said,Whether he be a sinner or no, Iknow not: one thing I know, that,whereas I was blind, now I see.26 Then said they to him again,What did he to thee? how openedhe thine eyes?27 He answered them, I havetold you already, and ye did nothear: wherefore would ye hear itagain? Twill ye also be his disci-ples? do you also want to be

28 Then they reviled him, andsaid, Thou art his disciple; but weare Moses’ disciples.29 We know that God spakeunto Moses: as for this fellow, weknow not from whence he is.30 The man answered and saidunto them, RWhy herein is a mar-vellous thing, that ye know notfrom whence he is, and yet hehath opened mine eyes. 3:1031 Now we know that God hear-eth not sinners: but if any man bea worshipper of God, and doethhis will, him he heareth.32 Since the world began was itnot heard that any man openedthe eyes of one that was bornblind.33 RIf this man were not of God,he could do nothing. v. 16; 3:234 They answered and said untohim, RThou wast altogether bornin sins, and dost thou teach us?And they cast him out. v. 2; Ps 51:535 Jesus heard that they hadcast him out; and when he had

1574JOHN 9:36R found him, he said unto him,Dost thou Rbelieve on Rthe Son ofGod? 5:14 z 1:7; 16:31 z 10:3636 He answered and said, Whois he, Lord, that I might believeon him?37 And Jesus said unto him,Thou hast both seen him, and R itis he that talketh with thee. 4:2638 And he said, Lord, I believe.And he Rworshipped him. Ma 8:239 And Jesus said, R For judg-ment I am come into this world,that they which see not might see;and that they which see might bemade blind. [3:17; 5:22, 27; 12:47]40 And some of the Phariseeswhich were with him heard thesewords, Rand said unto him, Arewe blind also? [Ro 2:19]41 Jesus said unto them, RIf yewere blind, ye should have no sin:but now ye say, We see; thereforeyour sin remaineth. 15:22, 24

10Verily, verily, I say unto you,He that entereth not by the

door into the sheepfold, butclimbeth up some other way, thesame is a thief and a robber.2 But he that entereth in by thedoor is the shepherd of the sheep.3 To him the porter openeth;and the sheep hear his voice: and

9:38 Lord, I believe. Note the progression throughout this chapter of the healed man’sunderstanding of the person of Christ. First, he called Jesus ‘‘a man’’ (v. 11); then, ‘‘aprophet’’ (v. 17); and finally, he realized that Jesus is the Son of God (vv. 35–38).10:1 sheepfold. A sheepfold was a walled enclosure or high fence made with stakesand having one door or gate; often the enclosure was a cave. some other way. ThePharisees had secured their power by illegitimate means. 10:3 the porter. The porterwas the undershepherd. calleth his own sheep by name. The naming of sheep wasan ancient practice (Ps 147:4; Is 40:26). 10:7 I am the door. In verses 1–5, Jesus isthe shepherd; here, He is the door. Some shepherds lay down across the entry of thesheepfold at night to sleep. Wild beasts would be discouraged from entering, and sheepwould not exit. Thus, the shepherd was also the door. 10:10 might have it moreabundantly. The thieves take life; the shepherd gives it. Abundant life includes salvation,nourishment, healing (v. 9), and much more. Life here refers to eternal life, God’s life. Itspeaks not only of endlessness, but of quality of life. With Christ, life on earth can reachmuch higher quality, and then in heaven it will be complete and perfect. 10:11 TheMinistry of Jesus—Jesus’ most important teachings are: the kingdom of God (Ma 5–7;24–25); His divine authority over men (Ma 7:28–29; Mk 2:10); His own role as Godand Messiah demonstrated by miracles and signs; the significance of His death andresurrection (Ma 16:21; Lk 24:26); the relationship which His disciples and subsequentbelievers are to share with Him (Jo 13–16); and the urgency of His commission to

he calleth his own sheep by Rname,and leadeth them out. 20:164 And when he putteth forthhis own sheep, he goeth beforethem, and the sheep follow him:for they know his voice.5 And a Rstranger will they notfollow, but will flee from him: forthey know not the voice ofstrangers. [2 Co 11:13–15]6 This T parable spake Jesusunto them: but they understoodnot what things they were whichhe spake unto them. illustration

7 Then said Jesus unto themagain, Verily, verily, I say untoyou, I am the door of the sheep.8 All that ever came before meare thieves and robbers: but thesheep did not hear them.9 RI am the door: by me if anyman enter in, he shall be saved,and shall go in and out, and findpasture. [14:6; Ep 2:18]

10 The thief cometh not, butfor to steal, and to kill, and

to destroy: I am come that theymight have life, and that theymight have it more abundantly.11 RI am the good shepherd: thegood shepherd giveth his life forthe sheep. Is 40:11; Eze 34:23

10:10–11

1575 JOHN 10:26

12 But he that is an hireling,and not the shepherd, whoseown the sheep are not, seeth thewolf coming, and leaveth thesheep, and fleeth: and the wolfcatcheth them, and scattereth thesheep.13 The hireling fleeth, becausehe is an hireling, and careth notfor the sheep.14 I am the good shepherd, andRknow my sheep, and Ram knownof mine. 2 Ti 2:19 z 2 Ti 1:1215 As the Father knoweth me,even so know I the Father: and Ilay down my life for the sheep.16 And other sheep I have,which are not of this fold: themalso I must bring, and they shallhear my voice; and there shall beone Tfold, and one shepherd. flock

17 Therefore doth my FatherR love me, because I lay down mylife, that I might take it again. 5:2018 No man taketh it from me,but I lay it down of myself. I Rhavepower to lay it down, and I havepower to take it again. RThis com-

believers to make disciples (Ma 28:19–20). The most significant events of His earthlylife, His death, and resurrection, are central to the entire Christian faith (1 Co 15:14). Thedeath of Christ was a humiliating physical death (Jo 19:18,33) that constituted a spiritualseparation from God (Ma 27:46). Within this moment there occurred the inexplicablemystery of the Father punishing the Son for the sins of the world (1 Pe 3:18; 2 Co 5:21).The greatest crime of human history was in the plan of God (Ac 2:23) and became thebasis of salvation for sinners (Is 53:5). The resurrection of Christ demonstrated that Hisdeath, by which believing sinners are justified, was valid (1 Co 15:12–20). The historicalevidence for the resurrection is plentiful: the many separate accounts of post-resurrectionappearances, the empty tomb, and the transformed disciples. It is the power of theresurrection that empowers Christians today to live the Christian life (Ep 1:19–20; Ph3:10). 10:16 other sheep I have. These were not Jews in heathen lands, but Gentiles.The Jewish people had asked if Jesus would go and teach the Gentiles (7:35). Jesus nowdeclared that He had sheep among the despised heathen. one fold. This anticipates thesalvation of the Gentiles and the formation of the church, in which converted Jews andGentiles would form one spiritual body (Ga 3:28; Ep 2:16). 10:19–21 many of themsaid . . . Others said. After Jesus’ analogy of the good shepherd, the editorial commentby John is fitting. In the analogy, Jesus was the good shepherd whose sheep hear Hisvoice, implying that there are sheep who do not hear His voice. John’s commentindicates that some believe and others do not. This is the same division that occurredin 9:16. 10:22 the feast of the dedication. This festival was celebrated for eight days.In 167 B.C. Antiochus Epiphanes desecrated the temple in Jerusalem, as prophesied inDaniel 11:31. The Maccabeans restored and purified the temple. In commemoration ofthe restoration, the Feast of Dedication was instituted. Today it is also known as the Feastof Lights or Hanukkah.

mandment have I received of myFather. [2:19; 5:26] z [6:38; 14:31; 17:4]19 RThere was a division there-fore again among the Jews forthese sayings. 7:43; 9:1620 And many of them said, RHehath a Tdevil, and is Tmad; whyhear ye him? 7:20 z demon z insane

21 Others said, These are notthe words of him that hath a devil.RCan a devil Ropen the eyes of theblind? [Ex 4:11] z 9:6, 7, 32, 3322 And it was at Jerusalem thefeast of the dedication, and it waswinter.23 And Jesus walked in the tem-ple R in Solomon’s porch. Ac 3:1124 Then came the Jews roundabout him, and said unto him,How long dost thou Tmake us todoubt? If thou be the Christ, tellus plainly. keep us in suspense

25 Jesus answered them, I toldyou, and ye believed not: theworks that I do in my Father’sname, they bear witness of me.26 But Rye believe not, becauseye are not of my sheep, as I saidunto you. [8:47]

1576JOHN 10:27

27 RMy sheep hear my voice,and I know them, and they fol-

low me: vv. 4, 1428 And I give unto them eternallife; and they shall never perish,neither shall any man Tpluckthem out of my hand. snatch

29 My Father, Rwhich gave them

me, is greater than all; and noman is able to pluck them out ofmy Father’s hand. [17:2, 6, 12, 24]30 I and my Father are one.31 Then Rthe Jews took up stonesagain to stone him. 8:5932 Jesus answered them, Manygood works have I shewed youfrom my Father; for which ofthose works do ye stone me?33 The Jews answered him, say-ing, For a good work we stonethee not; but for Rblasphemy; andbecause that thou, being a man,Rmakest thyself God. 5:18 z Ma 9:334 Jesus answered them, RIs itnot written in your law, I said, Yeare gods? Ps 82:635 If he called them gods, untowhom the word of God came, andthe scripture cannot be broken;36 Say ye of him, Rwhom the Fa-ther hath sanctified, and R sentinto the world, Thou blasphemest;Rbecause I said, I am Rthe Son ofGod? 6:27 z 3:17 z 5:17, 18 z Lk 1:3537 RIf I do not the works of myFather, believe me not. v. 25; 15:2438 But if I do, though ye believenot me, Rbelieve the works: that ye

10:27–29 hear . . . follow. The following of the sheep is a metaphor for faith. Othermetaphors for faith in this Gospel include drinking water (4:14), eating bread (6:50–51),eating flesh, and drinking blood (6:54). 10:30 I and my Father are one. The Jewishopponents understood that Jesus was claiming to be God (vv. 31,33). 10:34 Ye aregods. In the Old Testament, judges were called gods. They exercised godlike judicialsovereignty. Psalm 82:6, the verse quoted here, refers to judges who violate the law.Jesus’ argument was that, if the divine name had been applied by God to mere men,there could be neither blasphemy nor folly in its application to the incarnate Son of GodHimself. 11:1 Bethany. This was a small village on the southeast slope of the Mountof Olives. It was located about two miles from Jerusalem. 11:4 not unto death. Thisphrase means not having death as its final result. 11:6–8 he abode two days. God’spurpose was to glorify His Son (v. 4) and to cause the disciples to grow (v. 15). HadJesus immediately rushed to Lazarus’ bedside and healed him, Lazarus would not havedied and Jesus would not have been able to manifest His glory by raising Lazarus.

may know, and believe, that theFather is in me, and I in him. 5:3639 RTherefore they sought againto take him: but he escaped outof their hand, 7:30, 4440 And went away again beyondJordan into the place R whereJohn at first baptized; and therehe Tabode. 1:28 z stayed

41 And many resorted unto him,and said, John did no Tmiracle:but all things that John spake ofthis man were true. sign

42 And many believed on himthere.

11Now a certain man wassick, named Laz′-a-rus,

of Beth′-a-ny, the town of RMaryand her sister Martha. Lk 10:38, 392 (R It was that Mary whichanointed the Lord with T oint-ment, and wiped his feet with herhair, whose brother Laz′-a-ruswas sick.) Ma 26:7 z fragrant oil

