Key Issue 2: Why Do Religions Have Different Distributions?
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Transcript of Key Issue 2: Why Do Religions Have Different Distributions?
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Key Issue 2:Key Issue 2:Why Do Religions Have Why Do Religions Have Different Distributions?Different Distributions?
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Origin of Universalizing Origin of Universalizing ReligionsReligions
Each can be traced to a man who lived since the start of recorded history◦Buddhism
- Christianity
- Islam
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Origin of ChristianityOrigin of Christianity
Jesus
The four Gospels of the Christian Bible◦Matthew◦Mark◦Luke ◦John
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Roman CatholicsRoman Catholics
Accept the teachings of the Bible as well as the authority of the Church hierarchy (the Pope)
7 sacraments: Baptism, Confirmation, Penance, Anointing the Sick, Matrimony, Holy Orders, and the Eucharist)
transubstantiation
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Eastern OrthodoxyEastern Orthodoxy
Split from the Roman Catholic ChurchPatriarch of ConstantinopleAccept the 7 Sacraments, but reject
doctrines added by the Roman Catholics after the 8th Century
St. Basil’s Cathedral, Moscow
Capernaum
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ProtestantismProtestantism
The ReformationMartin Luther’s 95 ThesesIndividuals directly communicate with
God…don’t have to go through a priest/Pope
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Origin of IslamOrigin of Islam
Origin: similar narrative to Judaism and Christianity; Adam – Abraham
Hagar and Ishmael◦Second wife and son◦Banished◦Makkah/Mecca
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MuhammadMuhammad
Born about A.D. 570The visionsArabic and the QuranThe HijraSunni and Shiite
Muslims
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Origin of BuddhismOrigin of Buddhism
Siddhartha Gautama◦Born a prince in 563 B.C. in present day Nepal◦The Buddha,
“the Enlightened One”◦Spread the message in India
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Origin of HinduismOrigin of Hinduism
No specific founderExisted prior to recorded historyInvasion of the Aryan tribes from Central
Asia into India (1400 B.C.)◦Religion mixed with the Dravidians (who
already lived there)◦This became Hinduism
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Diffusion of Religions
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Diffusion of ChristianityDiffusion of Christianity
Christianity diffused through all forms of diffusion:
1. Relocation Diffusion2. Contagious Diffusion3. Hierarchical in the 4th Century4. Since the year 1500, missionary activity by
Europeans extended Christianity to other regions of the world
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Diffusion of IslamDiffusion of Islam
Hierarchical diffusion: Muslim armiesRelocation: missionaries to sub-Saharan
Africa and Southeast Asia
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Lack of Diffusion of Ethnic Lack of Diffusion of Ethnic ReligionsReligions
Most have limited diffusionThey lack missionaries to go out and try to
convertMingling of Ethnic and Universalizing
Religions:◦Africa: in some places Christianity is mixed
with the traditional religion◦Japan: Buddhism is mixed with Shintoism
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Judaism: An ExceptionJudaism: An Exception
Judaism is practiced in many countriesDiasporaGhettosFollowing the Holocaust
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Holy PlacesHoly Places
Ethnic Religion’s holy places derive from the distinctive physical environment of their hearths
Universalizing Religions endow with holiness cities and places associated with their founders’ lives.
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Buddhist ShrinesBuddhist Shrines
Eight locations of important events in Buddha’s life◦Example: Bodh Gaya, where he reached
enlightenment
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Holy Places in IslamHoly Places in Islam
Holiest places: cities associated with Muhammad
1. Makkah: - the Ka’ba- The Hajj
2. Medina
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Holy Places in SikhismHoly Places in Sikhism
The Darbar Sahib, or Golden Temple
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Holy Places in HinduismHoly Places in Hinduism
Closely tied to the physical geography in India
Natural features rank as holy: river banks or coastlines
A tirthaThe Ganges
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Cosmogony in Ethnic ReligionsCosmogony in Ethnic Religions
Cosmogony: a set of religious beliefs concerning the origin of the universe
Yin (earth, darkness, female, etc.)Yang (heaven, light, male, etc.)
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The Calendar in Ethnic The Calendar in Ethnic ReligionsReligions
A prominent feature is the celebration of the seasons
The Jewish Calendar ◦agricultural◦Lunar calendar
The Solstice ◦Pagan religions◦Stonehenge
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The Calendar in Universalizing The Calendar in Universalizing ReligionsReligions
Holidays: commemorate events in the founder’s life
Climate and agricultural cycle are not central to the liturgy and rituals
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So………
Why do different religions have different distributions?