POPULATION CHANGEKey term DefinitionBirth rate

Death rate

Infant mortality rate

Total fertility rate

Life expectancy

Natural increase

Migration

Population pyramid(age-sex pyramid)LEDC

MEDC

Demographic transition model (DTM)Family planning

Ageing population

Youthful population

Dependent population

Population explosion

Over populated

Under populated

Optimum population

RURAL-URBAN MIGRATIONKey term DefinitionRural-urban migration

Urban growth

Urbanisation

Rural depopulation

Millionaire city

Mega-city

Pull factor

Push factor

Land degradation

Drought

Informal sector of workShanty town / favela

Self-help scheme

NGO

The Green Revolution

CHANGING CITY AND TOWN CENTRESKey term DefinitionCBD

Decentralisation

Retailing

Zone of retreat / zone of decayDeprivation

Retail parks

LDDC

Gentrification

Suburbs

Pedestrianised

Accessibility

Sphere of influence

Residential area

Urban renewal

Renovation

PRESSURE AT THE RURAL-URBAN FRINGEKey term DefinitionRural-urban fringe

Brownfield site

Greenfield site

Commuter

Science park

Trading estate

High-tech industry

Footloose industry

Suburbanisation

Green belt

New town

Commuter village

Conurbation

Counterurbanisation

Suburbanised village

Zone of transition

LIVING WITH TECTONIC HAZARDSKey term DefinitionTectonic plates

Destructive plate boundary/margin

Collision zone

Subduction zone

Mantle

Constructive plate boundary / margin

Conservative plate boundary / marginTremor

Richter scale

Mercalli scale

Primary effects

Secondary effects

Lava

Magma

Hot spot

Pacific ring of fire

Geothermal energy

Focus

Epicentre

Seismograph

WEATHER HAZARDSKey term DefinitionClimate

Precipitation

Weather

Synoptic chart

Depression (low pressure system)

Occluded front

Warm frontCold frontIsobar

Anticyclone

Tropical storm

Hurricane / cyclone / typhoon

Storm surge

Hydrological (water) cycle

Porous rock

Permeable rock

Impermeable rock

Levee

Transpiration

WATER AND FOOD SUPPLY

Key term DefinitionPoverty

Overgrazing

Soil degradation

Appropriate technologySoil erosion

Malnutrition

Subsistence farming Negative food loop (p135 in Issues and E.)Desertification

Sahel

Climate change

Overcultivation

Deforestation

Sanitation

Cholera

Genetic engineering /genetic modificationIntensive farming

Agriculture

PRESSURES ON THE PHYSICAL ENVIRONMENTKey term DefinitionNational Park

Physical weathering

Chemical weathering

Biological weathering

Erosion

Glacier

Pyramidal peakCorrieGlacial trough / U-shaped valleyAreteMoraineHoneypot site

Cultural impacts of tourism Environmental impacts of tourism

Economic impacts of tourism E.g…

Seasonal employmentLow-cost, unskilled jobs

Positive impacts of tourismE.g…Negative impacts of tourism E.g…

Management of tourism

Ecotourism

Sustainable tourismTourism

Infrastructure

Recreational activities

CONTRASTING LEVELS OF DEVELOPMENT

Key term DefinitionGross National Product (GNP) per capitaAdult literacy rate

NIC

Employment structure

Primary industry

Secondary industry

Tertiary industry

Human development index (HDI)Census

Standard of living

Refugees

Indicators of development

Aid

Bilateral aid

Multilateral aid

Long term aid

Heavy industry

Quality of life

Mortality

RESOURCE DEPLETION

Key term DefinitionResource

Renewable

Non-renewable

A reserve

Fossil fuel

HEP

Recycle

Landfill site

MANAGING ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT

Key term DefinitionTNC / multinational company

Acid rain

Global warming

Ozone depletion

CFCs

Greenhouse gases

Appropriate technologySustainable developmentPressure group

Kyoto Protocol

Interdependence

Coral bleaching

TOURISM AND DEVELOPMENT

Key term DefinitionTourism

Recreation

Ecotourism

Sustainable tourism

‘Green tourism’

Regional development

Wildlife tourism