3 Therefore his sisters sentunto him, saying, Lord, behold,he whom thou lovest is sick.4 When Jesus heard that, hesaid, This sickness is not untodeath, but for the glory of God,that the Son of God might be glo-rified thereby.5 Now Jesus loved Martha, andher sister, and Laz′-a-rus.6 When he had heard thereforethat he was sick, Rhe Tabode twodays still in the same place wherehe was. 10:40 z stayed

10:27–30 11:1–24

1577 JOHN 11:32

7 Then after that saith he to hisdisciples, Let us go into Ju-dae′-aagain.8 His disciples say unto him,TMaster, the Jews of late soughtto Rstone thee; and goest thouthither again? Rabbi z 8:59; 10:319 Jesus answered, Are therenot twelve hours in the day? RIfany man walk in the day, he stum-bleth not, because he seeth theR light of this world. 9:4; 12:35 z Is 9:210 But R if a man walk in thenight, he stumbleth, because thereis no light in him. 12:3511 These things said he: and af-ter that he saith unto them, Ourfriend Laz′-a-rus Rsleepeth; but Igo, that I may awake him out ofsleep. Ma 9:24; Ac 7:6012 Then said his disciples, Lord,if he sleep, he shall do well.13 Howbeit Jesus spake of hisdeath: but they thought that hehad spoken of taking of rest insleep.14 Then said Jesus unto themplainly, Laz′-a-rus is dead.15 And I am glad for your sakesthat I was not there, to the intentye may believe; nevertheless letus go unto him.16 Then said RThomas, which iscalled Did′-y-mus, unto his fel-lowdisciples, Let us also go, thatwe may die with him. Ma 10:317 Then when Jesus came, hefound that he had lain in theTgrave four days already. tomb

18 Now Beth′-a-ny was T nighunto Jerusalem, about fifteen fur-longs off: near

19 And many of the Jews cameto Martha and Mary, to comfortthem concerning their brother.20 Then Martha, as soon as sheheard that Jesus was coming,went and met him: but Mary satstill in the house.

11:16 Let us also go, that we may die with him. While the Lord saw their developmentin faith, Thomas saw their deaths. Yet, in his loyalty, he followed anyway.

21 Then said Martha unto Jesus,Lord, if thou hadst been here, mybrother had not died.22 But I know, that even now,Rwhatsoever thou wilt ask of God,God will give it thee. [v. 41; 9:31]23 Jesus saith unto her, Thybrother shall rise again.24 Martha saith unto him, Iknow that he shall rise again inthe resurrection at the last day.

25 Jesus said unto her, I amR the resurrection, and the

life: he that believeth in me,though he were dead, yet shall helive: 6:39, 4026 And whosoever liveth andbelieveth in me shall never die.Believest thou this?

27 She saith unto him, Yea,Lord: RI believe that thou art

the Christ, the Son of God, whichshould come into the world. 4:4228 And when she had so said,she went her way, and calledMary her sister secretly, saying,The TMaster is come, and callethfor thee. Teacher

29 As soon as she heard that,

she arose quickly, and came untohim.30 Now Jesus was not yet comeinto the town, but was in thatplace where Martha met him.31 RThe Jews then which werewith her in the house, and com-forted her, when they saw Mary,that she rose up Thastily and wentout, followed her, saying, Shegoeth unto the grave to weepthere. vv. 19, 33 z quickly

32 Then when Mary was comewhere Jesus was, and saw him,she Rfell down at his feet, sayingunto him, R Lord, if thou hadstbeen here, my brother had notdied. Mk 5:22; 7:25; Re 1:17 z v. 21

11:25–26 11:27–46

1578JOHN 11:33

33 When Jesus therefore sawher weeping, and the Jews alsoweeping which came with her, hegroaned in the spirit, and wastroubled,34 And said, Where have ye laidhim? They said unto him, Lord,come and see.35 RJesus wept. Lk 19:4136 Then said the Jews, Beholdhow he loved him!37 And some of them said,Could not this man, R whichopened the eyes of the blind, havecaused that even this man shouldnot have died? 9:6, 738 Jesus therefore again groan-ing in himself cometh to theTgrave. It was a cave, and a Rstonelay upon it. tomb z Ma 27:60, 6639 Jesus said, Take ye away thestone. Martha, the sister of himthat was dead, saith unto him,Lord, by this time he stinketh: forhe hath been dead four days.40 Jesus saith unto her, Said Inot unto thee, that, if thou would-est believe, thou shouldest Rseethe glory of God? [vv. 4, 23]41 Then they took away thestone from the place where thedead was laid. And Jesus lifted uphis eyes, and said, Father, I thankthee that thou hast heard me.42 And I knew that thou hearestme always: but Rbecause of thepeople which stand by I said it,

that they may believe that thouhast sent me. 12:30; 17:2143 And when he thus had spo-

11:33 troubled. This word means to be stirred up, disturbed. Jesus was moved bythe mourning of Mary and indignant at the hypocritical lamentations of His enemies.11:37 Could not this man. Some people misinterpreted Jesus’ tears as powerlessness.They complained that He had healed others, but now was impotent. 11:43 Lazarus.Augustine once said that, if Jesus had not designated Lazarus by name, all the graveswould have been emptied at His command (5:28). Raising Lazarus from the dead is theseventh sign of Jesus’ messiahship, the greatest miracle of all, giving life back to thedead. 11:49–52 it is expedient. In the opinion of Caiaphas, Jesus should die ratherthan plunge the nation into destruction. John adds that by virtue of his office Caiaphaspronounced a message of God unconsciously. Caiaphas was a prophet in spite ofhimself. John also saw in Caiaphas’ words a prophecy that Jesus should die not onlyfor Israel but for the Gentiles as well.

ken, he cried with a loud voice,Laz′-a-rus, come forth.44 And he that was dead cameforth, bound hand and foot withRgraveclothes: and Rhis face wasbound about with a napkin. Jesussaith unto them, Loose him, andlet him go. 19:40 z 20:745 Then many of the Jews whichcame to Mary, Rand had seen thethings which Jesus did, believedon him. 2:23; 10:42; 12:11, 1846 But some of them went theirways to the Pharisees, and toldthem what things Jesus had done.47 R Then gathered the chiefpriests and the Pharisees a coun-cil, and said, What do we? for thisman doeth many miracles. Ps 2:248 If we let him thus alone, allmen will believe on him: and theRomans shall come and takeaway both our place and nation.49 And one of them, named RCa′-ia-phas, being the high priest thatsame year, said unto them, Yeknow nothing at all, Ma 26:350 RNor consider that it is expe-dient for us, that one man shoulddie for the people, and that thewhole nation perish not. 18:1451 And this spake he not of him-self: but being high priest thatyear, he prophesied that Jesusshould die for that nation;52 And not for that nation only,but that also he should gather to-gether in one the children of Godthat were scattered abroad.

1579 JOHN 12:12

53 Then from that day forth theyTtook counsel together for to Rputhim to death. plotted to put z Ma 26:454 Jesus R therefore walked nomore openly among the Jews; butwent thence unto a country nearto the wilderness, into a citycalled E′-phra-im, and there con-tinued with his disciples. 4:1, 3; 7:155 RAnd the Jews’ passover wasnigh at hand: and many went outof the country up to Jerusalembefore the passover, to Rpurifythemselves. 2:13; 5:1; 6:4 z Nu 9:10, 1356 RThen sought they for Jesus,and spake among themselves, asthey stood in the temple, Whatthink ye, that he will not cometo the feast? 7:1157 Now both the chief priestsand the Pharisees had given acommandment, that, if any manknew where he were, he shouldTshew it, that they might RtakeT

him. report z Ma 26:14–16 z seize

12Then Jesus six days beforethe passover came to Beth′-

a-ny, R where Laz′-a-rus waswhich had been dead, whom heraised from the dead. 11:1, 432 RThere they made him a sup-per; and Martha served: but Laz′-a-rus was one of them that sat atthe table with him. Ma 26:63 Then took Mary a pound ofointment of spikenard, very

11:53 they took counsel together for to put him to death. Humanly speaking, theresurrection of Lazarus was a major factor that led to the plot by the Jewish religiousleaders to kill Christ. At this point the council decided informally, if not formally, to putJesus to death. It is ironic that these men believed they could put to death permanentlyOne who could raise the dead. 12:1 six days before the passover. If the crucifixiontook place on a Friday, this dinner occurred during the evening of the previous Saturday.Verse 12 seems to support this conclusion because the Jerusalem entry took place onSunday. 12:3 ointment . . . very costly. Judas Iscariot said that this perfume cost300 denarii (pence, v. 5). One denarius was a laborer’s wage for one day. Thus, theperfume cost approximately a year’s wages. anointed the feet. Mary also anointedJesus’ head. The custom of that time was to anoint the heads of guests. AnointingJesus’ head was an act of honor; anointing His feet was a display of devotion. 12:10–11 the chief priests consulted . . . put Lazarus also to death. The chief priests weremostly Sadducees. They had an additional reason to kill Lazarus. He was a livingrefutation of their doctrine that there was no resurrection (11:57; Ac 23:8). Yet this wasnot a meeting of the Jewish council, nor was it a formal sentence of death. The ultimatemotivation for wanting to kill Lazarus was that, because of him, many were believing inJesus.

costly, and anointed the feet ofJesus, and wiped his feet with herhair: and the house was filledwith the odour of the ointment.4 Then saith one of his disci-ples, Judas Is-car′-i-ot, Simon’sson, which should betray him,5 Why was not this Tointmentsold for three hundred pence, andgiven to the poor? fragrant oil

6 This he said, not that he caredfor the poor; but because he was athief, and Rhad the bag, and barewhat was put therein. 13:297 Then said Jesus, Let heralone: Tagainst the day of myburying hath she kept this. for

8 For Rthe poor always ye havewith you; but me ye have not al-ways. De 15:11; Ma 26:119 Much people of the Jewstherefore knew that he was there:and they came not for Jesus’ sakeonly, but that they might see Laz′-a-rus also, Rwhom he had raisedfrom the dead. 11:43, 4410 R But the chief priests con-sulted that they might put Laz′-a-rus also to death; Lk 16:3111 R Because that by reason ofhim many of the Jews went away,and believed on Jesus. v. 18; 11:4512 ROn the next day much peo-ple that were come to the feast,when they heard that Jesus wascoming to Jerusalem, Ma 21:4–9

1580JOHN 12:13

13 Took branches of palm trees,and went forth to meet him, andcried, Hosanna: R Blessed is theKing of Israel that cometh in thename of the Lord. Ps 118:25, 2614 R And Jesus, when he hadfound a young Tass, sat thereon;as it is written, Ma 21:7 z donkey

15 RFear not, daughter of Si′-on:behold, thy King cometh, sittingon an ass’s colt. Is 40:9; Ze 9:916 These things R understoodnot his disciples at the first: Rbutwhen Jesus was glorified, Rthenremembered they that thesethings were written of him, andthat they had done these thingsunto him. Lk 18:34 z v. 23; 7:39 z [14:26]17 The people therefore thatwas with him when he calledLaz′-a-rus out of his grave, andraised him from the dead, bareTrecord. witness

18 R For this cause the peoplealso met him, for that they heardthat he had done this miracle. v. 1119 The Pharisees therefore saidamong themselves, RPerceive yehow ye prevail nothing? behold,the world is gone after him. 11:4720 And there R were certainGreeks among them that came upto worship at the feast: Ac 17:421 The same came therefore toPhilip, which was of Beth-sa′-i-daof Galilee, and desired him, say-ing, Sir, we would see Jesus.22 Philip cometh and telleth An-drew: and again Andrew andPhilip tell Jesus.23 And Jesus answered them,

