Kentucky Small Gra in [ Variety Trials-1981

vc Finkncr Dt Van Sanford CR Tutt KM Tichenor a nd WH HO])I]15

Progress Report 257

Col~ 01 AIIOCvtI [WII Opuonwy Og W PflCI10 1Jd_~0I _ _ 11laquolt11 1lt1 Ct~ ~C ~ _ orIIO 01 c-tI 0111 10 nd Id~nd lI f~I IIIIC~OI out _a laquo co(J n~ 0lt0 bullbull QH)n ge ~lld IlondOClP rgt(III _d1compl_ w n VInd ~ VloJ- CN~R9 A01 1II5ltf rl~ 1( 01 [d A-oltlmbullbull sc SGlI) RII~oOn ACI _ 0 elt morr 1lt1 W eeIHl 10 EltI~III Olllorly OIlC COIrg 1)1 UIOCuI bullbull UIIIVflIr) 1) cly RCJCgtm Smiddot 105 AflC061U1II $lt_ 8111lt1g Nor Lglon (Cy 5lt1~

12SM- 1Hll

UN IVERSllY OF KENTUCKY COLLEGE OF AGRICUJl1JHE Agricultural Experlmenl Sta tion Depart ment of A~ronomy

Lexlngton

CONTENTS

ilge

Intreduct ion bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull 4 Experimental Methods 6 Data Collected _ 7 Results and Discussion 8

1981 Tes Conditions 8 1980 Tes Conditions 9 1979 Test Conditions 9

Small Grain Varieties (or 1982 bull 10 Soh Red Win ter Whea t Variet ies 10 Winter Barley Varieties 10 Winter O al Va rieties 11 Spring O at Varieties 11

Certified Seed 11 TA8LES

1 Small Gr3io Harvested Acreage and Yields in Kenlucky 1979middot98 4 2 Region location Preceding Crop and Planting Dates of Kentucky

Small Grain Trials 979-1981 bull 6 ) Characteristics of Wheat Varieties Tested in 198 bull 12 4 Wheat Performance Trials for Purchase Region 1979middot 981 4 S Wheat Performance Trials for Western Coa l Field Region 1979-1981 6 6 Wheat Performance Trials for Ohio Valley Region 979middot 981 18 7 Wheat Performance Trials for Bluegrass Region 979middot1981 20 8 Wheal Performance Trials for Southern Tier Region 1979--198 22 9 Wheat Performance Trials for North Central Region 1979middot198 bull 24

10 Characteristics of Barley and 0011 Varieties Tested in 19B1 25 1 Winter Barley Performance Trials for Western Coal Field Region

980--196 bull 27 12 Wimer Barley Performance Trials fot Bluegrass Region 1979-98 28 13 Winter BOIdey Performance Trials for Southern TIer Region 1979-981 29 1bull Winter Barley Performance Trials for Nonh Central Region 1979-1981 30 15 Winter Oal Performance Triab for Western Coal Field Region

1980middot1961 3 16 Winter Oat Performance Trials lor Bluegrass Region 1979middot981 33 17 Winter Oat Performance Trials for Southern Tier Region 979middot1981 34 18 Spring Oat Performance Trials for All Regions 979middot1981 35

I

Kentucky Small Grain Variety Trials 1981

V C Finkner D A Van Sanford C R TUCl K M Tichenor and W H Roberts

In 1981 KCnlucky produced more wheat than at any other time this ccntu ry A record 294 million bushels were produced easily eclipsing the record 199 million bushels produced in 1900 The average 1981 yield of 42 bua replaced the previous record of 40 bula sel in 1971 Barley acreage also increased for the third year in a row

Table 1- Small Grain Harvested Acreage and Vie lds in Kentucky 1979-1 981 bullbull

1) ymiddotldll~r~1 VI~1d H~rl r dd H4~1 c~ 81 Bu he~1 lSll52 SII

bull 0

bull bull1 bullbull

bull -o-tfnlw 10 981 ItfIr ~ Cltgtp ~nd llgt t1tOltio It ef~-f

Small grain performance lcsts ere conducted in six of the seven agroclimJliC regions of KcnlUcky (Fig 1) Agricultural areas withm each region He considNed 10 have oimilar soil types and clima tic conditions Each region hlVing J substantial acreage of a sma ll grain commodity will have d trial conducted in that region for that commodity

AdnQWledllmiddotmlmiddotnt i mJtho wllh~m GIIln Wllli~m H~nJrl~k Tom Amo~ Jntl Jack Sn~dcl county hltnlUn In lor Kri(uhur~ lor 1w~tJn(~ In IOlJ1ln8 Ugtl ~Hl bull nd lolletlln~ dJIJ

4

Figure 1 Agro- climatic regio ns of Ke ntucky sml ll grOlin a riefy trials

Rsion loc lion (001)ltmiddot 10 ClOP ~d

Purh~f Mvfdd M Pul PrlM nel L ~IIfln COolI held Pnumiddotlon

(~ndtonr 0(gt011

RlWlf(h amp [dunon Ccnle-fif1(rIOll

bullbull I(y W~I

OhiOVllry Hendrtgt(lfl 11 1 r Gooth hC~ 1

4 8hJ~1tI It)IIlon Kenllld (11shy1111hprtnon SII011

Bulq Vlntc 0 hNI Spflnl O~I~

S outhetn Tift Hop~IIk-

Pneelon Il_ gtOil)

1 II YOU RtgtflCh amp Edon Ctnlcr-Poeon

011lt hc~t Iqo nlmiddot O~n WhNt

Norrh C IIM flIIAJorhto Mr Allen IbUll h 8 bullbull 11Y WMt

The o bjective o f the KenlUcky small grain va riety trials is to eValu3te varieties of barley whea l and Oai S thaI are commercially available or may soon be avai lable to Kentucky farmers New varieties are Continually being developed by agricultura l experiment stations and commercial firms Annual evaluafion of small grain varielies and selections provides seedsmen farmers and other agricultural workmiddot CrS wilh current information to help them select the varieties best adapted to their locality and individual requiremen ts

Since weather soil and other environmental factors will alter varietal performance from o ne location to another tests are grown in six locations (Fig 1) in the stale Suggested varieties are revised each

