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Biodiversity

Important Concepts3.1 Variety of Living Things and Their

Classification Quick Refresh

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Organisms And Their ClassificationTopic 3 Biodiversity

Biodiversity• Wide variety of organisms on earth.

• All living things are known as organisms.• All living things are known as organisms.

• Around 10 to 100 million kinds of organisms on earth.• Around 10 to 100 million kinds of organisms on earth.

• Due to many different kinds of climate and habitat.• Due to many different kinds of climate and habitat.

Example

Habitat Biodiversity

Lakes / Ponds Fish, Amoeba, prawns

Soil Earthworms, ants, scorpians

Deserts Camels, cactus, lizards

Forest Tigers, monkey, Rafflesia

Important Concepts

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Biodiversity

made up of

Invertebrates

classified into

Non-floweringplants

Algae

Fungi

Moss

Fern

Floweringplants

Monocotyledon

Dicotyledon

classified into

Fish

Vertebrates

Amphibians

Reptiles

Birds

Mammals

classified into

Animals Plants

made up of

Earthworm

Squid

Octopus

Beetle

examples

Organisms And Their Classification

AnimalsAnimals

Organisms

PlantsPlants

VertebratesVertebrates InvertebratesInvertebratesFloweringFlowering Non-floweringNon-flowering

Fish

Amphibians

Reptiles

Birds

Mammals

With jointed legs

Without jointed legs

3 pairs of legs

4 pairs of legs

More than 4 pairs of legs

Worm-like

Not worm-like

Monocotyledon

Dicotyledon

With seed

Without seed

Conifers Mosses

Algae

Ferns

Topic 3 Biodiversity

with Backbones

(10%)

with Backbones

(10%)

without Backbones

(90%)

without Backbones

(90%)

Chapter3.1

Variety of Living Things and Their Classification

Animals

Invertebrates

Vertebrates

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Animals can be classified into two groups:

Animals without backbone Make up the most number of animals on the Earth Have great variety of shapes and sizes Some invertebrates have soft bodies with no bones at all. Examples of these

invertebrates are earthworms and octopus Some invertebrates have coating on the outside of their bodies, also known as

exoskeletons. Examples of these invertebrates are beetle and lobster

Animals with backbone All vertebrates are either warm-blooded or cold-blooded Warm-blooded vertebrates have fixed body temperature Cold-blooded vertebrates have body temperature that changes to the

surrounding temperature Can be divided into five main groups, which are fish, amphibians,

reptiles, birds and mammals


Invertebrates With Jointed LegsInvertebrates With Jointed Legs

3 pairs of legs

4 pairs of legs

More than 4

pairs of legs

ExampleFly,

beetle, cricket

Scorpion, spider

Centipede, prawn,

crab

Invertebrates Without Jointed LegsInvertebrates Without Jointed Legs

Worm-like Not worm-like

ExampleEarthworm,Flatworm

Starfish, Snail,jellyfish

InvertebratesInvertebrates


Classification Of Animals

Fish Amphibions Reptiles Birds Mammals

Water Land and waterLand and

waterLand

Land except whales and

dolphinsHabitat

Slimy scalesLand and

watermoist skinScaly skin Feathers Hair / fur

Body covered

Lay eggs (without shell)


Lay eggs (with shells)

Lay eggs (with shells)

Give birth to young

Reproduction

Cold blooded Cold blooded Cold bloodedWarm

bloodedWarm bloodedBlood type

External External Internal Internal InternalFertilisation

Have fin, tails -Have sharp

teeth

Have toothless

beak

Females have mammary

glandsOthers

Goldfish ToadTortoise,

snakeParrot, pigeon

Orang utan, elephant

Example

Chapter3.1 Variety of Living Things and Their Classification

Class of vertebrate Fish

Characteristics

Characteristic of body

Type of blood

Breathing organ

Type of fertilisation

Method of reproduction

Habitat

Examples of animals

Covered and protected by overlapping scales

Cold-blooded

Gills

External fertilisation

Lay eggs

Water

Sardine, goldfish, eel, clownfish

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Class of vertebrate Amphibians

Characteristics


Type of blood

Breathing organ



Habitat

Examples of animals

Covered by moist skin

Cold-blooded

Gills (tadpole stage) Skins and lungs (adult stage)

External fertilisation


Water and land

Frog, toad, salamander

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Class of vertebrate

Characteristics


Type of blood

Breathing organ



Habitat

Examples of animals

Covered with dry scales

Cold-blooded

Lungs

Internal fertilisation

Lay eggs (with shell)