12:13–15 the King of Israel. Until this point, Jesus had discouraged expressions ofsupport from the people (6:15; 7:1–8). Here, He allowed public enthusiasm. He enteredJerusalem on the back of a young donkey. This act fulfilled prophecy (Ze 9:9) and assuch was a symbolic proclamation that Jesus is the Messiah. 12:20 to worship atthe feast. This verse indicates that these Greeks were Jewish proselytes. By recordingthis incident, perhaps John was hinting that the salvation rejected by many of the Jewswas already passing to the Gentiles. 12:24 Except a corn . . . die. When a seed dies,it produces fruit. Life comes by death. This principle is not only true in nature, but it isalso true spiritually. Jesus was speaking first and foremost of Himself. He is the grain ofwheat. His death would produce much fruit and would result in many living for God.12:27 Now is my soul troubled. Jesus’ agony over His impending death was notconfined to Gethsemane, where He prayed for the cup to pass from Him (Ma 26:39).He felt the agony and expressed it almost a week before Gethsemane.

saying, RThe hour is come, thatthe Son of man should be glori-fied. 13:32; Ma 26:18, 45; Ac 3:1324 Verily, verily, I say unto you,RExcept a corn of wheat fall intothe ground and die, it abidethalone: but if it die, it bringethforth much fruit. 1 Co 15:36

25 R He that loveth his lifeshall lose it; and he that ha-

teth his life in this world shallkeep it unto life eternal. Ma 10:3926 If any man serve me, let himR follow me; and R where I am,there shall also my servant be: ifany man serve me, him will myFather honour. [Ma 16:24] z 14:3; 17:2427 Now is my soul troubled; andwhat shall I say? Father, save mefrom this hour: Rbut for this causecame I unto this hour. 18:3728 Father, glorify thy name.Then came there a voice fromheaven, saying, I have both glori-fied it, and will glorify it again.29 The people therefore, thatstood by, and heard it, said that itthundered: others said, An angelspake to him.30 Jesus answered and said,RThis voice came not because ofme, but for your sakes. 11:4231 Now is the judgment of thisworld: now shall Rthe prince ofthis world be cast out. Ma 12:2932 And I, R if I be lifted up fromthe earth, will draw Rall men untome. 3:14; 8:28 z [Ro 5:18; He 2:9]

12:25–26

1581 JOHN 13:1

33 RThis he said, signifying whatdeath he should die. 18:32; 21:1934 The people answered him,RWe have heard out of the lawthat Christ abideth for ever: andhow sayest thou, The Son of manmust be lifted up? who is this Sonof man? Ps 89:36, 37; Is 9:6, 7; Mi 4:735 Then Jesus said unto them,Yet a little while is the light withyou. R Walk while ye have thelight, lest darkness come uponyou: for Rhe that walketh in dark-ness knoweth not whither he go-eth. [Ga 6:10]; Ep 5:8 z [1 Jo 2:9–11]36 While ye have light, believein the light, that ye may be Rthechildren of light. These thingsspake Jesus, and departed, anddid hide himself from them. 8:1237 But though he had done somany Rmiracles before them, yetthey believed not on him: 11:4738 That the saying of E-sa′-iasthe prophet might be fulfilled,which he spake, RLord, who hathbelieved our report? and to whomhath the arm of the Lord been re-vealed? Is 53:1; Ro 10:1639 Therefore they could not be-lieve, because that E-sa′-ias saidagain,40 RHe hath blinded their eyes,and hardened their heart; thatthey should not see with their

eyes, nor understand with their

heart, and be converted, and Ishould heal them. Is 6:9, 1041 RThese things said E-sa′-ias,when he saw his glory, and spakeof him. Is 6:142 Nevertheless among the chiefrulers also many believed on him;

12:35–36 while ye have the light. Instead of answering the people’s questions (v. 34),Jesus gave them a warning. Jesus is the light. He wanted the people to believe andabide in Him (v. 46). 12:42–43 Nevertheless. This word marks a stark contrast be-tween these believers and the unbelief spoken of in verses 37–41. These men weregenuine believers. Their problem was that they feared the opinions of their fellow leaders.Such believers will be ashamed at Christ’s return (1 Jo 2:28). 12:47 I judge himnot. Christ will judge, but at His first coming He did not come to judge but to save(3:17). 13:1 unto the end. This phrase means either ‘‘to the last’’ or ‘‘utterly and

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but Rbecause of the Pharisees theydid not T confess him, lest theyshould be put out of the syna-gogue: 7:13; 9:22 z publicly acknowledge

43 For they loved the praise ofmen more than the praise of God.44 Jesus cried and said, He thatbelieveth on me, believeth not onme, but on him that sent me.45 And Rhe that seeth me seethhim that sent me. [14:9]46 RI am come a light into theworld, that whosoever believethon me should not abide in dark-ness. vv. 35, 36; 1:4, 5; 8:1247 And if any man hear mywords, and believe not, I judgehim not: for I came not to judgethe world, but to save the world.48 RHe that rejecteth me, and re-ceiveth not my words, hath onethat judgeth him: the word that Ihave spoken, the same shall judgehim in the last day. [Lk 10:16]

49 For RI have not spoken ofmyself; but the Father which

sent me, he gave me a command-ment, Rwhat I should say, andwhat I should speak. 8:38 z De 18:1850 And I know that his com-mandment is life everlasting:whatsoever I speak therefore,even as the Father said unto me,so I Rspeak. 5:19; 8:28

13Now R before the feast ofthe passover, when Jesus

knew that R his hour was comethat he should depart out of thisworld unto the Father, havingloved his own which were in theworld, he R loved them unto theend. Ma 26:2 z 12:23; 17:1 z 15:9

12:49–50

1582JOHN 13:2

2 And supper being ended, Rthedevil having T now put into theheart of Judas Is-car′-i-ot, Simon’sson, to betray him; Lk 22:3 z already

3 Jesus knowing Rthat the Fa-ther had given all things into hishands, and that he was come fromGod, and went to God; [5:20–23; 17:2]4 He riseth from supper, andlaid aside his garments; and tooka towel, and girded himself.5 After that he poureth waterinto a bason, and began to washthe disciples’ feet, and to wipethem with the towel wherewithhe was girded.6 Then cometh he to Simon Pe-ter: and Peter saith unto him,Lord, dost thou wash my feet?7 Jesus answered and said untohim, What I do thou Rknowest notnow; but thou shalt know here-after. 12:16; 16:128 Peter saith unto him, Thoushalt never wash my feet. Jesusanswered him, If I wash thee not,thou hast no part with me.9 Simon Peter saith unto him,Lord, not my feet only, but alsomy hands and my head.10 Jesus saith to him, He that iswashed needeth not save to washhis feet, but is clean every whit:and Rye are clean, but not all. [15:3]11 For R he knew who T shouldbetray him; therefore said he, Yeare not all clean. 6:64; 18:4 z would

12 So after he had washed theirfeet, and had taken his garments,and was set down again, he saidunto them, Know ye what I havedone to you?

completely.’’ What follows in verses 1–11 demonstrates Jesus’ complete love. Jesusloved His disciples, even though He knew that one would betray Him, another woulddeny Him, and all would desert Him for a time. 13:8 no part with me. The washingwas a symbol of spiritual cleansing (vv. 10–11). If Peter did not participate in the cleans-ing, he would not enjoy fellowship with Christ (1 Jo 1:9). 13:13 Master and Lord.These were the ordinary titles of respect given to a rabbi. 13:18 hath lifted up hisheel. Jesus quoted Psalm 41:9 to explain the action of Judas. Lifting up one’s heel wasa gesture of insult or a preparation to kick. The blow had not yet been given. This wasthe attitude of Judas at that moment. He was eating with the disciples, but he was readyto strike. 13:23 leaning on Jesus’ bosom. At this time people did not generally sit ata table to eat. They reclined on the left side of a low platform, resting on the left elbow

13 Ye call me Master andLord: and ye say well; for so

I am.14 RIf I then, your Lord and Mas-ter, have washed your feet; Ryealso ought to wash one another’sfeet. Lk 22:27 z [Ga 6:1, 2]15 For RI have given you an ex-ample, that ye should do as I havedone to you. Ma 11:29; Ph 2:516 Verily, verily, I say unto you,RThe servant is not greater thanhis lord; neither he that is sentgreater than he that sent him. 15:2017 If ye know these things,happy are ye if ye do them.18 I speak not of you all: I knowwhom I have chosen: but that theR scripture may be fulfilled, Hethat eateth bread with me hathlifted up his heel against me. 15:2519 Now I tell you before it come,that, when it is come to pass, yemay believe that I am he.20 RVerily, verily, I say unto you,He that receiveth whomsoever Isend receiveth me; and he that re-ceiveth me receiveth him thatsent me. Lk 9:48; 10:16; Ga 4:1421 RWhen Jesus had thus said,R he was troubled in spirit, andtestified, and said, Verily, verily, Isay unto you, that one of you shallbetray me. Lk 22:21 z 12:2722 Then the disciples lookedone on another, Tdoubting ofwhom he spake. perplexed about

23 Now there was Tleaning onJesus’ bosom one of his disciples,whom Jesus loved. reclining at

13:13–17

1583 JOHN 13:38

24 Simon Peter therefore beck-oned to him, that he should askwho it should be of whom hespake.25 He then T lying on Jesus’breast saith unto him, Lord, whois it? leaning back

26 Jesus answered, He it is, towhom I shall give a sop, when Ihave dipped it. And when he haddipped the sop, he gave it to Ju-das Is-car′-i-ot, the son of Si-mon.27 RAnd after the sop Satan en-tered into him. Then said Jesusunto him, That thou doest, doquickly. Lk 22:328 Now no man at the tableknew for what Tintent he spakethis unto him. reason

29 For some of them thought,because RJudas had the Tbag, thatJesus had said unto him, Buythose things that we have needof Tagainst the feast; or, that heshould give something to thepoor. 12:6 z money box z for

30 He then having received theTsop went immediately out: andit was night. piece of bread

31 Therefore, when he was goneout, Jesus said, RNow is the Son

and eating with the right hand, their feet extended outward. Reclining in such a way, aman’s head was near the chest of the person on his left. whom Jesus loved. Thedisciple is never named in Scripture, but the tradition of the early church designates himas John, the author of this Gospel. 13:33 Little children is an expression of tenderaffection used nowhere else in the Gospels. John did not forget the expression; he usedit repeatedly in 1 John. 13:34 love one another. One of the dominant themes in theapostle John’s writings is love. God loves the whole world (3:16). Jesus repeatedlydemonstrates His compassion for people in general and His love for His disciples inparticular (10:11; 11:3; 13:1; 15:9). First John 4 points to God as the source of love. In13:34–35 and 15:12–13, Christ points to love as the primary characteristic of believers’relationships with each other. Christ set the ultimate example which we are to emulateby being willing to die for those He loved. The Christian’s love for other Christians isprimary evidence of true discipleship. If we are really disciples of Christ, we will love ourbrothers and sisters in Him. 13:35 By this. Unbelievers recognize Jesus’ disciplesnot by their doctrinal distinctives, nor by dramatic miracles, nor even by their love for thelost. They recognize His disciples by their deeds of love for one another. 13:36 Lord,whither goest thou? This question Jesus had already addressed twice before, indicat-ing that Peter completely missed the point of what Jesus said in verses 34 and 35.13:37 I will lay down my life for thy sake. Peter was ready to die for Jesus. Unfortu-nately, he was not ready, at this point, to live for Him. Later Peter would die for Christ(21:18–19). Church tradition states that Peter was crucified upside down, at his request,for he felt himself unworthy to be crucified like his Lord.

of man glorified, and RGod is glo-rified in him. 12:23; Ac 3:13 z [1 Pe 4:11]32 If God be glorified in him,God shall also glorify him in him-self, and Rshall Tstraightway glo-rify him. 12:23 z immediately

33 Little children, yet a R littlewhile I am with you. Ye shall seekme: Rand as I said unto the Jews,Whither I go, ye cannot come; sonow I say to you. 14:19 z [7:34; 8:21]

34 A new commandment Igive unto you, That ye love

one another; as I have loved you,that ye also love one another.35 RBy this shall all men knowthat ye are my disciples, if yehave love one to another. 1 Jo 2:536 Simon Peter said unto him,Lord, whither goest thou? Jesusanswered him, Whither I go, thoucanst not follow me now; but thoushalt follow me afterwards.37 Peter said unto him, Lord,why cannot I follow thee now?I will R lay down my life for thysake. Mk 14:29–31; Lk 22:33, 3438 Jesus answered him, Wiltthou lay down thy life for mysake? Verily, verily, I say unto

13:34–35

1584JOHN 14:1

thee, The cock shall not crow, tillthou hast denied me thrice.