5

year because o f the availabili ty o f new varieties improvements in production practices and continually changing di sease and insect hazards

EXPERIMENTAL METHODS

The ploa were planted with a specially built mu lt i-row cone seeder Each plol consisted o f four or six rows to form a plol 4 feel wide which was later trimmed to 10 fee t in length Each variety was grow n in four replica tions and the data presented are the average res ponse from the four replications o f 40square fee t harves ted wi th a small plot combine PllIl ting dates o f all tria ls fo r the past 3 years are listed in Tabl e 2

Table 2- Region Locatio n Preceding Crop and Planting Oates of Kentucky Small Crain Trials 1979-81

Resoon lOUlion Pcudon wop Plion Di1 shyc~ PUlch~ M1~d Sorbe~ ~l1 1()ll 10117

MmiY Soybem Vhe1 1012 81r~ Hm Wnll OilS 10112

~eltn COil O(elon l0I1e W 1016_ (SoInltlooo -01 nIrOiS w hel t 1016 10116

OhIO illey ~bo W~i 10ll 1016 ~ 8hJes_ 111gt111100 IIIrler lOY 1017- ~

-nl l Qilgt IOn ) 2optnll oIr ~ )

W i 10 IS SourhfO rlH liopki~~ C~ Slfif HV10 10111

hel 1010 10118 pn(Clon No~ ~h on 10 (lmellolll ~II I1n1tf O bullbulls 1011 H

hel 10116 10111 1017

NorrhCm~1 lhuLrchlown ((In D~rlfV 10115 101e 1020 Whe41 lOla 10116 1020

6

In some instances uncontroll able factor5-such as excessive rai nfall winter killing high winds hail grazing cattle etc-adversely affected an experiment 50 that the results were judged unreliable When this occurred results are not given (or that location and yea r Data averaged over a period of years gives a more accurate picture of varieta l performance than does an nual data

DATA COLLECTED

It is importan t to consider oth er charact er istics in add it ion to grain yield when seled ing a variety

Crain yie ld of mOSt plots was take n by CU ll ing all rows with a self-propelled combine The grain yields for barley and oats at l exington and barley at El izabethtown were ta ke n by CUlli ng each plot and th reshing gra in with a Vogel type stat ionary plot thresher The weights of each plol were reco rded in grams and conve n ed to bushels pe r ac re

Test weight or the weigh t o f a bushel of grain is a measure of Ine qua lity o f the gra in The higher the test weight the higher the qualit y Jnd marke t value un less the grai n has been down-graded because of another qual ity fact or

l odging was recorded as the percentage o f Ihe lota l pla nts lying on the ground or leaning at a 45-degree angle from the venkal when the grain was ma ture The term maturity as used in this report refe rs to the date the grai n was ready to be comb ine harvested

Plant height was recorded as the number of centimeters from the ground to rhe tip of the upright grain head and converted to inches

Surviva l was recorded as Ihe percentage of plants estimated to have survived the wi nter Th is is it measure of winte rhard iness and is an important factor to consider when selecting a variety

Heading d ate is report ed as the date when 50 o f the heads had e merged from the p lan ts in each plot This is also n measure of maturit y and is important when selecting a vltlr ie ty fo r use in a doubleshycropping system

Gra ms pe r Ihousand seeds is a measure of seed size and seed qua lity Planting rates can be adjusted by knowing seed size Poor qu ality grain is usually low in weighr per thousand seeds

Disease and insecl data ltIre reported as rela tive amoun ts that occurred on the varieties at the time the readings were made Disease and insect problems are often differe nt in different yea rs

7

RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

Since genetic expression of a varicty is greatly influenced by environmental conditions it is best 10 have several years data from which to draw conclusions Performance of a variclY tested for only one year should not be compared with il 3-year average of another variety since it is possible thaI results in one of the other years were extremely good or poor and thus nOl comparable

Theyield of a variety is relative and should be compared with the yields of the other varieties in the same experiment and at the same location Small differences in yield of only a few bushels per acre between two varieties from an individual lest should not be inshyterpreted to indicate the superiori ty of one variety over another However if one variety consislCnliy oU I-yields another over a period of several years the chances are Ihat the differences are real

Lodging dala are vry difficult to interpret A high-yielding variety should nOI npcessarily be down-graded because of a high percentage of lodging for a given year and at a given location Local weather conditions such as wind and rain may cause a variety to lodge much more than it normally does Variety trials normally have a grealer degree of lodging than do farmer fields I should al so be emphasized that a varielY reported to he 50 lodged does nOI imply that only 50X o f the grain could be harvested Wjth good equi pment almost all of the sra in can often be saved lodging data for a period o f ycars should receive more consideration than annual lodging da ta since they will give a morc accurate picture of varietal performance

1981 TEST CONDITIONS

Favorable weather prevailed durin g Ih e fall of 1980 1f1d seedi ng of the 1981 crop was completed by a near norma l date The winter was un usually mild and consequently little winterki ll was observed Early warming in Ihe spring hastened the mat urity of th e small gra in crops and heading dates considerabl y earlier than usual were record ed l ittle spring freeze damage occurred howee r Above average precipitation in June followed by periods of stro ng winds resulted in severe lodging in cenain areas of Ihe state The harvest dates of the 1981 crop were earlier Ihan usual and the harvest was completed without undue delay

8

Heavy infestation of the head scab fungus and Seporia glume blotch were responsible for lower teSI weights and overall reduction in lteed quality Powdery mildew was in evidence as were Ian spot and loose smut litlle yield loss was attributed 10 these diseases

1980 TEST CONDITIONS

The 1980 crop was seeded at near normal limes and conditions in the fall of 1979 The winter season was also near normal with very lillie willler killing Unseasonably warm temperatures did occur forseveral days in January and February but the sma ll grain plan ts maintained their winler-hardened conditio n and survived subsequent cold weathe r Heading dates were earl ier than normal bUI spring freeze damage did not occur Cooler than normal temperatures in May and June helped to alleviate below normal precipita tion Harvest was accomplished without unusual weather related delays