Reptiles

Water and land

Crocodile, turtle, snake

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Class of vertebrate Birds

Characteristics


Type of blood

Breathing organ



Habitat

Examples of animals

Covered with feathers Have beak Have a pair of wings Have a pair of legs covered with dry scales

Warm-blooded

Lungs


Sparrow, swan, chicken, pigeon

Lay eggs (with shell)

Land

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Class of vertebrate Mammals

Characteristics


Type of blood

Breathing organ



Habitat

Examples of animals Lion, deer, elephant, whale

Covered with fur or hair Have a pair of external ears Have sweat gland Have mammary gland (produce milk for the young)

Warm-blooded

Lungs


Give birth to young

Land

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Characteristics Monocotyledon Dicotyledon


Plant

Flowering plants

Leaf Leaves with parallelveins

Leaves with networkveins

Number of Cotyledon One Two

Type of stem Soft stem Woody stem

Type of root Fibrous roots system Tap roots system

Examples Maize plant Rambutan tree

Non-flowering plants

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Plants can be classified into two groups:

produce flower, fruit and seed. They reproduce by seeds can be classified into monocotyledon and dicotyledon

do not produce flower, fruit and seed. They reproduce by spores orbinary fission

can be classified into algae, fungi, moss and fern

Parallel veins

Dicotyledons

Veins

Network veins

Monocotyledons

Fibrous root

Dicotyledons

Roots

Tap roots

Monocotyledons

Scattered bundles

Dicotyledons

Bundles

Circled bundles

Monocotyledons

Non-woody stems

Dicotyledons

Stems

Woody stems

Monocotyledons

• Herbaceous plants

- maize

- banana

Dicotyledons

Example

• Trees, shrubs

- papaya

- balsam

Monocotyledons

One

Dicotyledons

Number of cotyledon

Two

MonocotyledonsMonocotyledons


Flowering Plants

Number of cotyledon

Monocotyledon

2

Dicotyledon

veinsVeins veins

rootsRoots Tap roots

Scattered bundlesBundles bundles

stemsStems stemsExamples:


Non-Flowering Plants

Non-Flowering Plants

ConifersConifers

Have true roots, stemsReproduced by seedsExample- pine

- casuarina

FernsFerns MossesMosses AlgaeAlgae

StemStem

LeavesLeaves

RootsRoots

NO

NO

NONO

HabitatHabitatMoist and

shady places on land

Moist and shady places

on land


on land


on land

Water and moist places

on land

Water and moist places

on land

Reproduce by

Reproduce by sporespore sporespore binary fissionbinary fission

ExampleExample LeafLeaf Moss, liverworth

Moss, liverworth

Spirogyra, sea algaeSpirogyra, sea algae

With SeedsWith Seeds Without SeedsWithout Seeds

Spore

capsule

Spore

capsule


Non-flowering plant Algae

Characteristics

Type of stem, leaf and root

Chlorophyll

Nutrition

Reproduction

Habitat

Examples of plant

Do not have leaves, stem and root

Present

Makes its own food (carries out photosynthesis)

Binary fission

Water

Chlamydomonas, spirogyra, seaweed

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Non-flowering plant Fungi

Characteristics


Chlorophyll

Nutrition

Reproduction

Habitat

Examples of plant

Do not have leaves, stem and root

Absent

Gets food from living or dead organisms(live as parasite)

Produces spores (yeast reproduce by budding)

Damp places

Mold, yeast, mushroom

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Non-flowering plant Moss

Characteristics


Chlorophyll

Nutrition

Reproduction

Habitat

Examples of plant

Have leaves and stem Do not have root

Present

Make its own food (carries out photosynthesis)

Produces spores

Damp places

Moss

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Non-flowering plant Fern

Characteristics


Chlorophyll

Nutrition

Reproduction

Habitat

Examples of plant

Have leaves, stem and root

Present

Makes its own food (carries out photosynthesis)

Produce spores

Damp places

Ferns

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Source of air

Source of clean water

Source of food

Source of material

Source of medicine

Importance of

Biodiversity




Maintaining Biodiversity

Conduct campaigns to

create awareness

Enforce laws and legislation

Establish natural reserves

Exploit resources wisely

Living organisms can be classified into animals and plants

Habitat is the place that living organisms lives, seeks food and reproduce

Animals are divided into two group, which is vertebrate and invertebrate

Most of the animals on earth are invertebrates

Vertebrates is the animals with backbones. These includes fish, amphibians, reptiles, birds and mammals

Invertebrates is the animals without backbones

Plants are divided into two groups, which are flowering plants andnon-flowering plants

Flowering plants can be classified into monocotyledon and dicotyledon

Non-flowering plants can be classified into algae, fungi, moss and fern

Q.R.3.1 Quick Refresh

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