Key Points for GRB

7/30/2019 Key Points for GRB

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Gender Responsive Budgeting

GRB involves government planning, programming and budgeting that contributes to the

advancement of gender equality and the fulfillment of women's rights. With a primary aim to

create enabling policy frameworks, build capacity and strengthen monitoring mechanisms to

support accountability to women at both national and sub-national levels. It thus reinforces the

relevance of incorporating a gender perspective in all stages of national planning, budgeting

and monitoring and evaluation processes to further build political support, develop technical

resources and capacity, and generate good practices for improving women's access to services.

A crucial component of GRB is to seek positive interaction at all levels including policy making

and implementation.

The core of GRB lies in adopting rights based approach that makes the process of dissemination

of fruits of development as inclusive and humane as it can get. In light of the strong

international consensus around gender mainstreaming in the last two decades and thequintessential standards it has set through landmark conventions, the compliance to these has

become highly essential for a country’s standing in the international community.

Checkpoints

CONCEPT NOTE

Finance Minister’s speech about GRB

Women and Child Development Ministry’s role in India

Mission Statement about Gender Responsive Budgeting

Ministries

Global experience, South East Asia

Assessing situation in India vis a vis GRB

National

Sub National



Local

Nepal

National, sub national and local

Scope for capacity building and sustainability(see 10 steps)

Log Frame

Management Plan

Contact Information

Organisation: JAM

Project Description

Problem Analysis

„The budget reflects the values of a country – who it values, whose work it values and who it

rewards…and who and what and whose work it doesn‟t‟. Gender Budgets are not separate

budgets for women or for men. The purpose is to monitor expenditure, public service deliveryand taxation from a gender perspective.

What are women’s priorities in allocating the Household Budget given a budget

constraint: Gender Budgeting at the micro or household level4- Routinely, when women

decide how to spend the household budget, however small or large it may be, they give the

highest priority to providing nutritious food for the family; health care for family members whoare ill; expenditure on education and skills for children; followed by expenditure on necessary

clothing, transport etc. Purchasing the essential quantities of food and other necessities requiresaccess to money or purchasing power. This in turn depends on earned income or borrowing orwealth.

Budget priorities at the Macro or National Level viewed through a Gender and Poverty

Sensitive Lens given a Budget Constraint: Women’s Priorities in Budget Allocation -Women constitute almost 50 per cent of the population and as equal citizens, women have a right

to stake a claim to their entitlements under all categories of public spending and not just token

women‟s programmes.

As described above, in any budget, however small, women give the highest priority to nutritious

food for the family. The objective is good health. Purchasing power is needed to buy food.Purchasing power depends primarily on availability of work or employment opportunities for the



able bodied and remuneration or wage or salary for work. Therefore if we determine budget

priorities at the macro or national level on the basis of micro household priorities in budgetallocation, or if we build macro budget priorities from a gender and poverty sensitive lens, then

national priorities must include:

> the eradication of hunger and poverty;> opportunities for “an adequate means of livelihood” through wor k for all those who are able

bodied;

> access to safe drinking water;

> access to quality and affordable health care;

> safety nets for the old who are poor and for the poor who are disabled;

> access to education and skills; and,

> correcting the statistical invisibility of the paid and unpaid work contributed by women that

contributes significantly to Gross Domestic Product.

Every government makes its own set of national plans, gender plans, gender policy statements,

a State Plan of Action on Gender etc but these often exist as shelf papers if no resources areallocated for their implementation. A budget can also be a shelf paper but an implemented

budget or revenue plan gets things going and impacts groups of people differently. The

challenge underlying access to the allocated funds for the target population it is meant for is

the criteria for selection and related requirements. Often, the blanket categorization of the

beneficiaries assumes that women will actively participate in the said funds. However, with

largely patriarchal systems and institutions in place, the women's portions are likely to be

peripheral. There is therefore need for clear and strict systems for monitoring disbursement of

funds and projects under these funds and also desegregate beneficiaries across gender, class,

geographical location and age.

There are notable efforts by Government to mainstream gender in all sectors through the

Ministry of Women Affairs, Gender and Community Development and the Ministry of Finance

has issued engendered budget call circulars since 2007. These efforts can be further augmented

if all ministries would be required to issue their gender performance statements together with

their annual budget performance statements.