Head scab disease caused considerable damage to lale heading whea t Scab was most severe in wheat planted in no-till corn fields where the above-ground corn residue served as a scab source Barley yellow dwarf wheat leaf rUSt wheat spindle streak mosaic virus wheat mildew and barley sca ld were observed but caused minimal yield losses Again Ihilt year the cereal leaf beetle continued 10 expand 115

terri lory bUI caused little yield loss

1979 TEST CONDITIONS

In COlllraSI to the 1977 fall seeding weather Ihe 1978 fall seeding weath(( was near ideal The first half of October was wet but the Imer half of October and the first half of November were molttly wdrm and dry allowing good development of the small grams The second half of November Wil5 cooler and wetter than normal December had mild lCmperatures with above normal precipitation causing floods Only a trace of snow occurred in December January was coldCr and weller than normal averaging almosl9 d(grE~s below normal making it Ihe fjfth coldes JanuMY on record February was also cold(r and w(lIcr than norma with temperatures about 8 degrees below normal lnd one inch plus of precipitation above normal December Through rebruary was the seventh coldest winler on record

9

March was about 6 degrees above normal with three i nches below normal precipitation Cool wet conditions prevailed through April and May causing the spring of 1979 to be the la test on record Precipitation and temperature averaged above normal for the month of June The greater than normal winter rainfall kepI soi ls in a high moisture condilion and resu lted in more plan heaving damage than usual This was true for all small grains bu t was especially severe in barley The plant heaving and lolder than normal winter tempera shytures resulted in severe winter killi ng of barley and oats in some areas of the state Winter killing of whea t was only slight (less than SX) bu t the weI spring caused some 10cl ized water damage areas Many wheat diseases occurreU bUI wheat spindle Slreak mosaic virus was the most severe infection recorded since 1974 Scab on wheal and barley was frequent ly observed in many f ields

The prevalence of the ccrcilllcltlf beetle conti nued to increasc M ost plan ts in the spring oat test Jt lexi ngton had their flag leaves destroyed by bectle feedi ng

SMA LL C RAIN VARIETIES FOR 1982

Varie ties eligible for ccrtification include (1 ) varieties tha t may have potential fo r Kentucky and (2) older va rieti es that arc st i ll acceptable for production in Kentucky The characteristics of the small grain varieties arc summarized in Tables 3 and 10

SOFT RED WINTER WHEAT VARtETI ES

Kentuckys climate and soils are well sui ted fo r he production of high quality soft red winter wheal No sing le variety has all the desirable characteristics but elch has ce rt ain advantages Yielding ability straw strength height carli ness grain qlJJl il y and di ~ (ase resistance are important in choosi ng a variety Varietal performance is presented in Tables 4-9 Arthur and Abe are the twO most widely grown varieties though the acreage pla nted 10 Hart increased

WINTER HARLEY VARIETIES

Winter barleys are less wintcrhardy than winle r wheal bu t more hardy Ihan wintel oa ls The degree of winterhardincss Straw strength and maturity are important characterist ics when choosing a variety Varietal performance dala are presented in Tables 1-1 4 Varie ties now commonly grown are Barsoy and Volbar

10

WI NTER O AT VARI ETIES

Winter oals are the least win terhardy of the winter grains Early seeding good fertilization practices and planting on weUmiddotdrained soils are recommended 10 minimize winter killing Winter oats are also excellent for grazing and silage Performance of the winter oat varielies is presented in Tables 15-17 Varieties now commonly grown are Compact Norline and Walken The variety KenoaL formerly tested as KY 67-695 was released by the University of Kentucky in 1981

SPRING OAT VAR IETI ES

The on ly small grain suitable for spring seeding by fa rmers in Kentucky is spring oats Spring oats are used mainly for hay or silage and as a companion crop fo r grasses and legumes Grain and forage yields o f spring oats are lower than those of the winter oal varieties when yields of wi nter oats are nol severely reduced f rom win ter killing or disease Two spring oat varieties (O tee and Jaycee) are common ly grown because of their higher level of resistance to Barley Yellow Dwarf Virus (oat red leaf) Performance data are li sted in Table 18

CERTIFI ED SEED

Planting certified seed is one of Ihe first steps in ensuring a good small grain crop The extra cost of cert ified seed is justified in view of the high quality of seed obtained Certified seed is seed wh ich has been grown in such a way as to ensure the genelic identi ty and purity of a variety Certif ied seed also helps to main tain freedom from weed and OIher crop seed and in some cases frecdom from disease The Kentucky Agri cultural Exper iment Station recommends thai Ken tucky-certified seed be used whenever possible for growing commercial crops of small grains

11

I

Kentucky Small Grain Variety Trials 1981

V C Finkner D A Van Sanford C R TUCl K M Tichenor and W H Roberts

In 1981 KCnlucky produced more wheat than at any other time this ccntu ry A record 294 million bushels were produced easily eclipsing the record 199 million bushels produced in 1900 The average 1981 yield of 42 bua replaced the previous record of 40 bula sel in 1971 Barley acreage also increased for the third year in a row

Table 1- Small Grain Harvested Acreage and Vie lds in Kentucky 1979-1 981 bullbull

1) ymiddotldll~r~1 VI~1d H~rl r dd H4~1 c~ 81 Bu he~1 lSll52 SII

bull 0

bull bull1 bullbull

bull -o-tfnlw 10 981 ItfIr ~ Cltgtp ~nd llgt t1tOltio It ef~-f

Small grain performance lcsts ere conducted in six of the seven agroclimJliC regions of KcnlUcky (Fig 1) Agricultural areas withm each region He considNed 10 have oimilar soil types and clima tic conditions Each region hlVing J substantial acreage of a sma ll grain commodity will have d trial conducted in that region for that commodity

AdnQWledllmiddotmlmiddotnt i mJtho wllh~m GIIln Wllli~m H~nJrl~k Tom Amo~ Jntl Jack Sn~dcl county hltnlUn In lor Kri(uhur~ lor 1w~tJn(~ In IOlJ1ln8 Ugtl ~Hl bull nd lolletlln~ dJIJ

