Kidney Conditions

8/17/2019 Kidney Conditions

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Kidney ConditionsPyelonephritis (infection of kidney pelvis):

Bacteria may infect the kidney, usually causing back pain and fever. A spread of bacteria from an

untreated bladder infection is the most common cause of pyelonephritis.

Glomerulonephritis:

An overactive immune system may attack the kidney, causing inammation and some damage.

Blood and protein in the urine are common problems that occur !ith glomerulonephritis. "t can also

result in kidney failure.

#idney stones (nephrolithiasis):$inerals in urine form crystals (stones), !hich may gro! large enough to block urine o!. "t%s

considered one of the most painful conditions. $ost kidney stones pass on their o!n but some are

too large and need to be treated.

&ephrotic syndrome:

'amage to the kidneys causes them to spill large amounts of protein into the urine. eg s!elling

(edema) may be a symptom.Polycystic kidney disease:

A genetic condition resulting in large cysts in both kidneys that impair their function.Acute renal failure (kidney failure):

A sudden !orsening in kidney function. 'ehydration, a blockage in the urinary tract, or kidney

damage can cause acute renal failure, !hich may be reversible.hronic renal failure:

A permanent partial loss of kidney function. 'iabetes and high blood pressure are the most common

causes.*nd stage renal disease (*+'):

omplete loss of kidney function, usually due to progressive chronic kidney disease. People !ith

*+' re-uire regular dialysis for survival.Papillary necrosis:

+evere damage to the kidneys can cause chunks of kidney tissue to break o internally and clog the

kidneys. "f untreated, the resulting damage can lead to total kidney failure.'iabetic nephropathy:

/igh blood sugar from diabetes progressively damages the kidneys, eventually causing chronic

kidney disease. Protein in the urine (nephrotic syndrome) may also result./ypertensive nephropathy:

#idney damage caused by high blood pressure. hronic renal failure may eventually result.#idney cancer:

enal cell carcinoma is the most common cancer aecting the kidney. +moking is the most common

cause of kidney cancer."nterstitial nephritis:

"nammation of the connective tissue inside the kidney, often causing acute renal failure. Allergic

reactions and drug side eects are the usual causes.$inimal change disease:

A form of nephrotic syndrome in !hich kidney cells look almost normal under the microscope. 0he

disease can cause signi1cant leg s!elling (edema). +teroids are used to treat minimal changedisease.&ephrogenic diabetes insipidus:

0he kidneys lose the ability to concentrate the urine, usually due to a drug reaction. Although it%s

rarely dangerous, diabetes insipidus causes constant thirst and fre-uent urination.enal cyst:

A benign hollo!ed2out space in the kidney. "solated kidney cysts occur in many normal people and

almost never impair kidney function.

Kidney Tests3rinalysis:

A routine test of the urine by a machine and often by a person looking through a microscope.3rinalysis can help detect infections, inammation, microscopic bleeding, and kidney damage.#idney ultrasound:

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A probe placed on the skin reects sound !aves o the kidneys, creating images on a screen.

3ltrasound can reveal blockages in urine o!, stones, cysts, or suspicious masses in the kidneys.omputed tomography (0 scan):

A 0 scanner takes a series of 52rays and a computer creates detailed images of the kidneys.$agnetic resonance imaging ($" scan):

A scanner uses radio !aves in a magnetic 1eld to make high2resolution images of the kidneys.3rine and blood cultures:

"f an infection is suspected, cultures of the blood and urine may identify the bacteria responsible.

0his can help target antibiotic therapy.3reteroscopy:

An endoscope (e6ible tube !ith a camera on its end) is passed through the urethra into the bladder

and ureters. 3reteroscopy generally cannot reach the kidneys themselves, but can help treat

conditions that also aect the ureters.#idney biopsy:

3sing a needle inserted into the back, a small piece of kidney tissue is removed. *6amining the

kidney tissue under a microscope may help diagnose a kidney problem.