It is equally important to take into consideration the given social structure of different societies

and hindrances to any given gender and making special attempts to address the gender

concerns. For example, the Government’s education policy may say that it promotes gender

equality and aims to provide equal opportunities in education to all upto secondary level.

However, the societal mindsets are such that girls are not enrolled in schools and they drop outat an early age due to reasons like having to take care of siblings, work at home, security, etc.

The Government then in order to ensure the expenditure it is making on providing primary

education to all reaches girls also, needs to take additional steps such as providing incentive for

girls enrollment and retention. Also at a later stage girls may drop out at secondary stage more

than boys due to restriction on their mobility, as secondary schools may not be within the

village. In such cases there needs to be special provisions made to have either separate girls

secondary schools with transport facilities or with hostels. All this requires additional budgets.



And without this the benefit of all the current expenditures would continue to reach only boys,

thereby increasing the gender inequality in the society rather than decreasing it. As budgets are

not unlimited, within the scare resources, there would be a need to reprioritize the current

allocations. This could be done by analysis of schemes which do not have the desired impact

upto the mark, thus revisiting policies and schemes. Understanding social structures becomes

more important, thereby making bottom up planning more desirable and effective.

Purpose

In Indian context, the concept of bringing in a gender perspective in budgeting has been gaining

ground since the publication of the report of the Committee on Status of Women in 1974. The

Eighth five year plan (1992-97) highlighted for the first time the need to ensure a definite flow

of funds from the general development sectors to women. In 2001, the National Institute of

Public Finance and Policy (NIPFP) took up a study on the status of women in India and their role

in economy provided input for the Economic Survey 2000-01, which for the first time

incorporated a section on gender inequality. The second report of NIPFP was submitted in

August 2001 and this made a post budget assessment of the Union Budget 2001-02 from a

gender perspective. The report gave a model for analyzing the Union Budget from a gender

perspective. In Ninth Five Year Plan (1997-02) introduced“women component plan” – 30%

allocation in all central & state budgets and the Tenth Plan (2002-07) and Eleventh Plan (2008-

13) reinforced commitments to Women Component Plan along with Gender Responsive

Budgeting (GRB).

One of the key objective of the project is to examine the reach of public delivery services and

state policy benefits after the adoption of gender concerns into the budgeting and

implementation levels. It is also important to assess the extent of interaction and integration

between different actors that play a role in GRB. Specific emphasis should be given to localgovernance institutions, like Panchayats and Village Development Councils in Indian case. This

will further aid in identifying the successful models and challenges emerging from different

localized settings and recognized best practices from them.

The assessment is also necessary to buildawareness about the potential impact that GRB has on

gender equality, social justice and human development and show how GRB could serve as a

tool in the promotion of women’s human rights and advocacy. The idea is to record testimonies

of different key stakeholders that have been leading GRB initiatives. It is also interesting to

examine the extent of women’s participation and assess the impact on women’s life on the

ground as a result of the approach, thereby demonstrating the active participation of masses at

community level and give a humane face to GRB.

However, for GRB to be meaningful, it must necessarily begin with purposive gender planning

for each scheme/sector – first by identifying the gender gaps in the sector and then delineating

prioritized actions points to address the gender gaps. Scrutinizing budgets and ensuring good

quantity and quality of budgetary spending should come in only after that. The Indian

experience to GRB has been opposite of this. Thus in order to press for a redrafting in India’s



approach to GRB, the project will seek to highlight some of these gender gaps in the vulnerable

sectors in terms of women issues.

RATIONALE

Gender responsive budgeting (GRB) is first and foremost a tool for increasing accountability and

accelerating the implementation of commitments to gender equality and human rights. GRB

can be used to enforce and monitor human rights. Budgetary allocations can change the way

human rights are considered and respected. In a review of the relationship between budgets

and human rights, Elson argues that“budget actors are mandated to situate people’s rights at

the core of their policies”. For example, education is critical to poverty alleviation and is a

fundamental human right. GRB will enable monitoring of the process to achieve these

fundamental human rights. Vargas-Valente (2002) also argues that gender responsive budgets

challenge the notion that governments should only be concerned about economic growth. They

also need to be concerned about citizens’ rights, including those of women; promote

democratic mechanisms that also respond to demands for democratic governance and state

reform from a citizen’s perspective; and enlarge the arenas for consulting civil society, which is

always affected by government decisions.