4

Figure 1 Agro- climatic regio ns of Ke ntucky sml ll grOlin a riefy trials

Rsion loc lion (001)ltmiddot 10 ClOP ~d

Purh~f Mvfdd M Pul PrlM nel L ~IIfln COolI held Pnumiddotlon

(~ndtonr 0(gt011

RlWlf(h amp [dunon Ccnle-fif1(rIOll

bullbull I(y W~I

OhiOVllry Hendrtgt(lfl 11 1 r Gooth hC~ 1

4 8hJ~1tI It)IIlon Kenllld (11shy1111hprtnon SII011

Bulq Vlntc 0 hNI Spflnl O~I~

S outhetn Tift Hop~IIk-

Pneelon Il_ gtOil)

1 II YOU RtgtflCh amp Edon Ctnlcr-Poeon

011lt hc~t Iqo nlmiddot O~n WhNt

Norrh C IIM flIIAJorhto Mr Allen IbUll h 8 bullbull 11Y WMt

The o bjective o f the KenlUcky small grain va riety trials is to eValu3te varieties of barley whea l and Oai S thaI are commercially available or may soon be avai lable to Kentucky farmers New varieties are Continually being developed by agricultura l experiment stations and commercial firms Annual evaluafion of small grain varielies and selections provides seedsmen farmers and other agricultural workmiddot CrS wilh current information to help them select the varieties best adapted to their locality and individual requiremen ts

Since weather soil and other environmental factors will alter varietal performance from o ne location to another tests are grown in six locations (Fig 1) in the stale Suggested varieties are revised each

5

year because o f the availabili ty o f new varieties improvements in production practices and continually changing di sease and insect hazards

EXPERIMENTAL METHODS

The ploa were planted with a specially built mu lt i-row cone seeder Each plol consisted o f four or six rows to form a plol 4 feel wide which was later trimmed to 10 fee t in length Each variety was grow n in four replica tions and the data presented are the average res ponse from the four replications o f 40square fee t harves ted wi th a small plot combine PllIl ting dates o f all tria ls fo r the past 3 years are listed in Tabl e 2

Table 2- Region Locatio n Preceding Crop and Planting Oates of Kentucky Small Crain Trials 1979-81

Resoon lOUlion Pcudon wop Plion Di1 shyc~ PUlch~ M1~d Sorbe~ ~l1 1()ll 10117

MmiY Soybem Vhe1 1012 81r~ Hm Wnll OilS 10112

~eltn COil O(elon l0I1e W 1016_ (SoInltlooo -01 nIrOiS w hel t 1016 10116

OhIO illey ~bo W~i 10ll 1016 ~ 8hJes_ 111gt111100 IIIrler lOY 1017- ~

-nl l Qilgt IOn ) 2optnll oIr ~ )

W i 10 IS SourhfO rlH liopki~~ C~ Slfif HV10 10111

hel 1010 10118 pn(Clon No~ ~h on 10 (lmellolll ~II I1n1tf O bullbulls 1011 H

hel 10116 10111 1017

NorrhCm~1 lhuLrchlown ((In D~rlfV 10115 101e 1020 Whe41 lOla 10116 1020

6

In some instances uncontroll able factor5-such as excessive rai nfall winter killing high winds hail grazing cattle etc-adversely affected an experiment 50 that the results were judged unreliable When this occurred results are not given (or that location and yea r Data averaged over a period of years gives a more accurate picture of varieta l performance than does an nual data

DATA COLLECTED

It is importan t to consider oth er charact er istics in add it ion to grain yield when seled ing a variety

Crain yie ld of mOSt plots was take n by CU ll ing all rows with a self-propelled combine The grain yields for barley and oats at l exington and barley at El izabethtown were ta ke n by CUlli ng each plot and th reshing gra in with a Vogel type stat ionary plot thresher The weights of each plol were reco rded in grams and conve n ed to bushels pe r ac re

Test weight or the weigh t o f a bushel of grain is a measure of Ine qua lity o f the gra in The higher the test weight the higher the qualit y Jnd marke t value un less the grai n has been down-graded because of another qual ity fact or

l odging was recorded as the percentage o f Ihe lota l pla nts lying on the ground or leaning at a 45-degree angle from the venkal when the grain was ma ture The term maturity as used in this report refe rs to the date the grai n was ready to be comb ine harvested

Plant height was recorded as the number of centimeters from the ground to rhe tip of the upright grain head and converted to inches

Surviva l was recorded as Ihe percentage of plants estimated to have survived the wi nter Th is is it measure of winte rhard iness and is an important factor to consider when selecting a variety

Heading d ate is report ed as the date when 50 o f the heads had e merged from the p lan ts in each plot This is also n measure of maturit y and is important when selecting a vltlr ie ty fo r use in a doubleshycropping system

Gra ms pe r Ihousand seeds is a measure of seed size and seed qua lity Planting rates can be adjusted by knowing seed size Poor qu ality grain is usually low in weighr per thousand seeds

Disease and insecl data ltIre reported as rela tive amoun ts that occurred on the varieties at the time the readings were made Disease and insect problems are often differe nt in different yea rs

7

RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

Since genetic expression of a varicty is greatly influenced by environmental conditions it is best 10 have several years data from which to draw conclusions Performance of a variclY tested for only one year should not be compared with il 3-year average of another variety since it is possible thaI results in one of the other years were extremely good or poor and thus nOl comparable

Theyield of a variety is relative and should be compared with the yields of the other varieties in the same experiment and at the same location Small differences in yield of only a few bushels per acre between two varieties from an individual lest should not be inshyterpreted to indicate the superiori ty of one variety over another However if one variety consislCnliy oU I-yields another over a period of several years the chances are Ihat the differences are real

Lodging dala are vry difficult to interpret A high-yielding variety should nOI npcessarily be down-graded because of a high percentage of lodging for a given year and at a given location Local weather conditions such as wind and rain may cause a variety to lodge much more than it normally does Variety trials normally have a grealer degree of lodging than do farmer fields I should al so be emphasized that a varielY reported to he 50 lodged does nOI imply that only 50X o f the grain could be harvested Wjth good equi pment almost all of the sra in can often be saved lodging data for a period o f ycars should receive more consideration than annual lodging da ta since they will give a morc accurate picture of varietal performance

