Kibera Africa
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Transcript of Kibera Africa
Kibera AfricaAfrica’s Largest Slum
Kibera, Kenya• Africa’s 2nd largest slum (Soweto
in Johannesburg, South Africa)• 3rd largest slum in the world
(Dharavi, Mumbai India)• Kibra forest/jungle in Nubian
Kibera - History• Est. 1918 British Kibera• Settlement in forests
outside Nairobi• Nubian soldiers returning
from WWI were awarded plots there for war efforts
Kibera - History• Kenya independence of 1963
housing in Kibera considered illegal by gov’t (no tenure)
• by 1970s landlords renting out properties to greater numbers than the law permitted
Kibera - History• Kibera was affordable despite
being illegal• Since mid 1970’s control of
Kibera in the hand of the Kikuyu (majority of population – 23%)
Kibera - Geography• located in SW of Nairobi• 5 km from city centre• To the south Nairobi River &
Nairobi Dam• Kibera is divided into 13 villages
Kibera - Geography• Area – 2km2 • Population 1 million• No building over 1 storey and
avg. house size 3m by 3m• Avg. 5 people per dwelling• Water & sewage minimal (1 pit
latrine for 50-500 people
Kibera – Physical Challenges• intense overcrowding and• In Soweto East—the focus of the
Kibera• 70,000 residents live on 52.8
acres.• 2,880 structures in Soweto East
are served• 100 toilets, 50 baths, and no
vehicular infrastructure
Kibera - Challenges
Kibera – Physical Challenges• congested living conditions
profoundly increase health risks and quality of life for residents.
• infectious and skin diseases spread easily and food contamination is common
Kibera – Physical Challenges• burn wood, charcoal and kerosene
indoors for cooking and lighting, which contributes to a high incidence of upper respiratory infection and irritation
• Children play in roads and dump areas for lack of adequate open spaces
Kibera – Environmental Challenges• limited from expanding to the
south and east by the Ngong River and Nairobi Dam, and to the north and west by the rail line to Kisumu
• terrain is hilly and sometimes steep complicates the building process
Kibera – Environmental Challenges• Residential & commercial dumping
of solid waste, human waste, medical waste, and wastewater cause perpetual degradation of the environment and water quality
•
Kibera – Environmental Challenges• Some pit latrines are located
inappropriately close to water sources, causing black water to seep into these sources, while inadequately maintained latrines negatively affect the general environment and community health.
Kibera – Environmental Challenges
Kibera – Economic Challenges• ~3/4 of Kibera’s households earn
less than Kenya 10,000 shillings per month (with avg. 5 people per household) $1 per day
• Housing affordability major challenge to upgrade or redevelop
Kibera – Economic Challenges• fees for water, sanitation,,
electricity or rubbish collection may further burden households.
• Taxation on regularized or legally recognized land or shelter increases financial obligations