Kidney TreatmentsAntibiotics:

#idney infections caused by bacteria are treated !ith antibiotics. 7ften, cultures of the blood or urine

can help guide the choice of antibiotic therapy.&ephrostomy:

A tube (catheter) is placed through the skin into the kidney. 3rine then drains directly from the

kidney, bypassing any blockages in urine o!.

ithotripsy:

+ome kidney stones may be shattered into small pieces that can pass in the urine. $ost often,

lithotripsy is done by a machine that pro8ects ultrasound shock !aves through the body.&ephrectomy:

+urgery to remove a kidney. &ephrectomy is performed for kidney cancer or severe kidney damage.'ialysis:

Arti1cial 1ltering of the blood to replace the lost function of damaged kidneys. /emodialysis is the

most common method of dialysis in the 3.+./emodialysis:

A person !ith complete kidney failure is connected to a dialysis machine, !hich 1lters the blood and

returns it to the body. /emodialysis is typically done three days per !eek in people !ith *+'.Peritoneal dialysis:

Placing large amounts of a special uid in the abdomen through a catheter, allo!s the body to 1lter

the blood using the natural membrane lining the abdomen. After a !hile the uid !ith the !aste is

drained and discarded.#idney transplant:

0ransplanting a kidney into a person !ith *+' can restore kidney function. A kidney may be

transplanted from a living donor, or a recently deceased organ donor.

Kidney Failure

#idney failure is !hen your kidneys stop !orking !ell enough for you to live !ithout dialysis or a kidneytransplant. #idney failure can happen very suddenly (called acute renal failure) or slo!ly over time. "nmost cases, kidney failure is permanent. 0his is called end2stage renal disease or *+'. /o! is kidney failure (*+') dierent from chronic kidney disease (#')9hat causes kidney failure9/o! can " prevent kidney failure9hat are the tests for kidney failure9

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How is kidney failure (ESRD) dierent from chronic kidney disease (CKD)

#' means that your kidneys are damaged. ith #', your kidneys may still be !orking some, butthey.

• An eG> less than ?@ for months or more may be a sign of kidney disease.


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rine Test

• 0his test tells your doctor if there is blood or protein in your urine.

• =our doctor may test your urine in the oce or ask you to collect your urine at home.

• Protein or blood in your urine may be a sign of kidney disease.

lood *ressure

• 0his test tells your doctor ho! hard your heart is !orking to pump your blood.

• /igh blood pressure can cause kidney disease, but kidney disease can also cause you to have

high blood pressure.

• >or most people, a normal blood pressure is less than 4;@CD@ (4;@ over D@). Ask your doctor

!hat your blood pressure should be.

*olycystic Kidney Disease (*KD)

7ver ?@@,@@@ Americans have polycystic kidney disease (P#'). 0his genetic disease causes manycysts to gro! in the kidneys. 7ver time, these cysts damage the kidneys and can lead tokidney failure.

How is *KD dierent from sim#le kidney cysts

"t is common for our kidneys to develop small, uid21lled cysts as !e age. 0hese are called simplekidney cysts and are almost al!ays benign (not harmful). "n contrast, P#' is a genetic disease thatcauses many cysts to form in the kidneys. 0hese cysts gro! out of control and can overrun thekidneys. "n time, the P#' cysts damage the kidneys and can lead to kidney failure.

+re there dierent kinds of *KD

0here are three types of P#'.

0he most common type of P#' is called Autosomal 'ominant Polycystic #idney 'isease (A'P#'), and itis caused by a dominant gene. "f a person has this gene, he or she has a E@2E@ chance of passing it onto a child. +igns of A'P#' often don


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!hat are the sym#toms of *KD

&ot everyone !ith P#' has symptoms. "f you do have symptoms of P#', they might include:

• Pain in your back or sides

• /igh blood pressure

• /aving headaches often

• 3rinary tract infections

• Blood in your urine (called hematuria)

"f you are having symptoms of P#' or think that you may be at risk for the disease, talk to your doctor. =our doctor may ask about your family history to determine your level of risk for P#'. =our doctor mayalso use imaging tests like ultrasound, $" or 0 to check your kidneys for cysts.

