Ancient Rome Kevin Wheeler

Room 208 11/28/11

Athens It Was famous of all the city-states of ancient Greece. It

was birthplace of democracy and, at the same time, home to a lot of rulers of it’s government . Home to great problem solvers and the School of Athens. Home to the Festival, an annual dramatic showcase. Home to giant fleet, which helped defeat Persia. A war with Sparta led to the Peloponnesian War, which ended in a Spartan victory. Athens was home to the great philosopher Socrates. His student Plato founded his Academy near Athens, and Plato's student Aristotle founded his educational intitution nearby as well. Athens was also home to historians, scientists, mathematicians, and other great thinkers.

Athens

SpartaMost strong of all ancient Greek city-states.

Focus was constantly on war as an outgrowth of the city-state. Boys were expected to be soldiers; girls were expected to grow up and take care of the children who grew up to be soldiers. To make sure that the army got as many soldiers as it needed, Sparta depended on slaves and helots (people nearby who were forced to work) to do operated work .Of course, helots populated the army as well.

Sparta

Food They had food like bread, meat, fish, fruits, vegetables, and meals. The bread was white bread, biscuits, bread bran, cheap bread and rolls. The meat was goat, lamb, hare, sausage, snails, boar, and other animals. The fish was catfish, crab, eel, lobster, clams, trout, tuna and other fish. The fruits was apple, almonds, figs, grapes, pomegranates, and other fruits. The vegetables was asparagus, beans, beets, broccoli, lettuce, cabbages, and other vegetables. The meals was breakfast, they had a wheat bread biscuit; bread dipped in wine; bread flavored with a little cheese and dried fruits. The lunch was eggs, with bread and cheese or leftovers from yesterday. The dinner was wheat meal porridge.

Food

War and Weapons They had about 40 to 50 wars, here are a bunch of them here roman-Etruscan wars, First Samnite war (343-341 BC, Latin war (340-338 BC), Second Samnite war(326-304 BC), Third Samnite war (298-290 BC), Pyyrhic war (280-275 BC),First Punic war (264-241 BC) First Illyrian war (229-228 BC),Second Illyrian war(220-219 BC), Second Punic war(218-201 BC), and First Macedonian war(214-205 BC). The weapons were the chassis(helmet), Lorica Segmentata(armor) Gladius(sword) 18-24 in. long Pilium (medium-length throwing spear) Scutum (shield) Red Battle Cloak and Sandals.

War and Weapons

Government Their government (in its entire history from founding to fall) was a strange mix of a democracy and a republic. A interesting thing is that the people of Rome took many of their ideas of government from the Ancient Greeks. The Roman state was indicated as the republic (respublica) and its political office or chief magistrates, continued to be equipped even after the establishment of the one-man rule under the empire, but in its free form it lasted only until the beginning of the first century B.C. At the creation of the republic, supreme power probably was situated with a popular assembly, but early on the Senate became very forceful , and the traditional formula, which survived for centuries, was S.P.Q.R. - Senatus Populusque Romanus - the Roman Senate and People acting together. Since the Ancient Romans did not want one man to make all of the laws, they decided to balance the power of the government between three branches, there was first the executive branch, then the legislative branch, and finally the judicial branch.

Goverment

Roman NumeralsI=1, II=2, III=3, and they thought it was much to make other numbers. So the Romans

changed the symbol for 5-V. Placing I in front of the V, or placing any smaller letter in front of any larger number —creates subtraction. So IV means 4. After V comes a series of adding - VI means 6, VII means 7, VIII means 8.XX means 10. So when you put a smaller letter in the back of a larger letter it means addition Numbers in the teens, twenties and thirties follow the same way as the first bunch, so X means the tens. So XXXI is 31, and XXIV is 24.LL means 50. So subtraction of another number in front of it like LX= 40. And 60, 70, and 80 are LX, LXX and LXXX.CC stands for centum, the Latin word for 100.The subtraction for 90 is written as XC. Like the X's and L's, the C's are fasten on to the beginning of numbers to indicate how many hundreds it is : CCCLXIX is 369.DD stands for 500. So ac in front of it is CD means 400. So mixing all the letters together is CDXLVIII is 448. MM= 1,000. You see a lot of these because they’re used a lot to show dates. V Larger numbers were indicated by putting a horizontal line over them, which meant to multiply the number by 1,000. Move it to the left, now it means 5,000. This usage is no longer in process now, because the largest numbers usually shown in the Roman system as dates. So, that Roman Numerals.

Roman Numerals