14Let Rnot your heart betroubled: ye believe in

God, believe also in me. [v. 27; 16:22]2 In my Father’s house aremany Tmansions: if it were not so,I would have told you. I go to pre-pare a place for you. Lit. dwellings

3 And if I go and prepare aplace for you, I will come again,and receive you unto myself; thatwhere I am, there ye may be also.4 And whither I go ye know,and the way ye know.5 R Thomas saith unto him,Lord, we know not whither thougoest; and how can we know theway? 11:16; 20:24–29; 21:2; Ma 10:3

6 Jesus saith unto him, Iam the way, the truth, and the

life: Rno man cometh unto the Fa-ther, Rbut by me. 1 Ti 2:5 z [10:7–9]7 R If ye had known me, yeshould have known my Fatheralso: and from henceforth ye knowhim, and have seen him. 8:198 Philip saith unto him, Lord,shew us the Father, and it Tsuffi-ceth us. will satisfy

9 Jesus saith unto him, Have Ibeen so long time with you, andyet hast thou not known me,Philip? he that hath seen me hathseen the Father; and how sayestthou then, Shew us the Father?10 Believest thou not that I amin the Father, and the Father in

14:3 I will come again, and receive you. Peter may have failed Jesus (13:38), butChrist will not fail to return for Peter and for everyone else who has believed in Him (1 Th4:16–17). 14:6 the way, the truth, and the life. Through His death and resurrection,Jesus is the way to the Father. He is also the truth and the life. As truth, He is therevelation of God. As life, He is the source of our very beings. 14:12 greater works.Jesus had accomplished the greatest works possible, including raising the dead. Howcould He say that believers would do greater works? The answer is seen in the extentof what the apostles did. Jesus’ work on earth was confined to Palestine; the apostleswould preach everywhere and see the conversion of thousands. Peter’s message atPentecost brought more followers to Jesus that did Jesus’ entire earthly ministry. Thedisciples were able to do this work because Christ would go to the Father and send theHoly Spirit to empower them. 14:17 the Spirit of truth. This is another name forthe Holy Spirit because He is truth and guides us into all truth (1 Co 2:13; 2 Pe 1:21).14:18 comfortless. He would not abandon them. He would come to them. There arethree suggested interpretations as to when that statement would be fulfilled: (1) after the

me? the words that I speak untoyou I speak not of Tmyself: butthe Father that dwelleth in me, hedoeth the works. my own authority11 Believe me that I am in theFather, and the Father in me: Rorelse believe me for the veryworks’ sake. 5:36; 10:38

12 RVerily, verily, I say untoyou, He that believeth on me,

the works that I do shall he doalso; and greater works thanthese shall he do; because I gounto my Father. Ma 21:21; Mk 16:1713 R And whatsoever ye shallask in my name, that will I do,that the Father may be Rglorifiedin the Son. [Jam 1:5–7; 1 Jo 3:22] z 13:3114 If ye shall ask any thing inmy name, I will do it.

15 RIf ye love me, keep mycommandments. 1 Jo 5:3

16 And I will pray the Father, andRhe shall give you another Com-forter, that he may abide with youfor ever; [15:26; 20:22]; Ac 2:4, 3317 Even R the Spirit of truth;whom the world cannot receive,because it seeth him not, neitherknoweth him: but ye know him;for he dwelleth with you, andshall be in you. [16:13; 1 Jo 4:6; 5:7]18 I will not leave you Tcomfort-less: I will come to you. orphans

14:1–4 14:6 14:12–1414:15–18

1585 JOHN 15:4

19 Yet a little while, and theworld seeth me no more; but

Rye see me: Rbecause I live, yeshall live also. 16:16, 22 z [Ro 5:10]20 At that day ye shall knowthat RI am in my Father, and ye inme, and I in you. v. 11; 10:3821 He that hath my command-ments, and keepeth them, he it isthat loveth me: and he that lovethme shall be loved of my Father,and I will love him, and will Tman-ifest myself to him. reveal

22 RJudas saith unto him, not Is-car′-i-ot, Lord, how is it that thouwilt manifest thyself unto us, andnot unto the world? Lk 6:16

23 Jesus answered and saidunto him, If a man love me,

he will keep my words: and myFather will love him, Rand we willcome unto him, and make ourabode with him. 2 Co 6:16; Ep 3:1724 He that loveth me not keep-eth not my sayings: and Rthe wordwhich ye hear is not mine, but theFather’s which sent me. 5:1925 These things have I spokenunto you, being yet present withyou.

26 But the Comforter, whichis the Holy Ghost, whom the

Father will send in my name, heshall teach you all things, andbring all things to your remem-brance, whatsoever I have saidunto you.27 RPeace I leave with you, my

resurrection, (2) at Pentecost, in the person of the Holy Spirit, and (3) at the secondcoming. 14:23 If a man love me, he will keep my words. In response to Judas’question (v. 22), Jesus explained that His manifestation to the disciples would be inresponse to their love and obedience. make our abode with him. If a believer lovesand obeys the Lord, he or she will experience fellowship with God. 14:24 He thatloveth me not keepeth not my sayings. If a person does not love Jesus, he or she willnot obey Him. Disobedience is a serious matter, for Jesus’ words are the words of God.14:30 hath nothing in me. These words indicate Jesus’ sinlessness. Jesus’ yielding towhat was about to happen did not mean that Satan had any power over Him. Jesuswould soon voluntarily yield to the death of the cross, in loving obedience to the Father(v. 31). 15:2 Every branch in me. The emphasis of in me in this passage is on deep,abiding fellowship. Jesus’ purpose was to move His disciples from servants to friends(vv. 13–15). This would involve a process of discipline in regard to His commandments.purgeth. This word means ‘‘cleanses.’’ Once the fruit is on the vine, the vinedressercleanses the fruit of bugs and diseases. The spiritual counterpart is cleansing which isdone through the Word (v. 3).

peace I give unto you: not as theworld giveth, give I unto you. Letnot your heart be troubled, nei-ther let it be afraid. Col 3:1528 Ye have heard how I said untoyou, I go away, and come againunto you. If ye loved me, ye wouldrejoice, because I said, RI go untothe Father: for Rmy Father isgreater than I. 16:16 z [5:18; Ph 2:6]29 And R now I have told youbefore it come to pass, that, whenit is come to pass, ye might be-lieve. 13:1930 Hereafter I will not talk muchwith you: Rfor the prince of thisworld cometh, and hath Rnothingin me. [12:31] z [2 Co 5:21; He 4:15]

31 But that the world mayknow that I love the Father;

and Ras the Father gave me com-mandment, even so I do. Arise,let us go hence. 10:18; Is 50:5; Ph 2:8

15 I am the true vine, andmy Father is the hus-

bandman.2 R Every branch in me thatbeareth not fruit he taketh away:and every branch that bearethfruit, he purgeth it, that it maybring forth more fruit. Ma 15:133 RNow ye are clean throughthe word which I have spokenunto you. [13:10; 17:17]; Ep 5:264 RAbide in me, and I in you.

14:19–21 14:23 14:26–2714:31 15:1–7

1586JOHN 15:5

As the branch cannot bear fruitof itself, except it abide in thevine; no more can ye, except yeabide in me. 17:23; Ep 3:17; [Col 1:23]5 I am the vine, ye are thebranches: He that abideth in me,and I in him, the same bringethforth much fruit: for without meye can do Rnothing. 2 Co 3:56 If a man abide not in me, Rheis cast forth as a branch, and iswithered; and men gather them,and cast them into the fire, andthey are burned. Ma 3:107 If ye abide in me, and mywords Rabide in you, Rye shall askwhat ye will, and it shall be doneTunto you. 1 Jo 2:14 z 14:13; 16:23 z for

8 R Herein is my Father glori-fied, that ye bear much fruit; soshall ye be my disciples. [Ph 1:11]

9 As the Father hath R lovedme, so have I loved you: con-

tinue ye in my love. 5:20; 17:2610 R If ye keep my command-ments, ye shall abide in my love;even as I have kept my Father’scommandments, and abide in hislove. 14:1511 These things have I spokenunto you, that my joy might re-main in you, and Rthat your joymight be full. [16:24]; 1 Jo 1:412 RThis is my Rcommandment,That ye love one another, as Ihave loved you. 13:34 z Ro 12:913 R Greater love hath no man

15:6 If a man abide not. Not abiding in Christ has serious consequences: (1) theperson is cast forth as a branch, indicating the loss of fellowship; (2) the person iswithered, indicating a loss of vitality; (3) the person is burned, indicating a loss of reward.15:8 Herein. Notice the striking parallel between this verse and 13:35. fruit. The loveof 13:35 is pictured here. The text has come full circle in showing how strategic it is fordisciples to love each other, as Christ’s method of evangelizing the lost. Where there isgood fruit, there are also seeds for propagation. 15:11 that your joy might be full.This phrase is an expression peculiar to John (3:29; 16:24; 17:13; 1 Jo 1:4; 2 Jo 12). Itdescribes a believer’s experience of Christ’s love: complete joy. 15:14 if ye do. Jesusis our model for love (v. 13). Intimacy with Him is the motive for loving as He loves. Ifbelievers obey His command to love, they enjoy the intimacy of His friendship. Not thatfriendship, unlike sonship, is a once-for-all gift, but develops as the result of obeyingJesus’ command to love. 15:15 I call you not servants. Until this point, Jesus hadcalled His disciples servants (12:26; 13:13–16). A servant does what he is told and seeswhat his master does, but does not necessarily know the meaning or purpose of it.friends. A friend knows what is happening because friends develop deep fellowshipby communicating with one another.

than this, that a man lay down hislife for his friends. 1 Jo 3:1614 RYe are my friends, if ye dowhatsoever I command you. 14:1515 Henceforth I call you not ser-vants; for the servant knowethnot what his lord doeth: but I havecalled you friends; for all thingsthat I have heard of my Father Ihave made known unto you.16 RYe have not chosen me, butI have chosen you, and ordainedyou, that ye should go and bringforth fruit, and that your fruitshould remain: that whatsoeverye shall ask of the Father in myname, he may give it you. 6:7017 These things I command you,that ye love one another.18 R If the world hate you, yeknow that it hated me before ithated you. 7:7; 1 Jo 3:1319 RIf ye were of the world, theworld would love his own: butRbecause ye are not of the world,but I have chosen you out of theworld, therefore the world hatethyou. 1 Jo 4:5 z 17:1420 Remember the word that Isaid unto you, The servant is notgreater than his lord. If they havepersecuted me, they will also per-secute you; if they have kept mysaying, they will keep yours also.21 But Rall these things will they

15:9–17

1587 JOHN 16:11

do unto you for my name’s sake,because they know not him thatsent me. Ma 10:22; 24:9; [1 Pe 4:14]22 If I had not come and spokenunto them, they had not had sin:Rbut now they have no Tcloke fortheir sin. [Ro 1:20; Jam 4:17] z excuse

23 RHe that hateth me hateth myFather also. 1 Jo 2:2324 If I had not done among themRthe works which none other mandid, they had not had sin: but nowhave they both Rseen and hatedboth me and my Father. 3:2 z 14:925 But this cometh to pass, thatthe word might be fulfilled that iswritten in their law, RThey hatedme without a cause. Ps 35:19; 69:426 But when the Comforter iscome, whom I will send unto youfrom the Father, even the Spirit oftruth, which proceedeth from theFather, he shall testify of me:27 And Rye also shall bear wit-ness, because ye have been withme from the beginning. Lk 24:48

16These things have I spokenunto you, that ye should not

be Toffended. made to stumble

2 They shall put you out of thesynagogues: yea, the time com-eth, that whosoever killeth youwill think that he doeth God ser-vice.