Genetic tests are available if A'P#' is suspected, but they may be of little use. 0here is no cure for

P#', and a genetic test cannot tell !hen the disease !ill appear or ho! severe it !ill be.

!hat can " do if " ha$e *KD

0here is no cure for P#' yet, but you can take steps to help slo! damage to your kidneys.

• #eep a healthy blood pressure

• *at a diet lo! in salt

• ontrol diabetes if you have it

• Avoid tobacco

• ork !ith a nephrologist (kidney specialist) to manage your P#'

Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD)

An estimated 4 million people in the 3nited +tates are living !ith chronic kidney disease (#').

!hat is CKD

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0he term Fchronic kidney disease (#') means lasting damage to the kidneys that can get !orse overtime. "f the damage is very bad, your kidneys may stop !orking. 0his is called kidney failure, or end2stage renal disease (*+'). "f your kidneys fail, you !ill need dialysis or a kidney transplant in order tolive.

!ho is at riskAnyone can develop kidney disease, but you are more at risk if you:

• /ave diabetes

• /ave high blood pressure

• /ave heart disease

• /ave a family member !ith kidney disease

• Are African2American, /ispanic, &ative American or Asian

• Are over ?@ years old

How can " #re$ent CKD

'iabetes and high blood pressure are the t!o leading causes of #'. 0he best thing you can do to helpprotect your kidneys is to !ork !ith your doctor to keep these in control.

A healthy lifestyle can also help you prevent #'.

• *at a diet lo! in fat and salt

• *6ercise most days of the !eek

• /ave regular check2ups !ith your doctor

• Avoid tobacco

• imit alcohol

How do " know if " ha$e CKD

#' usually has no symptoms until it is very far along. 0he only !ay to be sure ho! your kidneys are!orking is to get tested. Being tested for kidney disease is simple. Ask your doctor about these tests:

e%FR (estimated %lomerular Filtration Rate)

• 0his test tells your doctor ho! !ell your kidneys clean your blood.

• =our doctor tests your blood for a kind of !aste called creatinine. /ealthy kidneys 1lter

creatinine out of your blood. =our doctor !ill then use your creatinine test result to 1gure outyour eG>.

• An eG> less than ?@ for months or more may be a sign of kidney disease.

rine Test

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• 0his test tells your doctor if there is blood or protein in your urine.

• =our doctor may test your urine in the oce or ask you to collect your urine at home.

• Protein or blood in your urine may be a sign of kidney disease.

lood *ressure

• 0his test tells your doctor ho! hard your heart is !orking to pump your blood.

• /igh blood pressure can cause kidney disease, but kidney disease can also cause you to have

high blood pressure.

• >or most people, a normal blood pressure is less than 4;@CD@ (4;@ over D@). Ask your doctor

!hat your blood pressure should be.

How is CKD treated

ith #', the damage to your kidneys is usually permanent. "t cannot be 16ed, but you can take stepsto help slo! do!n the #' and keep the damage from getting !orse.

• ontrol your blood sugar if you have diabetes

• #eep a healthy blood pressure

• *at a heart healthy diet (lo! in salt and fat)

• *6ercise most days of the !eek

• #eep a healthy !eight

• 'o not smoke or use tobacco

• imit alcohol

• 0alk to your doctor about medicines that might help protect your kidneys

"f you treat kidney disease early, you may be able to slo! it do!nI

Ti#s for Healthy ,i$in&

*at a diet lo! in salt and fatBe physically active#eep a healthy !eightontrol your cholesterol 0ake medicines as directedimit alcoholAvoid tobacco

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Eat a diet low in salt and fat

*ating healthy can help prevent or control diabetes, high blood pressure and kidney disease. A healthydiet has a balance of fruits, vegetables, !hole grains, dairy products, lean meats and beans. *vensmall changes like limiting salt (sodium) and fat, can make a big dierence in your health.