1981 TEST CONDITIONS

Favorable weather prevailed durin g Ih e fall of 1980 1f1d seedi ng of the 1981 crop was completed by a near norma l date The winter was un usually mild and consequently little winterki ll was observed Early warming in Ihe spring hastened the mat urity of th e small gra in crops and heading dates considerabl y earlier than usual were record ed l ittle spring freeze damage occurred howee r Above average precipitation in June followed by periods of stro ng winds resulted in severe lodging in cenain areas of Ihe state The harvest dates of the 1981 crop were earlier Ihan usual and the harvest was completed without undue delay

8

Heavy infestation of the head scab fungus and Seporia glume blotch were responsible for lower teSI weights and overall reduction in lteed quality Powdery mildew was in evidence as were Ian spot and loose smut litlle yield loss was attributed 10 these diseases

1980 TEST CONDITIONS

The 1980 crop was seeded at near normal limes and conditions in the fall of 1979 The winter season was also near normal with very lillie willler killing Unseasonably warm temperatures did occur forseveral days in January and February but the sma ll grain plan ts maintained their winler-hardened conditio n and survived subsequent cold weathe r Heading dates were earl ier than normal bUI spring freeze damage did not occur Cooler than normal temperatures in May and June helped to alleviate below normal precipita tion Harvest was accomplished without unusual weather related delays

Head scab disease caused considerable damage to lale heading whea t Scab was most severe in wheat planted in no-till corn fields where the above-ground corn residue served as a scab source Barley yellow dwarf wheat leaf rUSt wheat spindle streak mosaic virus wheat mildew and barley sca ld were observed but caused minimal yield losses Again Ihilt year the cereal leaf beetle continued 10 expand 115

terri lory bUI caused little yield loss

1979 TEST CONDITIONS

In COlllraSI to the 1977 fall seeding weather Ihe 1978 fall seeding weath(( was near ideal The first half of October was wet but the Imer half of October and the first half of November were molttly wdrm and dry allowing good development of the small grams The second half of November Wil5 cooler and wetter than normal December had mild lCmperatures with above normal precipitation causing floods Only a trace of snow occurred in December January was coldCr and weller than normal averaging almosl9 d(grE~s below normal making it Ihe fjfth coldes JanuMY on record February was also cold(r and w(lIcr than norma with temperatures about 8 degrees below normal lnd one inch plus of precipitation above normal December Through rebruary was the seventh coldest winler on record

9

March was about 6 degrees above normal with three i nches below normal precipitation Cool wet conditions prevailed through April and May causing the spring of 1979 to be the la test on record Precipitation and temperature averaged above normal for the month of June The greater than normal winter rainfall kepI soi ls in a high moisture condilion and resu lted in more plan heaving damage than usual This was true for all small grains bu t was especially severe in barley The plant heaving and lolder than normal winter tempera shytures resulted in severe winter killi ng of barley and oats in some areas of the state Winter killing of whea t was only slight (less than SX) bu t the weI spring caused some 10cl ized water damage areas Many wheat diseases occurreU bUI wheat spindle Slreak mosaic virus was the most severe infection recorded since 1974 Scab on wheal and barley was frequent ly observed in many f ields

The prevalence of the ccrcilllcltlf beetle conti nued to increasc M ost plan ts in the spring oat test Jt lexi ngton had their flag leaves destroyed by bectle feedi ng

SMA LL C RAIN VARIETIES FOR 1982

Varie ties eligible for ccrtification include (1 ) varieties tha t may have potential fo r Kentucky and (2) older va rieti es that arc st i ll acceptable for production in Kentucky The characteristics of the small grain varieties arc summarized in Tables 3 and 10

SOFT RED WINTER WHEAT VARtETI ES

Kentuckys climate and soils are well sui ted fo r he production of high quality soft red winter wheal No sing le variety has all the desirable characteristics but elch has ce rt ain advantages Yielding ability straw strength height carli ness grain qlJJl il y and di ~ (ase resistance are important in choosi ng a variety Varietal performance is presented in Tables 4-9 Arthur and Abe are the twO most widely grown varieties though the acreage pla nted 10 Hart increased

WINTER HARLEY VARIETIES

Winter barleys are less wintcrhardy than winle r wheal bu t more hardy Ihan wintel oa ls The degree of winterhardincss Straw strength and maturity are important characterist ics when choosing a variety Varietal performance dala are presented in Tables 1-1 4 Varie ties now commonly grown are Barsoy and Volbar

10

WI NTER O AT VARI ETIES

Winter oals are the least win terhardy of the winter grains Early seeding good fertilization practices and planting on weUmiddotdrained soils are recommended 10 minimize winter killing Winter oats are also excellent for grazing and silage Performance of the winter oat varielies is presented in Tables 15-17 Varieties now commonly grown are Compact Norline and Walken The variety KenoaL formerly tested as KY 67-695 was released by the University of Kentucky in 1981

SPRING OAT VAR IETI ES

The on ly small grain suitable for spring seeding by fa rmers in Kentucky is spring oats Spring oats are used mainly for hay or silage and as a companion crop fo r grasses and legumes Grain and forage yields o f spring oats are lower than those of the winter oal varieties when yields of wi nter oats are nol severely reduced f rom win ter killing or disease Two spring oat varieties (O tee and Jaycee) are common ly grown because of their higher level of resistance to Barley Yellow Dwarf Virus (oat red leaf) Performance data are li sted in Table 18

CERTIFI ED SEED

Planting certified seed is one of Ihe first steps in ensuring a good small grain crop The extra cost of cert ified seed is justified in view of the high quality of seed obtained Certified seed is seed wh ich has been grown in such a way as to ensure the genelic identi ty and purity of a variety Certif ied seed also helps to main tain freedom from weed and OIher crop seed and in some cases frecdom from disease The Kentucky Agri cultural Exper iment Station recommends thai Ken tucky-certified seed be used whenever possible for growing commercial crops of small grains

11

year because o f the availabili ty o f new varieties improvements in production practices and continually changing di sease and insect hazards

EXPERIMENTAL METHODS

The ploa were planted with a specially built mu lt i-row cone seeder Each plol consisted o f four or six rows to form a plol 4 feel wide which was later trimmed to 10 fee t in length Each variety was grow n in four replica tions and the data presented are the average res ponse from the four replications o f 40square fee t harves ted wi th a small plot combine PllIl ting dates o f all tria ls fo r the past 3 years are listed in Tabl e 2