15:22–23 not had sin . . . no cloke for their sin. The world’s hatred of Jesus was asin against God, for He revealed the Father Himself to them. 15:26–27 he shalltestify. As the disciples spoke, the Holy Spirit would bring inner conviction to unbelieversconcerning Christ. This in turn would make the disciples witnesses for Jesus.16:2 They shall put you out of the synagogues. The persecution that the discipleswould face included excommunication and even execution. Excommunication had eco-nomic as well as religious implications because much of the life of an ancient Jewrevolved around the synagogue. 16:7 It is expedient for you. The disciples musthave thought, ‘‘How can it be expedient for us to be alone? The Romans hate usbecause they see us as disturbers of the peace. The Jewish leaders hate us becausethey see us as blasphemers.’’ Jesus explained the benefits of His departure. WhenJesus left, the believers would have (1) the provision of the Holy Spirit (vv. 7–15); (2) thepotential of full joy (vv. 16–24); (3) the possibility of fuller knowledge (vv. 25–28); (4) theprivilege of peace (vv. 29–33). 16:8 reprove. This means ‘‘convince’’ or ‘‘convict.’’The Holy Spirit would demonstrate the truth of Christ beyond the fear of contradiction.The Holy Spirit convicts unbelievers through believers who witness about Christ (15:26–27). Believers are the mouthpiece for God’s voice. 16:11 Of judgment. Satan, theruler of the world, rules in the hearts of unregenerate people and blinds their minds

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3 And Rthese things will they dounto you, because they have notknown the Father, nor me. 8:194 But these things have I toldyou, that when the time shallcome, ye may remember that Itold you of them. And thesethings I said not unto you at thebeginning, because I was withyou.5 But now I go my way to himthat sent me; and none of youasketh me, Whither goest thou?6 But because I have said thesethings unto you, Rsorrow hathfilled your heart. Ma 17:23

7 Nevertheless I tell you thetruth; It is Texpedient for you

that I go away: for if I go not away,the Comforter will not come untoyou; but if I depart, I will send himunto you. advantageous

8 And when he is R come, hewill T reprove the world of sin,and of righteousness, and of judg-ment: Ac 1:8; 2:1–4, 37 z convict

9 ROf sin, because they believenot on me; Ac 2:2210 ROf righteousness, RbecauseI go to my Father, and ye see meno more; Ac 2:32 z 5:3211 Of judgment, because theprince of this world is judged.

16:7–15

1588JOHN 16:12

12 I have yet many things to sayunto you, Rbut ye cannot bearthem now. Mk 4:3313 Howbeit when he, Rthe Spiritof truth, is come, Rhe will guideyou into all truth: for he shall notspeak of himself; but whatsoeverhe shall hear, that shall he speak:and he will shew you things tocome. [14:17] z 14:26; Ac 11:28; Re 1:1914 RHe shall glorify me: for heshall receive Tof mine, and shallshew it unto you. 15:26 z what is mine

15 R All things that the Fatherhath are mine: therefore said I,that he shall take of mine, andshall shew it unto you. Ma 11:2716 A R little while, and ye shallnot see me: and again, a littlewhile, and ye shall see me, be-cause I go to the Father. 7:33; 12:3517 Then said some of his disci-ples among themselves, What isthis that he saith unto us, A littlewhile, and ye shall not see me:and again, a little while, and yeshall see me: and, Because I go tothe Father?18 They said therefore, What isthis that he saith, A little while?we cannot tell what he saith.19 Now Jesus knew that theywere desirous to ask him, andsaid unto them, Do ye enquireamong yourselves of that I said,

(1 Co 2:6–8). Satan was judged at the cross, and the Holy Spirit would convince peopleof the judgment to come. Satan has been judged, so all who side with him will be judgedwith him. 16:12 you. Here, this refers to the apostles. Technically, what the Lord saysabout the ministry of the Holy Spirit in verses 12–15 applies primarily to the apostles.That ministry was threefold: (1) He would guide them into all truth (v. 13); (2) He wouldtell them of the future (v. 13); (3) He would help them glorify Christ (vv. 14–15). Jesus’words were fulfilled in the apostles’ preaching and writings. 16:13 Spirit of truth. Thephrase means that the Holy Spirit is the source of truth (14:17; 15:26). guide. The HolySpirit would not compel or carry the disciples into truth. He would lead; their job was tofollow. 16:14 glorify me. The Holy Spirit glorifies Christ by declaring Him or makingHim known. It is the work of the Holy Spirit to throw light on Jesus Christ, who is theimage of the invisible God. Christ is to be on center stage; that is the desire of both theFather and the Spirit. The apostles received truth from the Holy Spirit, truth about thingsto come, and truth about Christ. Then, under the guidance of the Holy Spirit, they wrotethose truths in documents known today as the New Testament. 16:18 A little while.The biggest question weighing on the disciples’ minds was the time factor. They simplydid not understand the strange intervals marked by their separation from Jesus.16:21 A woman when she is in travail. Jesus used the example of a pregnant womanwhose sorrow is transformed into joy in the birth of a child.

A little while, and ye shall not seeme: and again, a little while, andye shall see me?20 Verily, verily, I say unto you,That ye shall weep and lament,but the world shall rejoice: andye shall be sorrowful, but yoursorrow shall be turned into joy.21 RA woman when she is in tra-vail hath sorrow, because herhour is come: but as soon as sheis delivered of the child, she re-membereth no more the anguish,for joy that a man is born into theworld. Ge 3:16; Is 42:14; 1 Th 5:3

22 And ye now thereforehave sorrow: but I will see

you again, and your heart shallrejoice, and your joy no man tak-eth from you.23 And in that day ye shall askme nothing. RVerily, verily, I sayunto you, Whatsoever ye shallask the Father in my name, hewill give it you. [14:13; 15:16]; Ma 7:724 Hitherto have ye asked noth-ing in my name: ask, and ye shallreceive, Rthat your joy may beRfull. 17:13 z 15:1125 These things have I spokenunto you in T proverbs: but thetime cometh, when I shall nomore speak unto you in T prov-

16:22–24

1589 JOHN 17:9

erbs, but I shall shew you plainlyof the Father. figurative language

26 At that day ye shall ask in myname: and I say not unto you, thatI will pray the Father for you:

27 R For the Father himselfloveth you, because ye have

loved me, and Rhave believed thatI came out from God. [14:21, 23] z 3:1328 RI came forth from the Father,and am come into the world:again, I leave the world, and goto the Father. vv. 5, 10, 17; 13:1, 329 His disciples said unto him,Lo, now speakest thou plainly,and speakest no proverb.30 Now are we sure that Rthouknowest all things, and needestnot that any man should ask thee:by this Rwe believe that thoucamest forth from God. 21:17 z 17:831 Jesus answered them, Do yenow believe?32 R Behold, the hour cometh,yea, is now come, that ye shall bescattered, Revery man to his own,and shall leave me alone: andRyet I am not alone, because theFather is with me. Ac 8:1 z 20:10 z 8:29

33 These things I have spo-ken unto you, that in me ye

might have peace. RIn the worldye shall have tribulation: but beof good cheer; RI have overcomethe world. 2 Ti 3:12 z Ro 8:37; [1 Jo 4:4]

16:26 I will pray the Father for you. Because Jesus provides forgiveness of sinsthrough His death and now intercedes for all believers at the right hand of the Father(He 7:25), we have direct access to the Father. We do not need the intercession of apriest, because Jesus acts as our High Priest before God. 16:31 Do ye now believe?We continue in the Christian life the same way we begin, by believing in Jesus. Themore we learn of Christ, the more we have to believe. The more we place our trust inJesus, the more we receive. The more we receive, the more we can accomplish for Hisglory. 16:33 tribulation. This is literally ‘‘pressure’’ and figuratively means ‘‘affliction’’or ‘‘distress.’’ 17:1–2 the hour is come. Throughout the Gospel of John, Jesus re-ferred to the cross as His ‘‘hour’’ (2:4; 7:30; 8:20; 12:23; 13:1). The time for Him to diehad arrived. glorify thy son. Jesus was asking that His mission to the world would bemade known through the cross. The reasons for this request are twofold: (1) that thySon also may glorify thee. In the cross, Jesus reveals the Father to the world, that is, Hislove and justice, and (2) that, through Jesus’ death on the cross, God would provideforgiveness of sins and give eternal life to all those who believe in His Son. 17:3 thatthey might know thee. Eternal life consists of a growing knowledge of the only trueGod as opposed to false gods.

17These words spake Jesus,and lifted up his eyes to

heaven, and said, Father, the houris come; glorify thy Son, that thySon also may glorify thee:2 As thou hast given him powerover all flesh, that he should giveeternal life to as many Ras thouhast given him. 6:37, 393 And this is life eternal, thatthey might know thee Rthe onlytrue God, and Jesus Christ, whomthou hast sent. 1 Co 8:4; 1 Th 1:94 RI have glorified thee on theearth: I have finished the workwhich thou gavest me to do. 13:315 And now, O Father, glorifythou me with thine own self withthe glory Rwhich I had with theebefore the world was. 1:1, 2; Ph 2:66 I have manifested thy nameunto the men Rwhich thou gavestme out of the world: thine theywere, and thou gavest them me;and they have kept thy word. 6:377 Now they have known thatall things whatsoever thou hastgiven me are of thee.8 For I have given unto themthe words which thou gavest me;and they have received them, andhave known surely that I cameout from thee, and they have be-lieved that thou didst send me.9 I pray for them: RI pray not

16:27 16:33

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for the world, but for them whichthou hast given me; for they arethine. [1 Jo 5:19]10 And all mine are thine, andRthine are mine; and I am glori-fied in them. 16:15

11 RAnd now I am no morein the world, but these are in

the world, and I come to thee. HolyFather, keep through thine ownname those whom thou hast givenme, that they may be one, as weare. [Ac 1:9; He 4:14; 9:24; 1 Pe 3:22]12 While I was with them in theworld, I kept them in thy name:those that thou gavest me I havekept, and none of them is lost,but the son of perdition; that thescripture might be fulfilled.13 And now come I to thee; andthese things I speak in the world,that they might have my joy ful-filled in themselves.14 I have given them thy word;and the world hath hated them,because they are not of the world,even as I am not of the world.15 I pray not that thou shouldesttake them out of the world, butRthat thou shouldest keep themfrom the evil. Ga 1:4; 2 Th 3:316 They are not of the world,even as I am not of the world.