,imit salt

• 'o not add salt to your food !hen cooking or eating. 0ry cooking !ith fresh herbs, lemon 8uiceor other spices.

• hoose fresh or froKen vegetables instead of canned vegetables. "f you do use canned

vegetables, rinse them before eating or cooking !ith them to remove e6tra salt.

• +hop for items that say Freduced2sodium or Flo!2sodium.

• Avoid processed foods like froKen dinners and lunch meats.

• imit fast food and salty snacks, like chips, pretKels and salted nuts.

,imit fat

• hoose lean meats or 1sh. emove the skin and trim the fat o your meats before you cook

them.

• Bake, grill or broil your foods instead of frying them.

• +hop for fat2free and lo!2fat dairy products, salad dressing and mayonnaise.

• 0ry olive oil or canola oil instead of vegetable oil.

• hoose egg !hites or egg substitute rather than !hole eggs.

hoosing healthy foods is a great start, but eating too much of healthy foods can also be a problem. 0he other part of a healthy diet is portion control (!atching ho! much you eat). 0o help control yourportions, you might:

• *at slo!ly and stop eating !hen you are not hungry anymore. "t takes about ;@ minutes foryour stomach to tell your brain that you are full.

• heck nutrition facts to learn the true serving siKe of a food. >or e6ample, a ;@2ounce bottle of

soda is really t!o and a half servings.

• 'o not eat directly from the bag or bo6. 0ake out one serving and put the bo6 or bag a!ay.

• Avoid eating !hen !atching 0L or driving.

• Be mindful of your portions even !hen you do not have a measuring cup, spoon or scale.

Get more information about kidney friendly diets here.

e #hysically acti$e

*6ercise can help you stay healthy. 0o get the most bene1t, e6ercise for at least @ minutes, E days ofthe !eek. "f that seems like too much, start out slo! and !ork your !ay up. ook for fun activities thatyou en8oy. 0ry !alking !ith a friend, dancing, s!imming or playing a sport. Adding 8ust a little more

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activity to your routine can help. *6ercise can also help relieve stress, another common cause of highblood pressure.

Kee# a healthy wei&ht

#eeping a healthy !eight can help you manage your blood sugar, control your blood pressure, andlo!er your risk for kidney disease. Being over!eight puts you more at risk for diabetes and high bloodpressure. 0alk to your doctor about ho! much you should !eigh. "f you are over!eight, losing 8ust a

fe! pounds can make a big dierence.

Control your cholesterol

/aving high cholesterol, especially if you have diabetes, puts you more at risk for kidney disease, heartdisease and stroke. "t can also cause diabetic kidney disease to get !orse faster.

>or most people, normal cholesterol levels are:

• 0otal holesterol: ess than ;@@

• /' (Fgood cholesterol): $ore than H@

• ' (Fbad cholesterol): ess than 4@@

=our triglycerides are also important. People !ith high triglycerides are more at risk for kidney disease,heart disease and stroke. >or most people, a healthy triglyceride level is less than 4E@.

"f your total cholesterol, ' or triglycerides are high, or if your /' is lo!, talk to your doctor. =ourdoctor may suggest e6ercise, diet changes or medicines to help you get to a healthy cholesterol level.

Take medicines as directed

0o help protect your kidneys, take medicines as directed.

+ome medicines may help you manage conditions that can damage your kidneys, like diabetes or highblood pressure. Ask your doctor ho! to take any medicines he or she prescribes. $ake sure to take themedicines 8ust ho! your doctor tells you. 0his may mean taking some medicines, like blood pressuremedicines, even !hen you feel 1ne. 7ther medicines can harm your kidneys if you take them too much. >or e6ample, even over2the2counter pain medicines can damage your kidneys over time. >ollo! the label directions for anymedicines you take. +hare !ith your doctor a list of all of your medicines (even over2the2countermedicines and vitamins) to help make sure that you are not taking anything that may harm your

kidneys.

