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Key recommnadation from AASW6: Innovations in targeting African farming systems
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Transcript of Key recommnadation from AASW6: Innovations in targeting African farming systems
Innovations in targeting African farmingsystems for improved productivity and
investment impact
FARA AASW Sub-theme 2Accra, 19 July 2013
John Dixon Principal Regional Coordinator
South Asia & Africa, ACIAR
Contents
Challenges for ARD
Approaches to targeting
Farming systems
Conclusion
Challenge 1: food requirements in 2050
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
1970 1990 2010 2030 2050
Glo
bal F
ood
Dem
and
(Pet
acal
/day
)
Year
71% increase 2010 to 2050
129% increase 1970 to 2010
Source: Keating et al 2012
Goal: “feeding 9 billion”
Century trends: population, agric prices
Source: Fuglie & Wang 2012
Regional trends: African extensification cf Asian intensification
Source:World Bank, 2008
In some African countries, areas of under utilized agricultural land
Challenge 2: current hunger & poverty
Goal: “eliminate poverty for 1 billion poor”
Pathways out of smallholder poverty
Intensification20%
Diversification30%
Exit
10%
Off-Farm Income20%
Farm Size 20%
Example: maize mixed farming system in east and southern Africa
Some of the constraints …
Low productivityScarce biomass
Land degradation
Poor marketsClimate variability
Limited resouces
A response: Sustainable Intensification Systems
Increased productivity and resilience without loss of resource quality, through:• Commodity or NRM programs • Augmented by “systems” components
Four pillars require investment:• Systems and farming systems• Innovation systems and information sharing• Policies, institutions and markets• Metrics and monitoring
Where and how to target sustainable intensification and agric R&D
Current targeting is often organized by administrative or agro-ecological zones
Potential for improved targeting to ..• Improve efficiency and impact, e.g., research
productivity• Align better with other programs and partners
Targeting by farming systems is generallymore efficient than by administrative divisionsor agro-ecological zones
African farming systems framework
NOTES Too much diversity for research & policy decisions
Differentiate broad farming systems, each with a “core concept” and specific R4D priorities
NB. A similar classification exists for North Africa
Contrasting sub-systems: Highland Perennial farming system
Central Highlands Western Highlands
Population density +++ ++++Farm size +++ ++Market infrastructure ++ +Poverty 30% poor >60% poorCrop area
35% maize17% tea
17% coffeeMore high value crops
42% maize8% tea
10% coffee
% of improved cattle 95%22% of crop area in
fodderZero-grazing increasing
67%11% in fodder
Value of production 102K KSh/household 44K KSh/householdUse of fertilizers 122 kg/ha
74 manure bags51 kg/ha
26 manure bags
SYSTEM LEVELHigh population densityHigh agricultural potentialPermanently cultivated systemsMarket-orientation as a way to intensify systems
SUBSYSTEM LEVELDifferentiate
Drivers of farming system change
• Population, hunger and poverty• Natural resources and climate• Energy • Human capital and information (gender)
• Technology and science
• Markets and trade • Institutions and policies
Productivity and risk e.g., possibilities to 2030 in Australia
Carberry et al. 2011
Applying farming systems targeting
Value add at regional scale Differentiating regional strategic priorities Framing technology spillovers across countries Potential framework for monitoring progress (CAADP ..
Value add at national scale Enrich existing planning frameworks Support CAADP investment plans
Some implications in Africa
• Foresight needed to specify plausible future scenarios
• Increased productivity of existing food production without diversification risks poverty traps
• Small holders have comparative advantage in integrated
management-intensive production • Research on institutional innovations for gender
sensitive access to services (beyond markets), access to resources (land, water, .) and options for risk management
Conclusion
Twin challenges (of feeding 9 billion in 2050 and addressing current poverty of 1 billion) can be met through targeted research and scaling out (supported by other programs)
Farming systems offers an efficient targeting framework to support CAADP Investment Plans • Within countries, to enrich existing approaches• Within sub-regions, for strategic priorities and
spillovers
ACIAR
Thank you for your attention