Table 2- Region Locatio n Preceding Crop and Planting Oates of Kentucky Small Crain Trials 1979-81

Resoon lOUlion Pcudon wop Plion Di1 shyc~ PUlch~ M1~d Sorbe~ ~l1 1()ll 10117

MmiY Soybem Vhe1 1012 81r~ Hm Wnll OilS 10112

~eltn COil O(elon l0I1e W 1016_ (SoInltlooo -01 nIrOiS w hel t 1016 10116

OhIO illey ~bo W~i 10ll 1016 ~ 8hJes_ 111gt111100 IIIrler lOY 1017- ~

-nl l Qilgt IOn ) 2optnll oIr ~ )

W i 10 IS SourhfO rlH liopki~~ C~ Slfif HV10 10111

hel 1010 10118 pn(Clon No~ ~h on 10 (lmellolll ~II I1n1tf O bullbulls 1011 H

hel 10116 10111 1017

NorrhCm~1 lhuLrchlown ((In D~rlfV 10115 101e 1020 Whe41 lOla 10116 1020

6

In some instances uncontroll able factor5-such as excessive rai nfall winter killing high winds hail grazing cattle etc-adversely affected an experiment 50 that the results were judged unreliable When this occurred results are not given (or that location and yea r Data averaged over a period of years gives a more accurate picture of varieta l performance than does an nual data

DATA COLLECTED

It is importan t to consider oth er charact er istics in add it ion to grain yield when seled ing a variety

Crain yie ld of mOSt plots was take n by CU ll ing all rows with a self-propelled combine The grain yields for barley and oats at l exington and barley at El izabethtown were ta ke n by CUlli ng each plot and th reshing gra in with a Vogel type stat ionary plot thresher The weights of each plol were reco rded in grams and conve n ed to bushels pe r ac re

Test weight or the weigh t o f a bushel of grain is a measure of Ine qua lity o f the gra in The higher the test weight the higher the qualit y Jnd marke t value un less the grai n has been down-graded because of another qual ity fact or

l odging was recorded as the percentage o f Ihe lota l pla nts lying on the ground or leaning at a 45-degree angle from the venkal when the grain was ma ture The term maturity as used in this report refe rs to the date the grai n was ready to be comb ine harvested

Plant height was recorded as the number of centimeters from the ground to rhe tip of the upright grain head and converted to inches

Surviva l was recorded as Ihe percentage of plants estimated to have survived the wi nter Th is is it measure of winte rhard iness and is an important factor to consider when selecting a variety

Heading d ate is report ed as the date when 50 o f the heads had e merged from the p lan ts in each plot This is also n measure of maturit y and is important when selecting a vltlr ie ty fo r use in a doubleshycropping system

Gra ms pe r Ihousand seeds is a measure of seed size and seed qua lity Planting rates can be adjusted by knowing seed size Poor qu ality grain is usually low in weighr per thousand seeds

Disease and insecl data ltIre reported as rela tive amoun ts that occurred on the varieties at the time the readings were made Disease and insect problems are often differe nt in different yea rs

7

RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

Since genetic expression of a varicty is greatly influenced by environmental conditions it is best 10 have several years data from which to draw conclusions Performance of a variclY tested for only one year should not be compared with il 3-year average of another variety since it is possible thaI results in one of the other years were extremely good or poor and thus nOl comparable

Theyield of a variety is relative and should be compared with the yields of the other varieties in the same experiment and at the same location Small differences in yield of only a few bushels per acre between two varieties from an individual lest should not be inshyterpreted to indicate the superiori ty of one variety over another However if one variety consislCnliy oU I-yields another over a period of several years the chances are Ihat the differences are real

Lodging dala are vry difficult to interpret A high-yielding variety should nOI npcessarily be down-graded because of a high percentage of lodging for a given year and at a given location Local weather conditions such as wind and rain may cause a variety to lodge much more than it normally does Variety trials normally have a grealer degree of lodging than do farmer fields I should al so be emphasized that a varielY reported to he 50 lodged does nOI imply that only 50X o f the grain could be harvested Wjth good equi pment almost all of the sra in can often be saved lodging data for a period o f ycars should receive more consideration than annual lodging da ta since they will give a morc accurate picture of varietal performance

1981 TEST CONDITIONS

Favorable weather prevailed durin g Ih e fall of 1980 1f1d seedi ng of the 1981 crop was completed by a near norma l date The winter was un usually mild and consequently little winterki ll was observed Early warming in Ihe spring hastened the mat urity of th e small gra in crops and heading dates considerabl y earlier than usual were record ed l ittle spring freeze damage occurred howee r Above average precipitation in June followed by periods of stro ng winds resulted in severe lodging in cenain areas of Ihe state The harvest dates of the 1981 crop were earlier Ihan usual and the harvest was completed without undue delay

8

Heavy infestation of the head scab fungus and Seporia glume blotch were responsible for lower teSI weights and overall reduction in lteed quality Powdery mildew was in evidence as were Ian spot and loose smut litlle yield loss was attributed 10 these diseases

1980 TEST CONDITIONS

The 1980 crop was seeded at near normal limes and conditions in the fall of 1979 The winter season was also near normal with very lillie willler killing Unseasonably warm temperatures did occur forseveral days in January and February but the sma ll grain plan ts maintained their winler-hardened conditio n and survived subsequent cold weathe r Heading dates were earl ier than normal bUI spring freeze damage did not occur Cooler than normal temperatures in May and June helped to alleviate below normal precipita tion Harvest was accomplished without unusual weather related delays

Head scab disease caused considerable damage to lale heading whea t Scab was most severe in wheat planted in no-till corn fields where the above-ground corn residue served as a scab source Barley yellow dwarf wheat leaf rUSt wheat spindle streak mosaic virus wheat mildew and barley sca ld were observed but caused minimal yield losses Again Ihilt year the cereal leaf beetle continued 10 expand 115

terri lory bUI caused little yield loss

1979 TEST CONDITIONS

In COlllraSI to the 1977 fall seeding weather Ihe 1978 fall seeding weath(( was near ideal The first half of October was wet but the Imer half of October and the first half of November were molttly wdrm and dry allowing good development of the small grams The second half of November Wil5 cooler and wetter than normal December had mild lCmperatures with above normal precipitation causing floods Only a trace of snow occurred in December January was coldCr and weller than normal averaging almosl9 d(grE~s below normal making it Ihe fjfth coldes JanuMY on record February was also cold(r and w(lIcr than norma with temperatures about 8 degrees below normal lnd one inch plus of precipitation above normal December Through rebruary was the seventh coldest winler on record