17:11 keep through thine own name. This verse reveals Jesus’ sensitivity to the plightof His disciples brought on by His departure. He was going to the Father, but they wouldbe left behind. Jesus asked the Father to keep them true to the revelation of God thatJesus had given to them while He was with them. The disciples would have a new unionwith the Father and Son through the future indwelling of the Holy Spirit. 17:14–16 ofthe world. This verse has profound implications for discipleship. Our desire should notbe to isolate ourselves from the world, but to use Christ’s Word and the Holy Spirit’spower to serve Him while our life lasts. Yet, at the same time, we should not become likethe world, succumbing to the evil influences of the world. 17:17 Sanctify them. Thismeans ‘‘to set apart.’’ There are two ways to understand this statement: (1) as separatefor holiness, or (2) as set apart for service. According to the first view, Jesus was prayingnot only that the disciples should be kept from evil, but that they should advance inholiness. 17:21 That they all may be one. The present tense of the verb ‘‘to be’’indicates that Jesus was praying for the unity that takes place through the sanctificationof believers. This is what Jesus was commanding in 13:34–35. 17:22 the glory. Thisis the revelation of Jesus Christ through His disciples and is the means to unity. Suchunity begins with belief and correct thinking about Jesus and God the Father, that is,with doctrine. But correct belief must bear fruit—a life that demonstrates God’s love andproduces unity between all believers. 17:23 I in them, and thou in me. The mutualindwelling of the Father in the Son and the Son in the church is also the means to unity,the ultimate expression of God’s love (13:35; Ro 8:17).

17 RSanctify them through thytruth: thy word is truth. [Ep 5:26]18 RAs thou hast sent me intothe world, even so have I also sentthem into the world. 4:38; 20:2119 And for their sakes I sanctifymyself, that they also might besanctified through the truth.20 Neither pray I for thesealone, but for them also whichshall believe on me through theirword;

21 That they all may be one;as thou, Father, art in me, and

I in thee, that they also may beone in us: that the world may be-lieve that thou hast sent me.22 And the R glory which thougavest me I have given them;Rthat they may be one, even aswe are one: 14:20; 1 Jo 1:3 z [2 Co 3:18]23 I in them, and thou in me,that they may be made perfect inone; and that the world mayknow that thou hast sent me, andhast loved them, as thou hastloved me.24 RFather, I will that they also,whom thou hast given me, bewith me where I am; that theymay behold my glory, which thou

17:11 17:21–23

1591 JOHN 18:18

hast given me: for thou lovedstme before the foundation of theworld. [12:26; 14:3; 1 Th 4:17]25 O righteous Father, the worldhath not known thee: but I haveknown thee, and these haveknown that thou hast sent me.26 R And I have declared untothem thy name, and will declareit: that the love Rwherewith thouhast loved me may be in them,and I in them. Ex 34:5–7 z 15:9

18When Jesus had spokenthese words, Rhe went forth

with his disciples over the brookCe′-dron, where was a garden,into the which he entered, and hisdisciples. Ma 26:30, 36; Mk 14:26, 322 And Judas also, which be-trayed him, knew the place: RforJesus ofttimes resorted thitherwith his disciples. Lk 21:37; 22:393 RJudas then, having receiveda band of men and officers fromthe chief priests and Pharisees,cometh thither with lanterns andtorches and weapons. Ac 1:164 Jesus therefore, Rknowing allthings that should come uponhim, went forth, and said untothem, Whom seek ye? 13:1, 3; 19:285 They answered him, Jesusof Nazareth. Jesus saith untothem, I am he. And Judas also,which Rbetrayed him, stood withthem. 13:216 As soon then as he had saidunto them, I am he, they wentbackward, and fell to the ground.7 Then asked he them again,Whom seek ye? And they said,Jesus of Nazareth.8 Jesus answered, I have told

18:1 brook Cedron. A brook was located in a ravine that was between Jerusalem andthe Mount of Olives. 18:3 officers. These were members of the temple police underthe command of the Jewish council, the Sanhedrin. 18:13 Annas. Annas was highpriest from A.D. 7 to 14. He was deposed by the Romans. Then Caiaphas, Annas’son-in-law, was appointed to the position and served from A.D. 18 to 37. However,according to Jewish law the high priest was a lifetime position, so the Jews still consid-ered Annas to be high priest. Therefore, they took Jesus to Annas first. 18:15 anotherdisciple. Although this other disciple is never identified, the consensus is that he wasJohn, the author of this Gospel.

you that I am he: if therefore yeseek me, let these go their way:9 That the saying might be ful-filled, which he spake, ROf themwhich thou gavest me have I lostnone. [6:39; 17:12]10 RThen Simon Peter having asword drew it, and smote the highpriest’s servant, and cut off hisright ear. The servant’s name wasMal′-chus. Ma 26:51; Mk 14:4711 Then said Jesus unto Peter,Put up thy sword into the sheath:the cup which my Father hathgiven me, shall I not drink it?12 Then the Tband and the cap-tain and officers of the Jews tookJesus, and bound him, cohort

13 And led him away to An′-nasfirst; for he was father in law toRCa′-ia-phas, which was the highpriest that same year. 11:49, 5114 Now Ca′-ia-phas was he,which gave counsel to the Jews,that it was expedient that oneman should die for the people.15 R And Simon Peter followedJesus, and so did Ranother disci-ple: that disciple was known untothe high priest, and went in withJesus into the palace of the highpriest. Mk 14:54; Lk 22:54 z 20:2–516 RBut Peter stood at the doorwithout. Then went out that otherdisciple, which was known untothe high priest, and spake untoher that kept the door, andbrought in Peter. Ma 26:6917 Then saith the damsel thatkept the door unto Peter, Art notthou also one of this man’s disci-ples? He saith, I am Rnot. Ma 26:3418 And the servants and officersstood there, who had made a fire

1592JOHN 18:19

of coals; for it was cold: and theywarmed themselves: and Peterstood with them, and warmedhimself.19 The high priest then askedJesus of his disciples, and of hisdoctrine.20 Jesus answered him, RI spakeopenly to the world; I ever taughtR in the synagogue, and R in thetemple, whither the Jews alwaysresort; and in secret have I saidnothing. 8:26 z 6:59 z 7:14, 2821 Why askest thou me? askR them which heard me, what Ihave said unto them: behold, theyknow what I said. Mk 12:3722 And when he had thus spo-ken, one of the officers whichstood by struck Jesus with thepalm of his hand, saying, An-swerest thou the high priest so?23 Jesus answered him, If I havespoken evil, bear witness of theevil: but if well, why smitest thoume?24 RNow An′-nas had sent himbound unto RCa′-ia-phas the highpriest. Lk 3:2; Ac 4:6 z 11:4925 And Simon Peter stood andwarmed himself. They said there-fore unto him, Art not thou alsoone of his disciples? He denied it,and said, I am not.26 One of the servants of thehigh priest, being his kinsman

18:21 ask them which heard. According to the law, the witnesses for the defense hadto be called first. Jesus should not have been questioned until witnesses had testified.18:27 Peter then denied again. For the third time, Peter denied the Lord, as Jesushad said he would (13:38). In the upper room, Peter had boasted that he would remaintrue to the Lord to the end (13:37; Ma 26:33,35). In the garden he surrendered to thedesires of his body by sleeping three times when the Lord had commanded the disciplesto stay up in prayer (Mk 14:34–42). Now he submitted to the pressure of the world anddenied the Lord three times. 18:28 the hall of judgment. This was probably theRoman governor’s official residence, probably the Fortress Antonia near the temple.18:29–30 What accusation. Pilate was not ignorant of the accusation. He was merelyrequesting that it be formally stated. 18:31 It is not lawful for us to put any man todeath. The Romans did not allow the Jews to impose capital punishment. These Jewishleaders had no interest in a just trial; they simply wanted permission from Rome to haveJesus executed. 18:34 Sayest thou this thing of thyself. In reply to Pilate, Jesusgave no violent protest of innocence, nor was He sullenly defiant. Jesus politely butdirectly asked whether Pilate was asking on his own initiative or whether the charge wassecondhand. If Pilate’s question originated with him, he was using king in the Romansense of political ruler. If not, then king was being used in the Jewish sense of the

whose ear Peter cut off, saith, Didnot I see thee in the garden withhim?27 Peter then denied again: andimmediately the cock crew.28 R Then led they Jesus fromCa′-ia-phas unto the hall of judg-ment: and it was early; Rand theythemselves went not into thejudgment hall, lest they should bedefiled; but that they might eatthe passover. Ac 3:13 z 11:55; Ac 11:329 Pilate then went out untothem, and said, What accusationbring ye against this man?30 They answered and said untohim, If he were not a Tmalefactor,we would not have delivered himup unto thee. evildoer

31 Then said Pilate unto them,Take ye him, and judge him ac-cording to your law. The Jewstherefore said unto him, It is notlawful for us to put any man todeath:32 That the saying of Jesusmight be fulfilled, which hespake, Rsignifying what death heshould die. 3:14; 8:28; 12:32, 3333 RThen Pilate entered into thejudgment hall again, and calledJesus, and said unto him, Art thouthe King of the Jews? Ma 27:1134 Jesus answered him, Sayestthou this thing of thyself, or didothers tell it thee of me?

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35 Pilate answered, Am I a Jew?Thine own nation and the chiefpriests have delivered thee untome: what hast thou done?36 RJesus answered, RMy king-dom is not of this world: if mykingdom were of this world, thenwould my servants fight, that Ishould not be delivered to theJews: but now is my kingdom notfrom hence. 1 Ti 6:13 z 6:15; 8:1537 Pilate therefore said untohim, Art thou a king then? Jesusanswered, Thou sayest that I ama king. To this end was I born,and for this cause came I into theworld, that I should bear witnessunto the truth. Every one that is ofthe truth Rheareth my voice. 8:4738 Pilate saith unto him, What istruth? And when he had said this,he went out again unto the Jews,and saith unto them, RI find in himno fault at all. 19:4, 6; 1 Pe 2:22–2439 RBut ye have a custom, that Ishould release unto you one atthe passover: will ye thereforethat I release unto you the Kingof the Jews? Ma 27:15–26; Lk 23:17–2540 R Then cried they all again,saying, Not this man, but Bar-ab′-bas. RNow Bar-ab′-bas was a rob-ber. Is 53:3; Ac 3:14 z Lk 23:19

19Then R Pilate thereforetook Jesus, and scourged

him. Ma 20:19; 27:26; Mk 15:152 And the soldiers T platted acrown of thorns, and put it on his

messianic king. 18:38 What is truth? This question has been interpreted as (1) acynical denial of the possibility of knowing truth; (2) a contemptuous jest at anything soimpractical as abstract truth; and (3) a desire to know what no one had been able to tellhim. no fault. This is a legal term meaning that there were no grounds for a criminalcharge. 18:39 ye have a custom. It appears that some in the crowd suggested thata prisoner should be released in honor of the Passover (Mk 15:8,11). Pilate jumped atthe possible compromise. By promising to release Jesus on account of the customrather than by proclaiming Him innocent, Pilate would avoid insulting the Jewish leaders,who had already pronounced Him guilty. 19:4 I bring him forth to you. PerhapsPilate was appealing to the people’s compassion so that he could release Jesus.19:7 We have a law. The Jewish leaders were telling Pilate, ‘‘If you are appealing to us,we say that, according to our law, He must die.’’ As governor, Pilate was bound byRoman custom to respect Jewish law. he made himself the Son of God. The Jewishleaders were accusing Jesus of violating the laws against blasphemy (Le 24:16).19:9 Jesus gave him no answer. Three times Pilate had publicly pronounced Jesusinnocent (18:38; 19:4,6).