At An International Level The Doctrine Of Gender Justice Is Widely Accepted. In The Constitution of India

also, the equality of male and female genders is accepted. This equality means that no one shall be

discriminated against only the ground of being a female the UNO CHARTER, the UNO declaration of thehuman rights the International convention on Economics, social & cultural rights, The international

convention on civil political rights, all accepts this principle. Article 14 of constitution of India has

incorporated this principle and article 15 has also clearly prescribed that no person shall be

discriminated against by the state only on the ground of religion sex race caste place of birth, not only

that, but there is directive in the constitution to enact legislation in favor of women and children. It is

prescribed in the covenant that women has a right to participate in the public activities without any

discrimination. In sec 316 of code of criminal procedure, 1973 it is proposed to postpone the execution

of pregnant women till the birth of child she carrying.

Article 14 of constitution of India has accepted the right to equality. Therefore, all Human rightswere conferred by the constitution of India on every person and available to women also. In

order to achieve the object of Article 14, the Indian parliament has passed certain laws like Equal

Remuneration Act, Maternity Benefit Act, Etc. Women‟s are given certain concessions by the

constitution and certain other enactments have also been enacted in this regard.



In spite of constitutional provisions of equality, women‟s human rights are being violated every

were in India. The birth of female child is unwelcome event in traditional Indian system. Rightfrom the birth, there is discrimination in bring up of female child female are generally treated as

inferior citizen in India. Because of discrimination right from women‟s birth, Enactments and judicial pronouncement favor of women have failed to bring desired result. Only enactment &

judicial pronouncement ca not bring about change there must be social environment supportingto it. Female children are continued to be brought up in the same traditional manner, there are

very few chances of improvement in the condition of the women‟s human right.

It is a common experience of working women to be harassed at there work places. Sexual

harassment is a violation of human rights. Most of the cases of sexual harassment not reported to

the police. So far there in only one notable case under section 309 of IPC. The Punjab Police

Chief Mr. K.P.S. Gill Rupan deol Bajaj. Sexual harassment taken place to such an extent thatsome of the areas of Orissa, girls between 15-17 years are dedicated to temple“DEVDASIS” and

the are sexually exploited. In a metropolitan cities Delhi, Mumbai, Chennai etc. School &college- going girls are molested. It is for this reason that buses and trains specially meant forladies have been introduced in some of the cities like Mumbai, Kolkata, and Pune etc

Dowry death is common in some part of India. Every 7 minutes there is case of dowry death. In

spite of the dowry prohibition Act, 1961, the increase in dowry death has continued unabated.

In Apparel Export Promotion Council, V.K.Chopra (AIR 1999 SC 625) Supreme Courtfound all facts of gender equality including prevention of sexual harassment in the fundamentalrights guaranteed under our constitution. The court looked into the international documents-

Convention on Elimination of all forms of Discrimination against Women, Beijing Declaration

1995, and Covenant on Economic, Social, and Cultural Rights.

Project Focus: Objective of the Film

Objective of the Film

The idea of actualizing GRB through visual documentation in based on following objectives:



Knowledge management: To capture knowledge on GRB among relevant stakeholders;

to share catalytic experiences and recognize best practices; to disseminate testimonials

that can provide insights about effective GRB strategies and to identify challenges, to

show the impact on women’s life on the ground as a result of GRB approach, to

demonstrate that active participation at community level and participatory budgetprocess reinforce women human rights trough GRB.

Advocacy to action: To buildawareness about the potential impact that GRB has on

gender equality, social justice and human development; to show how GRB could serve

as a tool in the promotion of women’s human rights and advocacy. The idea is to record

testimonies of different key stakeholders that have been leading GRB initiatives and to

integrate some key messages..

Recognition of good practices:To visualize and recognize GRB good practices in the

South Asia region, concretely in India and Nepal

METHODOLOGY

Gender Budgeting in any area requires firstly, participatory assessment of the needs of women and men

and the extent to which they remain unmet; analysis of sex disaggregated data pertaining to the

relevant indicators; gender appraisal of legislation, policies, programmes and expenditure. Where

gender-based gaps exist these need to be identified and rectified. Second, the adequacy of the budget

allocated to each component of the programme needs to be checked. Subsequently, monitoring is

required to see that the money gets spent as intended, in both financial and physical terms. Through

impact assessment it is possible to determine improvements in gender equity in the initial situation

through the interventions that were made.