,imit alcohol

'rinking alcohol in large amounts can cause your blood pressure to rise. imiting ho! much alcoholyou drink can help you keep a healthy blood pressure. /ave no more than t!o drinks per day if you


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"f you use tobacco, -uitting can help lo!er your chances of getting kidney disease or help slo! thedisease do!n if you already have it.

Kidney.Friendly Diet and Foods/

Healthy Eatin& for *eo#le with Chronic Kidney Disease

=ou need to have a Fkidney2friendly meal plan !hen you have chronic kidney disease. atching !hatyou eat and drink !ill help you stay healthier. 0his section of our !ebsite is for people !ho have kidneydisease but are not on dialysis. "t describes a kidney2friendly diet and !hy it is important.

/ere, you !ill learn about:

• 0he basics of a healthy meal plan

• hat makes a kidney2friendly meal plan dierent

• +pecial steps for people !ith diabetes

• here to 1nd more information

#eep this in mind . . .

0his is only general information. &utrition needs vary from person to person depending on body siKe,activity, the stage of kidney disease and other health concerns. 0alk to a renal dietitian, someone !hospecialiKes in the kidney2friendly diet, to 1nd a meal plan that meets your needs.

=our doctor can suggest a dietitian, or you can 1nd one through the American 'ietetic Associationat !!!.eatright.org or 4.D@@.DJJ.4?@@. $edicare and many insurance plans !ill help pay for sessions!ith a dietitian. heck !ith your insurance to see if it !ill cover $edical &utrition 0herapy ($&0).

!hy is an eatin& #lan im#ortant

hat you eat aects your health. $aintaining a healthy !eight and follo!ing a balanced meal planthat is lo! in salt can help you control your blood pressure. "f you have diabetes, your meal plan is alsoimportant in controlling your blood sugar. ontrolling high blood pressure and diabetes may also helpslo! do!n kidney disease.

A kidney2friendly diet may also help. "t limits certain minerals in the foods you eat. 0his helps keep!aste from building up in your blood and may help prevent other health problems.

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• &utrition >acts

• Portion

"n this section, !eish Pasta and rice *ggs

Car-ohydrates

arbohydrates (Fcarbs) are the easiest kind of energy for your body to use. /ealthy sources ofcarbohydrates include fruits and vegetables. 3nhealthy sources of carbohydrates include sugar, honey,hard candies, soft drinks and other sugary drinks.

+ome carbohydrates are high in potassium and phosphorus, !hich you may need to limit depending onyour stage of kidney disease. e%ll talk about this in more detail a little later. =ou may also need to!atch your carbohydrates carefully if you have diabetes. =our dietitian can help you learn more aboutthe carbohydrates in your meal plan and ho! they aect your blood sugar.

Fat

=ou need some fat in your meal plan to stay healthy. >at gives you energy and helps you use some ofthe vitamins in your food. But too much fat can lead to !eight gain and heart disease. 0ry to limit fat inyour meal plan, and choose healthier fats !hen you can.

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/ealthier fat or Fgood fat is called unsaturated fat. *6amples of unsaturated fat include:

• 7live oil

• Legetable oils

3nsaturated fat can help reduce cholesterol. "f you need to gain !eight, try to eat more unsaturatedfat. "f you need to lose !eight, limit the unsaturated fat in your meal plan. As al!ays, moderation is the

key. 0oo much Fgood fat can also cause problems.

+aturated fat, also kno!n as Fbad fat, can raise your cholesterol level and put you at risk for heartdisease. *6amples of saturated fats include:

• Butter

• ard

• +hortening

• $eats

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• imit these in your meal plan. hoose healthier, unsaturated fat instead. 0rimming the fat from

meat and removing the skin from chicken or turkey can also help limit saturated fat.

• Sodium

• +odium (salt) is a mineral found in almost all foods. 0oo much sodium can make you thirsty,

!hich can lead to s!elling and raise your blood pressure. 0his can damage your kidneys more

and make your heart !ork harder.