head, and they put on him a pur-ple robe, twisted

3 And said, Hail, King of theJews! and they RsmoteT him withtheir hands. Is 50:6 z struck

4 Pilate therefore went forthagain, and saith unto them, Be-hold, I bring him forth to you,Rthat ye may know that I find nofault in him. Is 53:9; 1 Pe 2:22–245 Then came Jesus forth, wear-ing the crown of thorns, and thepurple robe. And Pilate saithunto them, Behold the man!6 When the chief priests there-fore and officers saw him, theycried out, saying, Crucify him,crucify him. Pilate saith untothem, Take ye him, and crucifyhim: for I find no fault in him.7 The Jews answered him, RWehave a law, and by our law heought to die, because he madehimself the Son of God. Le 24:168 When Pilate therefore heardthat saying, he was the moreafraid;9 And went again into the judg-ment hall, and saith unto Jesus,Whence art thou? RBut Jesusgave him no answer. Is 53:710 Then saith Pilate unto him,Speakest thou not unto me?knowest thou not that I haveTpower to crucify thee, and haveTpower to release thee? authority

11 Jesus answered, RThou could-est have no power at all against

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me, except it were given thee fromabove: therefore Rhe that deliveredme unto thee hath the greatersin. 7:30 z 3:27; Ro 13:112 And from thenceforth Pilatesought to release him: but theJews cried out, saying, If thou letthis man go, thou art not Caesar’sfriend: Rwhosoever maketh him-self a king speaketh against Cae-sar. 18:33; Lk 23:2; Ac 17:713 R When Pilate thereforeheard that saying, he broughtJesus forth, and sat down in thejudgment seat in a place that iscalled the Pavement, but in the He-brew, Gab′-ba-tha. Is 51:12; Ac 4:1914 And R it was the preparationof the passover, and about thesixth hour: and he saith unto theJews, Behold your King! Ma 27:6215 But they cried out, Away withhim, away with him, crucify him.Pilate saith unto them, Shall Icrucify your King? The chiefpriests answered, RWe have noking but Caesar. [Ge 49:10]16 R Then delivered he himtherefore unto them to be cruci-fied. And they took Jesus, and ledhim away. Mk 15:15; Lk 23:2417 And he bearing his crossR went forth into a place calledthe place of a skull, which iscalled in the Hebrew Gol′-go-tha: He 13:1218 Where they crucified him,and two other with him, on eitherside one, and Jesus in the midst.

19:12 thou art not Caesar’s friend. The Jews shifted their focus from the religiouscharge (v. 7) to the political charge (18:33), which they backed up with an appeal toCaesar’s own political interest. This new plea forced Pilate to choose between yieldingto an indefinite sense of right or escaping the danger of an accusation from Rome.19:19 wrote a title. It was a Roman custom to write the name of the condemned personand his crime on a plaque to be placed above his head at execution. 19:20 written inHebrew, and Greek, and Latin. Multilingual inscriptions were common. The title waswritten in the local, common, and official languages of the day. Everyone could read themessage in his or her own language. 19:23 the soldiers. According to Roman law,the garments of a condemned criminal belonged to the executioners. Jesus had twoitems of clothing. The cloak was a large, loose garment. The tunic was a close-fittinggarment that went from the neck to the knees. 19:24 cast lots. The outer garmentcould be conveniently divided, but the inner garment could not. Thus, the soldiersdivided the outer one and cast lots for the inner one. Unknowingly, the soldiers fulfilledDavid’s prophecy in Psalm 22:18.

19 And Pilate wrote a title, andput it on the cross. And the writ-ing was, JESUS OF NAZARETHTHE KING OF THE JEWS.20 This title then read many ofthe Jews: for the place whereJesus was crucified was Tnigh tothe city: and it was written in He-brew, and Greek, and Latin. near

21 Then said the chief priests ofthe Jews to Pilate, Write not, TheKing of the Jews; but that he said,I am King of the Jews.22 Pilate answered, What I havewritten I have written.23 R Then the soldiers, whenthey had crucified Jesus, took hisgarments, and made four parts,to every soldier a part; and alsohis Tcoat: now the Tcoat was with-out seam, woven from the topthroughout. Lk 23:34 z tunic

24 They said therefore amongthemselves, Let us not rend it, butcast lots for it, whose it shall be:that the scripture might be ful-filled, which saith, RThey partedmy T raiment among them, andfor my Tvesture they did cast lots.These things therefore the sol-diers did. Ps 22:18 z garments z clothing

25 RNow there stood by thecross of Jesus his mother, and

his mother’s sister, Mary the wifeof RCle′-o-phas, and Mary Mag-da-le′-ne. Lk 2:35; 23:49 z Lk 24:1826 When Jesus therefore saw

19:25–27

1595 JOHN 20:1

his mother, and R the disciplestanding by, whom he loved, hesaith unto his mother, Woman,behold thy son! 13:23; 20:2; 21:7, 20, 2427 Then saith he to the disciple,Behold thy mother! And from thathour that disciple took her Runtohis own home. 1:11; 16:32; Ac 21:628 After this, Jesus knowingthat all things were now accom-plished, Rthat the scripture mightbe fulfilled, saith, I thirst. Ps 22:1529 Now there was set a vesselfull of vinegar: and Rthey filled aspunge with vinegar, and put itupon hyssop, and put it to hismouth. Ps 69:21; Ma 27:48, 5030 When Jesus therefore had re-ceived the vinegar, he said, RIt isfinished: and he bowed his head,and gave up the ghost. 17:431 The Jews therefore, becauseit was the preparation, that thebodies should not remain uponthe cross on the sabbath day, (forthat sabbath day was an R highday,) besought Pilate that theirlegs might be broken, and thatthey might be taken away. Ex 12:1632 Then came the soldiers, andbrake the legs of the first, and ofthe other which was crucifiedwith him.33 But when they came to Jesus,and saw that he was dead al-ready, they brake not his legs:34 But one of the soldiers with aspear pierced his side, and Tforth-with Rcame there out blood andwater. immediately z [1 Jo 5:6, 8]

19:30 It is finished. Having fulfilled every command of the Father and every prophecyof Scripture, Jesus voluntarily died. This was not a cry of exhaustion, but of completion.Jesus had done what He had agreed to do. 19:31 the preparation. This day wasFriday, the day before the Sabbath Day. Bodies should not remain on the cross. It isironic that in the midst of a deliberate judicial murder the Jews were scrupulous aboutkeeping the ceremonial law. According to Jewish law (De 21:23), it was necessary toremove the bodies of executed criminals before sunset. To avoid breaking the law, theJews requested that the legs of the condemned be broken so that the men would diequickly and could be removed from their crosses. With his legs broken, a victim couldno longer lift his body in order to breathe and would soon suffocate. 19:34 one ofthe soldiers with a spear pierced his side. After the soldier did this, blood and watercame out, indicating that Jesus was already dead. Only blood would have flowed froma living body. 19:35 he that saw. John’s words can be trusted because he is givingan eyewitness account, so that his readers will believe that Jesus is the Savior.

35 And he that saw it bare rec-ord, and his record is Rtrue: and heknoweth that he saith true, that yemight Rbelieve. 21:24 z [20:31]36 For these things were done,Rthat the scripture should be ful-filled, A bone of him shall not bebroken. [Ex 12:46; Nu 9:12]; Ps 34:2037 And again another scripturesaith, RThey shall look on himwhom they pierced. Ze 12:10; 13:638 And after this Joseph ofAr-i-ma-thae′-a, being a discipleof Jesus, but secretly Rfor fear ofthe Jews, besought Pilate that hemight take away the body ofJesus: and Pilate gave him leave.He came therefore, and took thebody of Jesus. [7:13; 9:22; 12:42]39 And there came also RNic-o-de′-mus, which at the first cameto Jesus by night, and brought amixture of myrrh and aloes, aboutan hundred pound weight. 7:5040 Then took they the body ofJesus, and wound it in linenclothes with the spices, as themanner of the Jews is to bury.41 Now in the place where hewas crucified there was a garden;and in the garden a new T sep-ulchre, wherein was never manyet laid. tomb

42 RThere laid they Jesus there-fore because of the Jews’ prepa-ration day; for the sepulchre wasnigh at hand. Is 53:9; Ma 26:12

20The Rfirst day of the weekcometh Mary Mag-da-le′-

ne early, when it was yet dark,

1596JOHN 20:2

unto the sepulchre, and seeth theRstone taken away from the sep-ulchre. Ac 20:7; 1 Co 16:2 z 11:382 Then she runneth, and com-eth to Simon Peter, and to theRother disciple, whom Jesus loved,and saith unto them, They havetaken away the Lord out of the sep-ulchre, and we know not wherethey have laid him. 21:23, 243 RPeter therefore went forth,and that other disciple, and cameto the sepulchre. Lk 24:124 So they ran both together:and the other disciple did outrunPeter, and came first to the sepul-chre.5 And he stooping down, andlooking in, saw Rthe linen clotheslying; yet went he not in. 19:406 Then cometh Simon Peterfollowing him, and went into thesepulchre, and seeth the linenclothes lie,7 And R the napkin, that wasabout his head, not lying with thelinen clothes, but wrapped to-gether in a place by itself. 11:448 Then went in also that Rotherdisciple, which came first to theTsepulchre, and he saw, and be-lieved. 21:23, 24 z tomb

9 For as yet they knew not theRscripture, that he must rise againfrom the dead. Ps 16:10; Ac 2:25, 3110 Then the disciples went awayagain unto their own home.11 But Mary stood without atthe sepulchre weeping: and asshe wept, she stooped down, andlooked into the sepulchre,

20:2 They have taken away the Lord. Mary Magdalene jumped to the wrong conclu-sion. 20:5 the linen clothes lying. No one who came to steal the body would havetaken the time to unwrap it and leave the clothes behind. 20:6 seeth the linen. TheGreek term implies an intense stare, in contrast to the more casual look described inverse 5. Peter went into the tomb to get a good look. He carefully examined the placewhere Jesus’ body had been. 20:9 they knew not the scripture. The disciplesbelieved because of what they saw in the tomb (v. 8), not because of what they knewfrom Old Testament passages describing the Savior’s resurrection (Lk 24:25–27). Jesushad prophesied His death and resurrection in the disciples’ presence, but the discipleshad not understood what He was talking about. 20:17 Touch me not. This means‘‘to fasten oneself to’’ or ‘‘to hold.’’ Mary had grabbed Christ and was holding on toHim as if she would never turn Him loose. 20:19 came Jesus and stood in the midst.Christ’s appearance was miraculous because the doors were shut. Jesus, as God, could

12 And seeth two angels inwhite sitting, the one at the head,and the other at the feet, wherethe body of Jesus had lain.13 And they say unto her,Woman, why weepest thou? Shesaith unto them, Because theyhave taken away my Lord, and Iknow not where they have laidhim.14 R And when she had thussaid, she turned herself back, andsaw Jesus standing, and Rknewnot that it was Jesus. Ma 28:9 z 21:415 Jesus saith unto her, Woman,why weepest thou? whom seek-est thou? She, supposing him tobe the gardener, saith unto him,Sir, if thou have borne him hence,tell me where thou hast laid him,and I will take him away.16 Jesus saith unto her, RMary.She turned herself, and saithunto him, Rab-bo′-ni; which is tosay, TMaster. 10:3 z Teacher

17 Jesus saith unto her, Touchme not; for I am not yet ascendedto my Father: but go to my breth-ren, and say unto them, I ascendunto my Father, and your Father;and to my God, and your God.18 Mary Mag-da-le′-ne cameand told the disciples that shehad seen the Lord, and that hehad spoken these things unto her.19 Then the same day at eve-ning, being the first day of theweek, when the doors were shutwhere the disciples were assem-bled for Rfear of the Jews, cameJesus and stood in the midst, and