9

March was about 6 degrees above normal with three i nches below normal precipitation Cool wet conditions prevailed through April and May causing the spring of 1979 to be the la test on record Precipitation and temperature averaged above normal for the month of June The greater than normal winter rainfall kepI soi ls in a high moisture condilion and resu lted in more plan heaving damage than usual This was true for all small grains bu t was especially severe in barley The plant heaving and lolder than normal winter tempera shytures resulted in severe winter killi ng of barley and oats in some areas of the state Winter killing of whea t was only slight (less than SX) bu t the weI spring caused some 10cl ized water damage areas Many wheat diseases occurreU bUI wheat spindle Slreak mosaic virus was the most severe infection recorded since 1974 Scab on wheal and barley was frequent ly observed in many f ields

The prevalence of the ccrcilllcltlf beetle conti nued to increasc M ost plan ts in the spring oat test Jt lexi ngton had their flag leaves destroyed by bectle feedi ng

SMA LL C RAIN VARIETIES FOR 1982

Varie ties eligible for ccrtification include (1 ) varieties tha t may have potential fo r Kentucky and (2) older va rieti es that arc st i ll acceptable for production in Kentucky The characteristics of the small grain varieties arc summarized in Tables 3 and 10

SOFT RED WINTER WHEAT VARtETI ES

Kentuckys climate and soils are well sui ted fo r he production of high quality soft red winter wheal No sing le variety has all the desirable characteristics but elch has ce rt ain advantages Yielding ability straw strength height carli ness grain qlJJl il y and di ~ (ase resistance are important in choosi ng a variety Varietal performance is presented in Tables 4-9 Arthur and Abe are the twO most widely grown varieties though the acreage pla nted 10 Hart increased

WINTER HARLEY VARIETIES

Winter barleys are less wintcrhardy than winle r wheal bu t more hardy Ihan wintel oa ls The degree of winterhardincss Straw strength and maturity are important characterist ics when choosing a variety Varietal performance dala are presented in Tables 1-1 4 Varie ties now commonly grown are Barsoy and Volbar

10

WI NTER O AT VARI ETIES

Winter oals are the least win terhardy of the winter grains Early seeding good fertilization practices and planting on weUmiddotdrained soils are recommended 10 minimize winter killing Winter oats are also excellent for grazing and silage Performance of the winter oat varielies is presented in Tables 15-17 Varieties now commonly grown are Compact Norline and Walken The variety KenoaL formerly tested as KY 67-695 was released by the University of Kentucky in 1981

SPRING OAT VAR IETI ES

The on ly small grain suitable for spring seeding by fa rmers in Kentucky is spring oats Spring oats are used mainly for hay or silage and as a companion crop fo r grasses and legumes Grain and forage yields o f spring oats are lower than those of the winter oal varieties when yields of wi nter oats are nol severely reduced f rom win ter killing or disease Two spring oat varieties (O tee and Jaycee) are common ly grown because of their higher level of resistance to Barley Yellow Dwarf Virus (oat red leaf) Performance data are li sted in Table 18

CERTIFI ED SEED

Planting certified seed is one of Ihe first steps in ensuring a good small grain crop The extra cost of cert ified seed is justified in view of the high quality of seed obtained Certified seed is seed wh ich has been grown in such a way as to ensure the genelic identi ty and purity of a variety Certif ied seed also helps to main tain freedom from weed and OIher crop seed and in some cases frecdom from disease The Kentucky Agri cultural Exper iment Station recommends thai Ken tucky-certified seed be used whenever possible for growing commercial crops of small grains

11

RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

Since genetic expression of a varicty is greatly influenced by environmental conditions it is best 10 have several years data from which to draw conclusions Performance of a variclY tested for only one year should not be compared with il 3-year average of another variety since it is possible thaI results in one of the other years were extremely good or poor and thus nOl comparable

Theyield of a variety is relative and should be compared with the yields of the other varieties in the same experiment and at the same location Small differences in yield of only a few bushels per acre between two varieties from an individual lest should not be inshyterpreted to indicate the superiori ty of one variety over another However if one variety consislCnliy oU I-yields another over a period of several years the chances are Ihat the differences are real

Lodging dala are vry difficult to interpret A high-yielding variety should nOI npcessarily be down-graded because of a high percentage of lodging for a given year and at a given location Local weather conditions such as wind and rain may cause a variety to lodge much more than it normally does Variety trials normally have a grealer degree of lodging than do farmer fields I should al so be emphasized that a varielY reported to he 50 lodged does nOI imply that only 50X o f the grain could be harvested Wjth good equi pment almost all of the sra in can often be saved lodging data for a period o f ycars should receive more consideration than annual lodging da ta since they will give a morc accurate picture of varietal performance

1981 TEST CONDITIONS

Favorable weather prevailed durin g Ih e fall of 1980 1f1d seedi ng of the 1981 crop was completed by a near norma l date The winter was un usually mild and consequently little winterki ll was observed Early warming in Ihe spring hastened the mat urity of th e small gra in crops and heading dates considerabl y earlier than usual were record ed l ittle spring freeze damage occurred howee r Above average precipitation in June followed by periods of stro ng winds resulted in severe lodging in cenain areas of Ihe state The harvest dates of the 1981 crop were earlier Ihan usual and the harvest was completed without undue delay

8

Heavy infestation of the head scab fungus and Seporia glume blotch were responsible for lower teSI weights and overall reduction in lteed quality Powdery mildew was in evidence as were Ian spot and loose smut litlle yield loss was attributed 10 these diseases

