Key QuestionsKey Questions

What impact did the First World War What impact did the First World War have on cultural and artistic trends?have on cultural and artistic trends?

What role did mass culture and What role did mass culture and leisure have on society and leisure have on society and government control?government control?

Themes—alienation, disillusionment, Themes—alienation, disillusionment, irrational, subjective, consciousness, irrational, subjective, consciousness, escapism, consumerismescapism, consumerism

The Shock of the ModernThe Shock of the Modern—High and Mass Culture—High and Mass Culture

Disillusionment and Denial, Disillusionment and Denial,

1919-391919-39

Roaring TwentiesRoaring Twenties

Shift in moralsShift in morals Jazz and dance hallsJazz and dance halls Influence of U.S.Influence of U.S. Josephine Baker Josephine Baker Consumerism and Consumerism and

advertisingadvertising Buying on creditBuying on credit New media (radio, New media (radio,

movies, etc.)movies, etc.) New fashion styles—New fashion styles—

challenge traditional challenge traditional gender rolesgender roles

Radio and FilmRadio and Film

New tool for New tool for governments, esp. governments, esp. dictatorshipsdictatorships

BBC and BBC and VolksempfVolksempfäängernger

Goebbels and Goebbels and Triumph of the WillTriumph of the Will

Charlie Chaplin and Charlie Chaplin and Fritz Lang—Fritz Lang—critiques of critiques of technologytechnology

Mass LeisureMass Leisure Organized sports—Organized sports—

gymnastics, gymnastics, soccer, World Cupsoccer, World Cup

1936 Olympics1936 Olympics Air travel and Air travel and

tourismtourism AutomobilesAutomobiles DopolovaroDopolovaro and and

Kraft durch FreudeKraft durch Freude—regimentation of —regimentation of leisure for state leisure for state purposespurposes

Intellectual LifeIntellectual Life

Sense of Sense of disillusionment and disillusionment and alienationalienation

Reaction to WWIReaction to WWI Oswald Spengler, Oswald Spengler,

Decline of the WestDecline of the West Openness about sex Openness about sex

and birth controland birth control ““Weimar Culture” Weimar Culture”

(Berlin)—(Berlin)—Cabinet of Dr. Cabinet of Dr. CaligariCaligari

Nazi reactionNazi reaction—”degenerate art”—”degenerate art”

exilesexiles

Expression(ismExpression(ism))

Emotional attitude Emotional attitude toward subjecttoward subject

Grosz, Dix, Grosz, Dix, Beckmann, Dada—Beckmann, Dada—Hoch, TzaraHoch, Tzara

Expression(ism) IIExpression(ism) II

Abstraction IAbstraction I Formal structureFormal structure Reduce reality to Reduce reality to

essential elements of essential elements of light and colorlight and color

Picasso, Stella, Miro, Picasso, Stella, Miro, Leger, Demuth, MondrianLeger, Demuth, Mondrian

Abstraction IIAbstraction II

Fantasy IFantasy I Use of imaginationUse of imagination Spontaneous and Spontaneous and

irrationalirrational Influence of FreudInfluence of Freud Klee, Dali, ChiricoKlee, Dali, Chirico

Fantasy IIFantasy II

Architecture and SculptureArchitecture and Sculpture Modern style—form Modern style—form

follows functionfollows function Essential elements—Essential elements—

steel, concrete, glasssteel, concrete, glass ““Boxes with windows”Boxes with windows” Bauhaus & WrightBauhaus & Wright

Henry Moore

Literature and MusicLiterature and Music

““Stream of consciousness” style—Stream of consciousness” style—Proust, Joyce, Faulkner, Woolf, Hesse, Proust, Joyce, Faulkner, Woolf, Hesse, Kafka, T.S. EliotKafka, T.S. Eliot

Lost Generation in U.S.—Hemingway, Lost Generation in U.S.—Hemingway, FitzgeraldFitzgerald

All Quiet on the Western FrontAll Quiet on the Western FrontWeill, Weill, Threepenny OperaThreepenny OperaAtonal music and serialism—Atonal music and serialism—

Stravinsky and SchoenbergStravinsky and Schoenberg

PsychologyPsychology

Influence of FreudInfluence of Freud Ideas seemed Ideas seemed

confirmed—confirmed—Civilization and Its Civilization and Its DiscontentsDiscontents

Carl Jung and Carl Jung and “collective “collective unconscious”unconscious”

Increased Increased importance of importance of psychoanalysispsychoanalysis

““Heroic Age of Physics”Heroic Age of Physics”

Influence of quantum Influence of quantum theory and Einsteintheory and Einstein

Rutherford and Rutherford and atomsatoms

Heisenberg Heisenberg “uncertainty “uncertainty principle”principle”

First atom split in First atom split in Germany in 1938Germany in 1938

University of ChicagoUniversity of Chicago—1—1stst chain reaction chain reaction in 1942 (Fermi)in 1942 (Fermi)