• 7ne of the best things that you can do to stay healthy is to limit ho! much sodium you eat. 0o

limit sodium in your meal plan:

• 'o not add salt to your food !hen cooking or eating. 0ry cooking !ith fresh herbs, lemon 8uice or

other salt2free spices.

• hoose fresh or froKen vegetables instead of canned vegetables. "f you do use canned

vegetables, drain and rinse them to remove e6tra salt before cooking or eating them.

•

Avoid processed meats like ham, bacon, sausage and lunch meats.

• $unch on fresh fruits and vegetables rather than crackers or other salty snacks.

• Avoid canned soups and froKen dinners that are high in sodium.

• Avoid pickled foods, like olives and pickled.

• imit high2sodium condiments like soy sauce, BBN sauce and ketchup.

• Important! e careful with salt su-stitutes and

0reduced sodium0 foods1 2any salt su-stitutes arehi&h in #otassium1 Too much #otassium can -e

dan&erous for someone with kidney disease1 !ork

with your dietitian to 'nd low.sodium foods that are

also low in #otassium1

• 3utrition Facts

• 3se the &utrition >acts section on food labels to learn more about !hat is in the foods you eat.

0he &utrition >acts !ill tell you ho! much protein, carbohydrates, fat and sodium are in eachserving of a food. 0his can help you pick foods that are high in the nutrients you need and lo!in the nutrients you should limit.

• hen you look at the &utrition >acts, there are a fe! key areas that !ill give you the information

you need:

•

• *ortions

• hoosing healthy foods is a great start, but eating too much of even healthy foods can be a

problem. 0he other part of a healthy diet is portion control, or !atching ho! much you eat.

• 0o help control your portions:


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• *at slo!ly, and stop eating !hen you are not hungry any more. "t takes about ;@ minutes for

your stomach to tell your brain that you are full. "f you eat too -uickly, you may eat more thanyou need.

• heck the &utrition >acts on a food to learn the true serving siKe. $any packages have more

than one serving. >or e6ample, a ;@2ounce bottle of soda is really t!o2and2a2half servings.

• Avoid eating !hile doing something else, like !atching 0L or driving. hen you are distracted

you may not realiKe ho! much you have eaten.

• 'o not eat directly from the package the food came in. "nstead, take out one serving of food,

and put the bag or bo6 a!ay.

• Good portion control is an important part of any meal plan. "t is even more important in a

kidney2friendly meal plan, because you may need to limit ho! much of certain things you eatand drink. #eep reading to learn moreI

•

• How is a kidney.friendly diet dierent

• hen your kidneys are not !orking as !ell as they should, !aste and uid build up in your body.

7ver time, the !aste and e6tra uid can cause heart, bone and other health problems. Akidney2friendly meal plan limits ho! much of certain minerals and uid you eat and drink. 0hiscan help keep the !aste and uid from building up and causing problems.

• /o! strict your meal plan should be depends on your stage of kidney disease. "n the early

stages of kidney disease, you may have little or no limits on !hat you eat and drink. As yourkidney disease gets !orse, your doctor may recommend that you limit:

• Potassium

• Phosphorus

• >luids

• *otassium

• Potassium is a mineral found in almost all foods. =our body needs some potassium to make your

muscles !ork, but too much potassium can be dangerous. hen your kidneys are not !orking!ell, your potassium level may be too high or too lo!. /aving too much or too little potassiumcan cause muscle cramps, irregular heartbeat and muscle !eakness.

• $any people !ith kidney disease !ill need to limit potassium. Ask your doctor or dietitian if you

need to limit potassium.

• 3se the table belo! to learn !hich foods are lo! or high in potassium. =our dietitian can also

help you !ork in small amounts of your favorite foods that are high in potassium.

