States of Matter

Kinetic Energy

All matter is made up of tiny particles, such as atoms, molecules, or ions.

The particles that make up all types of matter are in constant motion.

Particles in Motion

Kinetic energy - is the energy of motion.

Increased temperature means greater average kinetic energy, so most substances expand when heated.

Kinetic Energy

There are three familiar states of matter— solid, liquid, and gas.

A fourth state of matter known as plasma occurs at extremely high temperatures.

States of Matter

A solid is matter with a definite shape and definite volume.

Solids hold their own shape, have weight, & take up space.

Solid

Are packed tightly together and can only vibrate.

Has the LEAST amount of kinetic energy.

Particles in Solids

A liquid is matter that has a definite volume but no definite shape.

Liquids takes the shape of the container; however, the volume is the same.

Liquid

Are loosely packed and can slide past one another.

Has a MODERATE level of kinetic energy.

Particles in Liquids

Gas is matter that does not have a definite shape or volume.

The particles in gas are much farther apart than those in a liquid or solid.

Gas

Gas particles move freely in all directions, except during occasional collisions.

Have LOTS of kinetic energy.

Particles in Gases

Plasma – is a state of matter that starts out as a gas and becomes ionized.

Used in fluorescent light bulbs and Neon lights.

Plasma

Are electrically charged.

Plasma has the GREATEST amount of kinetic energy.

Lightning is a plasma.

Particles in Plasma

PHASE CHANGESDescription of Phase Change

Term for Phase Change

Heat Movement DuringPhase Change

Solid to liquid

MeltingHeat goes into the solid as it melts.

Liquid to solid

FreezingHeat leaves the liquid as it freezes.

PHASE CHANGESDescription of Phase Change

Term for Phase Change

Heat Movement During Phase Change

Liquid to gas

Vaporization, which includes boiling and evaporation

Heat goes into the liquid as it vaporizes.

Gas to liquid

CondensationHeat leaves the gas as it condenses.

Solid to gas SublimationHeat goes into the solid as it sublimates.

STATES OF MATTER

SOLID LIQUID GAS PLASMA

Tightly packed, in a regular pattern

Vibrate, but do not move from place

to place

Close together with no regular arrangement.Vibrate, move

about, and slide past each other

Well separated with no regular arrangement.

Vibrate and move freely at high

speeds

Has no definite volume or shape and is composed

of electrical charged particles