Kevin Yocum Digestive System 2
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Transcript of Kevin Yocum Digestive System 2
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Chapter 25
The Digestive System
Kevin Yocum
Fall 2013
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Objectives for 25.4
Describe the anatomy of the liver, gall
bladder, bile duct, and pancreas.
Describe the digestive secretions of
the liver, gall bladder, and pancreas.
Explain the hormonal regulation of theliver and pancreas.
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The Liver
Hepatic lobules Central vein
Hepatic sinusoids
Hepatic portal system
Bile duct Hepatic ducts
Cystic duct
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Fig. 25.19
Gross Anatomy of the Liver
Notes: From Saladin 6thEd.
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Notes: From Saladin 6thEd.
Fig. 25.20Microscopic
Anatomy of
the Liver
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The Gall Bladder
Stores and concentrates bile
Bile Bilirubin
Urobilinogen
Bile salts
Lecithin Aid in fat digestion/absorption
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The Pancreas
Pancreatic juice
Notes: From Saladin 6thEd.
Fig. 25.23
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Fig. 25.21
Gross Anatomy of GB and Pancreas
Notes: From Saladin 6thEd.
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Regulation of Secretion
Acetylcholine (ACh) Vagus and enteric nerves
Pancreatic acini
Cholecystokinin (CCK) Duodenal mucosa and proximal jejunum
Intestinal fats
Secretin Sodium bicarbonate
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Checkpoint Questions
The hepatic and cystic ducts converge
to form the _______.
The liver receives 70% of its blood from
the ______________.
_______ stimulates the liver andpancreatic ducts to secrete sodium
bicarbonate.
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Checkpoint Answers
The hepatic and cystic ducts converge
to form the bile duct.
The liver receives 70% of its blood from
the hepatic portal vein.
Secretinstimulates the liver andpancreatic ducts to secrete sodium
bicarbonate.
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Objectives for 25.5
Describe the complete anatomy of the
small intestine.
Differentiate between intestinal
mucosa and stomach mucosa.
Define contact digestion. Describe intestinal movements.
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Gross Anatomy of the SI
Duodenum
Duodenojejunal flexure
Jejunum
Ileum Peyer patches
Ileocecal junction
Notes: From Saladin 6thEd.
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Microanatomy of the SI
Circular folds
Villi
Enterocytes and goblet cells
Lacteal
Intestinal crypts and intestinal juice
Contact digestion Microvilli
Brush border enzymes
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Fig. 25.25
Notes: From Saladin 6thEd.
Intestinal
Villi
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Intestinal Motility
Segmentation
Peristalsis
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Checkpoint Answers
The second section of the small
intestine is called thejejunum.
Lipids are absorbed in the small
intestines due to the presence of
lacteals. Movement in which stationary ring-like
constrictions appear at several places
along the SI is called segmentation.
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Objectives for 25.7
Describe the anatomy of the large
intestine.
Contrast LI mucosa with SI mucosa. State the significance of intestinal
bacteria.
Discuss the types of colon
contractions.
Link neurology with defecation.
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Microanatomy of LI
Simple, columnar epithelium
Anal canal Non-keratinized stratified squamous
epithelium
No circular folds or villi
Crypts Deep
Many goblet cells
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Bacterial Flora and Gas
Bacterial flora 800 species of bacterial flora in LI
Digest cellulose, pectin, plant polysaccharides
Gas
Flatus 7-10 Liters, of which 500ml/day is expelled
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Absorption and Motility
12-24 hours from mouth to anus
Reabsorption of water and electrolytes
(ex: NaCl) 75% water
25% solids Fiber, fat, proteins, salts, mucus
Haustral contractions and mass
movements
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Defecation
Intrinsic reflex Myenteric nerve plexus
Parasympatheticreflex Spinal reflex
Notes: From Saladin 6thEd.
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Checkpoint Questions
The first section of the large intestine is
called the _____.
Expelling of gas from the large intestine
is known as ____.
The defecation reflex that operatesentirely from the myenteric nerve plexus
is the ___________________.
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Checkpoint Answers
The first section of the large intestine is
called the cecum.
Expelling of gas from the large intestine
is known as flatus.
The defecation reflex that operatesentirely from the myenteric nerve plexus
is the intrinsic defecation reflex.
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References
Saladin, Kenneth (2012). Anatomy and
Physiology, The Unity of Form and
Function, Sixth Ed. New York, NY:McGraw-Hill.