• Eat this 111 (lower.#otassium foods) • ather than ... (higher2potassium foods)

• Apples, cranberries, grapes, pineapples

and stra!berries

• Avocados, bananas, melons, oranges,

prunes and raisins

• aulio!er, onions, peppers, radishes,summer and Kucchini s-uash, lettuce

• Artichokes, kale, plantains, spinach,potatos and tomatoes

• Pita, tortillas and !hite breads • Bran products and granola

• Beef and chicken, !hite rice • Beans (baked, black, pinto, etc.), bro!n or

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• *hos#horus

• Phosphorus is a mineral found in many foods. "t !orks !ith calcium and vitamin ' to keep bones

healthy. /ealthy kidneys keep the right balance of phosphorus in your body. hen your kidneysare not !orking !ell, phosphorus can build up in your blood. 0oo much phosphorus in yourblood can lead to !eak bones that break easily.

• $any people !ith kidney disease need to limit phosphorus. Ask your dietitian if you need to limit

phosphorus.

• 'epending on your stage of kidney disease, your doctor may also prescribe a medicine called a

phosphate binder. 0his helps to keep phosphorus from building up in your blood. A phosphatebinder can be helpful, but you !ill still need to !atch ho! much phosphorus you eat. Ask yourdoctor if a phosphate binder is right for you.

• *at this ... (lo!er2phosphorous

foods)

• ather than ... (higher2

phosphorous foods)

• "talian, >rench or sourdough bread • hole2grain bread

•

orn or rice cereals and cream of !heat

•

Bran cereals and oatmeal

• 3nsalted popcorn • &uts and suno!er seeds

• +ome light2colored sodas and

lemonade

• 'ark2colored colas

• Fluids

• =ou need !ater to live, but !hen you have kidney disease, you may not need as much. 0his is

because damaged kidneys do not get rid of e6tra uid as !ell as they should. 0oo much uid inyour body can be dangerous. "t can cause high blood pressure, s!elling and heart failure. *6trauid can also build up around your lungs and make it hard to breathe.

• 'epending on your stage of kidney disease and your treatment, your doctor may tell you to limit

uid. "f your doctor tells you this, you !ill need to cut back on ho! much you drink. =ou may alsoneed to cut back on some foods that contain a lot of !ater. +oups or foods that melt, like ice, icecream and gelatin, have a lot of !ater. $any fruits and vegetables are high in !ater, too.

• Ask your doctor or dietitian if you need to limit uids.

• "f you do need to limit uids, measure your uids and drink from small cups to help you keep

track of ho! much you


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• =our doctor or dietitian might also suggest a special kind of vitamin ', folic acid or iron pill, to

help avoid some common side eects of kidney disease, like bone disease and anemia.

• egular multi2vitamins may not be healthy for you if you have kidney disease. 0hey may have

too much of some vitamins and not enough of others. 0alk to your doctor or dietitian to 1ndvitamins that are right for you.

• Important! Tell your doctor and dietitian a-out any

$itamins6 su##lements or o$er.the.counter medicinesyou are takin&1 Some may -e harmless6 -ut others

can dama&e your kidneys more or cause other health

#ro-lems1

• !hat if " ha$e dia-etes

• 'iabetes is the leading cause of kidney failure. 'iabetes can also damage other parts of your

body, like your eyes and heart. "f you have diabetes, you !ill need to !atch your blood sugarand diet to stay healthy. ork !ith your dietitian to make a kidney2friendly meal plan that helpsyou keep your blood sugar in control and prevent other health problems.

• A diabetes educator can also help you learn ho! to control your blood sugar. Ask your doctor torefer you to a diabetes educator in your area. =ou can also get a list of diabetes educators fromthe American Association of 'iabetes *ducatorsat !!!.diabeteseducator.org or4.D@@.D.?. $edicare and many insurance companies mayhelp pay for sessions !ith a diabetes educator.

• earn ho! to manage diabetes here

• Summary

• A !ell2balanced meal plan is important for good health. "t is even more important for people

!ith kidney disease, because it may help prevent further kidney damage. ork !ith yourdietitian to make a meal plan that helps you get the right amount of calories, protein,carbohydrates, fat and sodium. 'epending on your stage of kidney disease, you may also needto limit your potassium, phosphorus and uids. =our dietitian can help you !ith this as !ell.

•

Kidney Conditions

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