Keynote - The Universeearthtoreilly.com/documents/modern-astronomy... · Expanding Universe. Title:...
Transcript of Keynote - The Universeearthtoreilly.com/documents/modern-astronomy... · Expanding Universe. Title:...
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The UniverseWhen and where did the Universe originate?
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Contact
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The Big Bang
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•Universe - all the space, matter, and energy that exists in any place
•Came into existence approximately 13.7 billion years ago with the Big Bang
The Universe
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• Big Bang - states that all matter and energy started out concentrated in a small area and after a gigantic explosion, matter began to organize into subatomic particles and atoms
The Universe
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Evidence of the Big Bang
1. Background Radiation - left over energy created by the explosion found in all parts of the Universe
• Scientists have found evidence of long wave radiation [microwaves] that come from all directions in the Universe
The Universe
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Background Radiation
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Evidence of the Big Bang
2. Doppler Effect - the apparent wave length shifting of electromagnetic energy caused by the relative motion between the energy source and the observer
The Universe
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Doppler Effect - Train in Motion
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Doppler Effect - Car Horn
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• Electromagnetic Energy - energy that is radiated through space in the forms of transverse waves
The Universe
Gamma rays
X rays
Ultraviolet Infrared
Microwaves
Radio waves
Visible light
Violet Blue Green Yellow Orange Red
Decreasing wavelength Increasing wavelength
(Not drawn to scale)
Earth Science Reference Tables
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• Each element gives off an electromagnetic spectral line [signature]
The Universe
Spectral Lines for Hydrogen
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•When scientists study energy coming off a celestial object they can infer:
•Composition of the object
•Direction of movement
The Universe
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• Positions of the colored lines [spectral lines] shift as they studied stars and galaxies
• Blue Shift - when Earth and the celestial object are coming together the spectral lines move towards the blue wavelength
• Red Shift - when Earth and the celestial object are moving apart the spectral lines move towards the red wavelength
The Universe
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The Universe
Red Shift vs. Blue Shift
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Electromagnetic Spectrum
The Universe
Gamma rays
X rays
Ultraviolet Infrared
Microwaves
Radio waves
Visible light
Violet Blue Green Yellow Orange Red
Decreasing wavelength Increasing wavelength
(Not drawn to scale)
Earth Science Reference Tables
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Normal
Red ShiftMoving Away
Blue ShiftMoving Towards
The Universe
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Expanding Universe