1597 JOHN 21:3

saith unto them, RPeace be untoyou. 9:22; 19:38 z 14:27; 16:16; Ep 2:1720 And when he had so said, heshewed unto them his hands andhis side. Then were the disciplesglad, when they saw the Lord.21 Then said Jesus to themagain, Peace be unto you: Ras myFather hath sent me, even so sendI you. 17:18, 19; [2 Ti 2:2]; He 3:122 And when he had said this,he breathed on them, and saithunto them, Receive ye the HolyGhost:23 RWhose soever sins ye Tremit,they are remitted unto them; andwhose soever sins ye retain, theyare retained. Ma 16:19; 18:18 z forgive

24 But Thomas, one of thetwelve, called Did′-y-mus, wasnot with them when Jesus came.25 The other disciples thereforesaid unto him, We have seen theLord. But he said unto them, Ex-cept I shall see in his hands theprint of the nails, and put my fin-ger into the print of the nails, andthrust my hand into his side, I willnot believe.26 And after eight days againhis disciples were within, andThomas with them: then cameJesus, the doors being shut, andstood in the midst, and said,Peace be unto you.

perform a variety of miracles without requiring a change in His humanity. Here Christ’sbody was a physical body, the same body in which He died and was buried. Thedifference is that His flesh had been changed to take on immortality and incorruptibility(1 Co 15:53). 20:25 Except I shall see in his hands the print of the nails. Thomasrepresents a lot of us. We are skeptical, suspicious, and pragmatic. We want to see it forourselves before we are willing to jump on the bandwagon. The majority opinion doesnot mean a lot to us. We need to see it for ourselves to believe it. God often works withpeople like us as He did with Thomas. He knows our propensities and accommodatesus at critical moments. Thomas needed to see the scars. Once he did, everything fellinto place, and he fully recognized the resurrected Lord. Tradition has it that Thomasfulfilled his apostolic role by taking the gospel to South Asia. While Christ accommodatedThomas, He also clearly pointed to the fact that empirical verification wouldn’t always,sometimes couldn’t, be part of the normal evidence available for convincing followersof what He has done (v. 29). We will always have some evidence, but perhaps neverenough for belief to be beyond doubt; faith is required. God wants us all to get to thepoint where we say with Thomas, ‘‘My Lord and my God.’’ 20:31 that ye mightbelieve. John states the purpose of his book, which was to convince his readers thatJesus is the Christ, the Messiah who fulfilled God’s promises to Israel. Jesus is the Sonof God, God in the flesh. By believing these things, a person obtains eternal life (1:12).

27 Then saith he to Thomas,Reach hither thy finger, and be-hold my hands; and Rreach hitherthy hand, and thrust it into myside: and be not faithless, but be-lieving. Ze 12:10; 13:6; 1 Jo 1:128 And Thomas answered andsaid unto him, My Lord and myGod.29 Jesus saith unto him, Thom-as, because thou hast seen me,thou hast believed: R blessed arethey that have not seen, and yethave believed. 2 Co 5:7; 1 Pe 1:830 And Rmany other signs trulydid Jesus in the presence of hisdisciples, which are not writtenin this book: 21:2531 RBut these are written, thatye might believe that Jesus is theChrist, the Son of God; and thatbelieving ye might have lifethrough his name. Lk 1:4

21After these things Jesusshewed himself again to the

disciples at the R sea of Ti-be′-ri-as; and on this wise shewed hehimself. Ma 26:32; Mk 14:282 There were together SimonPeter, and RThomas called Did′-y-mus, and RNa-than′-a-el of RCanain Galilee, and Rthe sons of Zeb′-e-dee, and two other of his disci-ples. 20:24 z 1:45–51 z 2:1 z Ma 4:213 Simon Peter saith unto them,

1598JOHN 21:4

I Tgo a fishing. They say unto him,We also go with thee. They wentforth, and entered into Ta ship im-mediately; and that night theycaught nothing. am going z Lit. the

4 But when the morning wasnow come, Jesus stood on theshore: but the disciples Rknewnot that it was Jesus. Lk 24:165 Then Jesus saith unto them,Children, have ye any Tmeat?They answered him, No. food

6 And he said unto them, RCastthe net on the right side of theship, and ye shall find. They casttherefore, and now they were notable to draw it for the multitudeof fishes. Lk 5:4, 6, 77 Therefore R that disciplewhom Jesus loved saith unto Pe-ter, It is the Lord. Now when Si-mon Peter heard that it was theLord, he girt his fisher’s coat untohim, (for he was naked,) and didcast himself into the sea. 13:23; 20:28 And the other disciples camein a little ship; (for they were notfar from land, but as it were twohundred cubits,) dragging the netwith fishes.9 As soon then as they werecome to land, they saw a fire ofcoals there, and fish laid thereon,and bread.10 Jesus saith unto them, BringTof the fish which ye have nowcaught. some of

11 Simon Peter went up, anddrew the net to land full of greatfishes, an hundred and fifty andthree: and for all there were somany, yet was not the net broken.12 Jesus saith unto them,RCome and Tdine. And none ofthe disciples Tdurst ask him, Who

21:4 the disciples knew not. Perhaps the apostles did not recognize Jesus becausethey were preoccupied with their work, as Mary Magdalene had been with her sorrow(20:14). In addition, there was not much light at this time of day. 21:7 Peter . . . casthimself into the sea. John was the first to recognize the Lord; Peter was the first to act.21:17 thou knowest that I love thee. Peter denied the Lord at least three times. Here,he affirmed his love for the third time. 21:20–21 the disciple whom Jesus loved. Thisis commonly considered to be John, the author of this Gospel.

art thou? knowing that it was theLord. Ac 10:41 z eat breakfast z dared

13 Jesus then cometh, and tak-eth bread, and giveth them, andfish likewise.14 This is now Rthe third timethat Jesus shewed himself to hisdisciples, after that he was risenfrom the dead. 20:19, 2615 So when they had dined,Jesus saith to Simon Peter, Si-mon, son of Jo′-nas, lovest thou memore than these? He saith untohim, Yea, Lord; thou knowest that Ilove thee. He saith unto him, RFeedmy lambs. Ac 20:28; 1 Pe 5:216 He saith to him again the sec-ond time, Simon, son of Jo′-nas,lovest thou me? He saith unto him,Yea, Lord; thou knowest that I lovethee. RHe saith unto him, Feed myRsheep. 1 Pe 2:25 z Ps 79:1317 He saith unto him the thirdtime, Simon, son of Jo′-nas, lov-est thou me? Peter was grievedbecause he said unto him thethird time, Lovest thou me? Andhe said unto him, Lord, R thouknowest all things; thou knowestthat I love thee. Jesus saith untohim, Feed my sheep. 2:24, 25; 16:3018 RVerily, verily, I say unto thee,When thou wast young, thougirdedst thyself, and walkedstwhither thou wouldest: but whenthou shalt be old, thou shalt stretchforth thy hands, and another shallgird thee, and carry thee whitherthou wouldest not. 13:36; Ac 12:3, 419 This spake he, signifying bywhat death he should glorifyGod. And when he had spokenthis, he saith unto him, RFollowme. v. 2220 Then Peter, turning about,seeth the disciple Rwhom Jesus

1599 TEACHINGS AND MIRACLES

loved following; R which alsoleaned on his breast at supper,and said, Lord, which is he thatbetrayeth thee? 13:23; 20:2 z 13:2521 Peter seeing him saith toJesus, Lord, and Twhat shall thisman do? what about this man

22 Jesus saith unto him, If I willthat he tarry till I come, what is

that to thee? follow thou me.23 Then went this saying abroadamong the brethren, that that dis-ciple should not die: yet Jesus

21:24 This is the disciple. This is basically John’s signature to his Gospel.21:25 there are also many other things which Jesus did. The Gospel of John istruthful (v. 24), but it is not exhaustive.

The Teachings and Miracles of Jesus ChristTeachings are noted with the letters A-T. Miracles are numbered 1-35.

Ma Mk Lk Jo

EARLY JUDEAN MINISTRYAt Cana

1. Water Made Wine 2:1-11In Jerusalem

A. 3:1-21To Nicodemus—The New BirthIn Samaria

B. To the Woman of Samaria—The Water of Life 4:4-26

THE GALILEAN MINISTRYFirst Period

2. Healing the Nobleman’s Son 4:46-543. The Draught of Fishes 5:1-11C. 5:17-47Christ and the Father4. The Man with an Unclean

Spirit 1:23-26 4:33-355. Healing Simon’s Mother-

in-law 8:14-15 1:30-31 4:38-396. Healing a Leper 8:2-4 1:40-45 5:12-147. Healing the Paralytic 9:2-8 2:1-12 5:17-268. The Impotent Man 5:1-169. The Withered Hand 12:9-14 3:1-6 6:6-11

Second PeriodD. 5-7 6:20-49Sermon on the Mount10. The Centurion’s Servant 8:5-13 7:1-1011. The Widow’s Son at Nain 7:11-1712. The Man Dumb and Blind 12:2213. Stilling the Storm 8:23-27 4:35-41 8:22-2514. The Gadarene Demoniac 8:28-34 5:1-20 8:26-3915. The Daughter of Jairus 9:18-26 5:21-43 8:40-56

said not unto him, He shall notdie; but, If I will that he Ttarry till Icome, what is that to thee? remain

24 This is the disciple whichR testifieth of these things, andwrote these things: and we knowthat his testimony is true. 19:3525 R And there are also manyother things which Jesus did, thewhich, if they should be writtenevery one, RI suppose that eventhe world itself could not containthe books that should be written.A-men′. 20:30 z Am 7:10

1600TEACHINGS AND MIRACLES

Ma Mk Lk Jo

THE GALILEAN MINISTRY—Cont’d

16. The Afflicted Woman 9:20-22 5:25-34 8:43-4817. Two Blind Men, Demoniac 9:27-34E. Coming to the Father Through

the Son 11:25-30F. 6:22-71Christ the Bread of Life18. Feeding the Five Thousand 14:13-23 6:30-46 9:10-17 6:1-1519. Jesus Walking on the Water 14:24-36 6:47-56 6:16-21G. Hypocrisy of Scribes and Phar-

isees 15:1-20 7:1-23Third Period

20. Syrophoenician Woman’sDaughter 15:21-28 7:24-30

21. Deaf and Dumb Man 15:29-31 7:31-3722. Feeding Four Thousand 15:32-38 8:1-923. The Blind Man near Bethsaida 8:22-2624. The Demoniac Boy 17:14-20 9:14-29 9:37-4325. The Temple-tax—Tribute Money 17:24-27 9:33H. 18 9:33-50 9:46-50Humility and ForgivenessI. 8:12-30Christ the Light of the WorldJ. 8:31-59Spiritual Freedom

THE PEREAN MINISTRY26. The Man Born Blind 9:1-41K. 10:1-21The Good ShepherdL. 11:1-13Discourse on Prayer27. The Dumb Demoniac 11:14M. Arraignment of Pharisees and

Lawyers 11:15-54N. Trusting in God. The Coming

Christ 12:1-5928. The Crippled Woman 13:10-2129. The Man Having Dropsy 14:1-630. The Raising of Lazarus 11:1-4631. The Ten Lepers 17:11-19O. 17:20-The Coming of the Kingdom32. The Blind Men near Jericho 20:29-34 10:46-52 18:35-43

THE PASSION WEEKTuesday

33. The Withered Fig Tree 21:20-22 11:20-25P. 23:1-39 12:38-40 20:45-47Arraignment of the PhariseesQ. Coming Events and the Com-

ing Christ 24–25 13 21:5-38Thursday

R. 14The Way, the Truth, the LifeS. 15The Vine and the BranchesT. 16The Departure and Returning

Friday34. Healing the ear of Malchus 26:50-51 14:47 22:49-51

AFTER THE RESURRECTION35. The Draught of Fishes 21:6-11