The United Nations Environment Programme lists out 10 steps for integrating gender into the

policy making process, which points out several important concerns that could be address

gender mainstreaming through the project. These are-

1. Mainstreaming approach and identifying the decision makers

Who are the stakeholders? Do they includeindividuals or groups with a

“genderperspective”?

Is there gender balance in all institutions and bodies involved?

Where is gender expertise available?

2. Mainstreaming agenda by identifying the issue What is the subject of your project or policy-making initiative?

Does this issue affect men and women in different ways?

3. Identify the Goal

What do we want to achieve?

Is the goal disaggregated by gender?



Does the goal include a broader commitment toimproving gender equality?

4. Data collection

what you know

what you don’t know

what projects or policy interventions have already happened what is currently happening

what other related interventions are planned

to be facilitated by a Mapping Exercise, Policy Review and legislative review from

a Gender Perspective

5. Refining the Issue

Specifying the problem

Determining necessary inputs from legislators, experts, civil society

6. Suggesting policy and project interventions from a gender viewpoint

7. Arguing the case for gender mainstreaming

Efficiency and Sustainability (the “macro”dimension)

Quality of Life (the “micro” dimension)

8. Selling gender mainstreaming

Develop a strategy to deal with resistance to the gender mainstreaming activities, both

at societal and structural level.

9. Monitoring impact by looking out for both overt and subtle gender sensitive issues

Levels of monitoring Gender- sensitive monitoring plans

Setting Gender sensitive targets and indicators

10. Evaluation

Evaluation of outputs (Have objectives been met?)

Evaluation of outcomes (To what extent has the development goal been achieved?)

Evaluation of process (How were outputs and outcomes delivered?)

When monitoring tuberculosis control programmes, is the data that is collected, disaggregated for men

and women? How many men and women are treated? How many men and women are reported tosuffer from TB? Is there a possibility that some women TB sufferers do not get treated because they do

not get tested? Is there fear of stigma or lack of mobility or difficulty in going to a doctor or primary

health care centre?

In the context of a programme such as the ICDS, Gender Budgeting would firstly require the

identification of the extent of Grade I, II, III and IV malnutrition among girls and boys. The data available

on the website of the concerned ministry shows that only half the children weighed in anganwadis were



of normal weight. While levels of malnourishment vary between States/UTs, Uttarakhand recorded a

shocking 95.64% of children as malnourished. Therefore it is not surprising that India is one of the four

countries with the highest prevalence of underweight in children under five. With 42% of the world’s

underweight children and 31% of its stunted children living in India according to IFPRI, 2010, this is now

a global concern.

However, juxtaposed against the reality of massive malnutrition, the statement is just words that cannot

get converted into action. Such pronouncements are made about a host of “inclusive” schemes with

similar results. The ICDS programme cannot deliver the outcomes required of it either for boys or for

girls, due to a host of reasons. These include the unsanitary conditions in and lack of regular cleaning of

public spaces in slums and jhuggi-jhopris (squatter settlements); poor and unsafe water; lack of funds

for basic equipment such as toys, weighing scales, charts, medical kits, mats, stationery, brooms, etc.,

which are inexpensive but important sources of support; overloading ICDS supervisors with overseeing

an unrealistically large number of anganwadis that are scattered in terms of geographical coverage

leading to poor monitoring; overloading of staff with non-ICDS tasks such as attendance at events

organised by political parties; poor supervision owing to non-ICDS-related demands on time; lack of

training, skills and motivation of workers and helpers; unrealistically low provision for rents of Rs 400 to

700 per month for an anganwadi centre; unrealistically low levels of honorarium for anganwadi workersand helpers; poor quality of supplementary nutrition provided; among other factors.5 It is therefore

hardly surprising the programme cannot make a dent in malnutrition.

Scope Of the Film

India

National

Sub National

Local

Nepal

National

Sub National

Local

Capacity Building

Sustainability Strategy

Time Frame



Log Frame

Work Plan and Timelines

Activities to be undertaken

Monitoring Plan

B Resource Plan

C Proposed Methodology and Creative Brief

Approach and Research

Possible interviews with From the perspective of duty bearers, two people from the

national government will be interviewed.

In addition to all testimonies and experiences mentioned above, the film should include

images to present key messages that will be included in the script, related to women human

rights, the impact that GRB has in the wellbeing of the society, and the role that women can

have as an engine of development.

Audio Visual Treatment

Budget

Key Points for GRB

Documents

Transcript of Key Points for GRB