Key Messages - 国立環境研究所2050.nies.go.jp/file/ten_actions_2013_leaflet.pdf · Mizuho...
Transcript of Key Messages - 国立環境研究所2050.nies.go.jp/file/ten_actions_2013_leaflet.pdf · Mizuho...
Low-Carbon Asia Research Project
http://2050.nies.go.jp
December 2013
Putrajaya
Cyberjaya
Malaysia
Iskandar Malaysia
Bhopal
Ahmedabad
India
Indonesia
Vietnam
Bangladesh
Cambodia
Kyoto
Shiga
Japan
China
Guan Zhou
Thailand
S. Korea
Dalian
Ratchaburi
Kyonggi-do
KhonKaen
Structure of Low-Carbon Asia Research Project*
Scenarios developed by Low-Carbon Asia Research Project with Malaysia scenarios developed by the Project on
Development of Low Carbon Scenarios for Asian Region**
Universities and Institutions participating in Low-Carbon Asia Research ProjectJapan: NationalInstituteforEnvironmentalStudies,KyotoUniversity,HiroshimaUniversity,
TokyoInstituteofTechnology,KansaiUniversity,WasedaUniversity,UnitedNationsUniversity-InstituteofAdvancedStudies,TheUniversityofTokyo,RitsumeikanUniversity,NagoyaUniversity,NihonUniversity,YokohamaNationalUniversity,ToyoUniversity,NanzanUniversity,TheInstituteofEnergyEconomicsJapan,InstituteforGlobalEnvironmentalStrategies,MizuhoInformationandResearchInstitute,E-KONZAL
China: BeijingNormalUniversity,EnergyResearchInstitute,FudanUniversityIndia: IndianInstituteofManagementAhmedabad,
IntegratedGeneralSystemsAnalysisLaboratories,NationalInstituteforTechnicalTeachers’TrainingandResearchBhopal,SchoolofPlanningandArchitectureBhopal
Indonesia:BogorAgriculturalUniversity,InstitutTeknologiBandongKorea: SeoulNationalUniversityPhilippines:DeLaSalleUniversityThailand:AsianInstituteofTechnology,KasetsartUniversity,KhonKaenUniversity,
KingMongkut’sUniversityofTechnology,PrinceofSongklaUniversity,ThammasatUniversity,UbonRatchathaniUniversity
U.S.A.: UniversityofCaliforniaVietnam:UniversityofTransportandCommunication,InstituteofStrategyandPolicyon
NaturalResourcesandEnvironment
Low-Carbon Asia Research ProjectNational Institute for Environmental Studies 16-2 Onogawa, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8506, Japan E-mail: [email protected]
* Low-CarbonAsiaResearchProjectissponsoredbytheEnvironmentResearchandTechnologyDevelopmentFund(S-6)oftheMinistryoftheEnvironment,Japan.
**ProjectonDevelopmentofLowCarbonScenariosforAsianRegionissponsoredbyScienceandTechnologyResearchPartnershipforSustainableDevelopment(SATREPS).
Key Messages
Achieving 2oC target is feasibleIfalltheactionsproposedhereareappliedappropriately,69%oftheemissionsintheReferencescenariocanbereducedinAsiain2050.Thisisinlinewithaglobalpathwaywiththe2oCtarget.
Early actions are neededWhateverpathwaysarefollowed,GHGemissionsshouldbereducedtozerointhelongruntokeeptheclimateatthecorrespondinglevel.Moretheactionsaredelayed,largerthereductionratesbecomeandhigherthestabilizationlevelwillbe.
GHGemissionsneedtobebelowzerotolowertemperature.Torealizenegativeemissionsisverytough.
Thereisadangerthatsocio-ecosystemwillnotberecoveredevenifGHGconcentrationsarereturnedtothelowerlevel.
Leapfrogging development in Asia leads to a Low Carbon SocietyTransitiontolowcarbonemissionsandlow-resourceconsumptionsocieties,whilesimultaneouslyimprovingtheeconomicstandardsoflivingisvitalforsustainabledevelopment.AsiahasmanyopportunitiestorealizeanLCSbyleapfrogging.
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©Jason Winter/Shutterstock
Printedonrecycledpaper.
Action 1 Hierarchically Connected Compact Cities: Urban Transport
・Compactcitieswithwell-connectedhierarchicalurbancenters・Aseamlessandhierarchicaltransportsystem・Lowcarbonvehicleswithefficientroad-trafficsystems
Action 2 Mainstreaming Rail and Water in Interregional Transport
・Formationofindustrialcorridorsusingalowcarbontransportsystem・Establishmentofanintermodaltransportsystemincorporatingrailandwater・ReductionofCO2emissionsfromvehiclesandaircraft
Action 3 Smart Ways to Use Materials that Realize the Full Potential of Resources
・Productionthatdramaticallyreducestheuseofresources・Useofproductsinwaysthatextendtheirlifespan・Developmentofsystemsforthereuseofresources
Action 4 Energy-Saving Spaces Utilizing Sunlight and Wind: Buildings
・Improvementoftheenergy-efficiencyperformanceofbuildings・Applicationofhigh-efficiencyequipmenttobuildingsincludingheating/coolingequipment・Visualizationofenergy-savingefforts
Action 5 Local Production and Local Consumption of Biomass
・Sustainableco-productionofbiomassenergyandfood・Lowcarbonenergysystemsusinglocalbiomassresourcesinruralareas・Improvementoflivingenvironmentswithintensivebiomassutilization
Action 6 Low Carbon Energy System Using Local Resources
・Promotionofsustainablelocalenergysystemswithrenewables・Creationofsmartenergysupplyanddemandsystems・Enhancedenergysecuritybyintegratinglowcarbonenergysourcesandfossilfuelseffectivelyintoanenergysystem
Action 7 Low Emission Agricultural Technologies
・Watermanagementinricepaddies・Highlyefficientfertilizerapplicationandresiduemanagement・Recoveryanduseofmethanegasfromlivestockmanure
Action 8 Sustainable Forestry Management
・Forestprotectionandeffectiveplantation・Sustainablepeatlandmanagement・Monitoringandmanagementofforestfires
Action 9 Technology and Finance for a Low Carbon Society
・Promoteprivate-sectorR&DforLCS・EstablishadequatefundingtosupportR&Dandtechnologydiffusion・Fosterenvironmentallyconsciousconsumerswhochooselowcarbonproducts
Action 10 Transparent and Fair Governance that Supports Low Carbon Asia
・Createanefficientadministrativemanagementframework・Establishfairandtransparentbusinesspractices・Improveliteracywithrespecttoenvironmentalpoliciesandtechnologies
Ten Actions toward Low Carbon Asia
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
GHG
emiss
ions
(GtC
O 2e/
year
)
Action 1: Urban TransportAction 2: Interregional TransportAction 3: Resources & MaterialsAction 4: BuildingsAction 5: Biomass
the world (Reference scenario)Asia (LCS scenario)
Action 6: Energy SystemAction 7: Agriculture & LivestockAction 8: Forestry & Land UseOther: CH4 and N2O emissions fromother than agriculture and livestock
the world (LCS scenario)
2005 2010 2015 2020 2025 2030 2035 2040 2045 2050
Reductions by
GHG Emissions in
Asia
Japan China
SEA&XEA
XSA&XOC
IndiaAction3 17%
Other 11%
Action413%
Action6 37%
Action710%
Action81.6%
Action12.2%
Action23.9%
Action54.7%
Action3
Action3
Action6
Action3
Action6
Action6 Action6
Action7
Action7
Action6
1)
2) 3)
Asia
Japan China
SEA&XEA
XSA&XOC
IndiaAction3 17%
Other 11%
Action413%
Action6 37%
Action710%
Action81.6%
Action12.2%
Action23.9%
Action54.7%
Action3
Action3
Action6
Action3
Action6
Action6 Action6
Action7
Action7
Action6
1)
2) 3)
1)Other:CH4andN2Oemissionsfromotherthanagricultureandlivestock
2)SEA&XEA:SoutheastAsia,Korea(DPR),Mongolia,RepublicofKorea,andTaiwan
3)XSA&XOC:Afghanistan,Bangladesh,Bhutan,Maldives,Nepal,Pakistan,SriLanka,andSmallIslandStatesinOceania
Thetotalisnotalways100%becauseofroundingerror.
68% of the emissions in the Reference scenario can be reduced in Asia in 2050
Contribution of Ten Actions to GHG Reduction in Asia
Ten Actions Leading to Low Carbon Asia in 2050Greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions from Asia accounted for approximately36% of global emissions in 2005. Considering the rapid economic growthexpectedinthecomingdecades,emissionsfromAsiain2050areprojectedtobedouble the2005 levels ifeffortsarenotmadetowardachievingLowCarbonSocieties(LCSs).
“RealizingLowCarbonAsia-ContributionofTenActions-”providesaguidelinetoplanandimplementthestrategiesforanLCSinAsia.Ittakesintoaccounttheinterrelationshipsbetweenindividualpoliciesandthesequenceinwhichthey should be implemented. It also discuss the necessary actions to betakenbygovernments,privatesector,citizens,andinternationalcooperationagenciesonaprioritybasis.
IfalltheActionsproposedhereareappliedappropriately,GHGemissionsinAsiacanbereducedby20gigatonsofCO2equivalent(GtCO2e),i.e.68%oftheemissionsintheReferencescenario,in2050.Theseincludeallthetenactionscovered in the report of the Low-CarbonAsia Research Project, and someotheractionsforCH4andN2Oemissionreductioninnon-agriculturesectors.
Actions 1 and 2, which focus on transportation, account for a combinedshare of 6.1% of the total reduction. The share of Action 3, which aims tolowercarbonemissionsintheusageofmaterials, is17%,whiletheshareofAction4,whichencouragesenergysavinginbuildings,is13%.TheshareofAction5,whichutilizesbiomass energy, is 4.7%and the shareofAction6,whichisrelatedtootherenergysupplysystems,is37%.ThesharesofActions7and8,dealingwithagricultureandforestry,arerespectively10%and1.6%.The remaining11%of the reduction is accounted forbymeasures that arenot listed inthis report.Actions9and10 indirectlycontributetoemissionsreductionbyfacilitatingimplementationofActions1-8.
It should be noted that the Actions presented in this report are not theonlypathwaytoachieveanLCS.TheimportantpointistousethisreporttoencouragediscussionsamongstakeholdersandtodevelopspecificactionsforeachcountryorregioninAsia.