1980 TEST CONDITIONS

The 1980 crop was seeded at near normal limes and conditions in the fall of 1979 The winter season was also near normal with very lillie willler killing Unseasonably warm temperatures did occur forseveral days in January and February but the sma ll grain plan ts maintained their winler-hardened conditio n and survived subsequent cold weathe r Heading dates were earl ier than normal bUI spring freeze damage did not occur Cooler than normal temperatures in May and June helped to alleviate below normal precipita tion Harvest was accomplished without unusual weather related delays

Head scab disease caused considerable damage to lale heading whea t Scab was most severe in wheat planted in no-till corn fields where the above-ground corn residue served as a scab source Barley yellow dwarf wheat leaf rUSt wheat spindle streak mosaic virus wheat mildew and barley sca ld were observed but caused minimal yield losses Again Ihilt year the cereal leaf beetle continued 10 expand 115

terri lory bUI caused little yield loss

1979 TEST CONDITIONS

In COlllraSI to the 1977 fall seeding weather Ihe 1978 fall seeding weath(( was near ideal The first half of October was wet but the Imer half of October and the first half of November were molttly wdrm and dry allowing good development of the small grams The second half of November Wil5 cooler and wetter than normal December had mild lCmperatures with above normal precipitation causing floods Only a trace of snow occurred in December January was coldCr and weller than normal averaging almosl9 d(grE~s below normal making it Ihe fjfth coldes JanuMY on record February was also cold(r and w(lIcr than norma with temperatures about 8 degrees below normal lnd one inch plus of precipitation above normal December Through rebruary was the seventh coldest winler on record

9

March was about 6 degrees above normal with three i nches below normal precipitation Cool wet conditions prevailed through April and May causing the spring of 1979 to be the la test on record Precipitation and temperature averaged above normal for the month of June The greater than normal winter rainfall kepI soi ls in a high moisture condilion and resu lted in more plan heaving damage than usual This was true for all small grains bu t was especially severe in barley The plant heaving and lolder than normal winter tempera shytures resulted in severe winter killi ng of barley and oats in some areas of the state Winter killing of whea t was only slight (less than SX) bu t the weI spring caused some 10cl ized water damage areas Many wheat diseases occurreU bUI wheat spindle Slreak mosaic virus was the most severe infection recorded since 1974 Scab on wheal and barley was frequent ly observed in many f ields

The prevalence of the ccrcilllcltlf beetle conti nued to increasc M ost plan ts in the spring oat test Jt lexi ngton had their flag leaves destroyed by bectle feedi ng

SMA LL C RAIN VARIETIES FOR 1982

Varie ties eligible for ccrtification include (1 ) varieties tha t may have potential fo r Kentucky and (2) older va rieti es that arc st i ll acceptable for production in Kentucky The characteristics of the small grain varieties arc summarized in Tables 3 and 10

SOFT RED WINTER WHEAT VARtETI ES

Kentuckys climate and soils are well sui ted fo r he production of high quality soft red winter wheal No sing le variety has all the desirable characteristics but elch has ce rt ain advantages Yielding ability straw strength height carli ness grain qlJJl il y and di ~ (ase resistance are important in choosi ng a variety Varietal performance is presented in Tables 4-9 Arthur and Abe are the twO most widely grown varieties though the acreage pla nted 10 Hart increased

WINTER HARLEY VARIETIES

Winter barleys are less wintcrhardy than winle r wheal bu t more hardy Ihan wintel oa ls The degree of winterhardincss Straw strength and maturity are important characterist ics when choosing a variety Varietal performance dala are presented in Tables 1-1 4 Varie ties now commonly grown are Barsoy and Volbar

10

WI NTER O AT VARI ETIES

Winter oals are the least win terhardy of the winter grains Early seeding good fertilization practices and planting on weUmiddotdrained soils are recommended 10 minimize winter killing Winter oats are also excellent for grazing and silage Performance of the winter oat varielies is presented in Tables 15-17 Varieties now commonly grown are Compact Norline and Walken The variety KenoaL formerly tested as KY 67-695 was released by the University of Kentucky in 1981

SPRING OAT VAR IETI ES

The on ly small grain suitable for spring seeding by fa rmers in Kentucky is spring oats Spring oats are used mainly for hay or silage and as a companion crop fo r grasses and legumes Grain and forage yields o f spring oats are lower than those of the winter oal varieties when yields of wi nter oats are nol severely reduced f rom win ter killing or disease Two spring oat varieties (O tee and Jaycee) are common ly grown because of their higher level of resistance to Barley Yellow Dwarf Virus (oat red leaf) Performance data are li sted in Table 18

CERTIFI ED SEED

Planting certified seed is one of Ihe first steps in ensuring a good small grain crop The extra cost of cert ified seed is justified in view of the high quality of seed obtained Certified seed is seed wh ich has been grown in such a way as to ensure the genelic identi ty and purity of a variety Certif ied seed also helps to main tain freedom from weed and OIher crop seed and in some cases frecdom from disease The Kentucky Agri cultural Exper iment Station recommends thai Ken tucky-certified seed be used whenever possible for growing commercial crops of small grains

11

March was about 6 degrees above normal with three i nches below normal precipitation Cool wet conditions prevailed through April and May causing the spring of 1979 to be the la test on record Precipitation and temperature averaged above normal for the month of June The greater than normal winter rainfall kepI soi ls in a high moisture condilion and resu lted in more plan heaving damage than usual This was true for all small grains bu t was especially severe in barley The plant heaving and lolder than normal winter tempera shytures resulted in severe winter killi ng of barley and oats in some areas of the state Winter killing of whea t was only slight (less than SX) bu t the weI spring caused some 10cl ized water damage areas Many wheat diseases occurreU bUI wheat spindle Slreak mosaic virus was the most severe infection recorded since 1974 Scab on wheal and barley was frequent ly observed in many f ields

The prevalence of the ccrcilllcltlf beetle conti nued to increasc M ost plan ts in the spring oat test Jt lexi ngton had their flag leaves destroyed by bectle feedi ng

SMA LL C RAIN VARIETIES FOR 1982

Varie ties eligible for ccrtification include (1 ) varieties tha t may have potential fo r Kentucky and (2) older va rieti es that arc st i ll acceptable for production in Kentucky The characteristics of the small grain varieties arc summarized in Tables 3 and 10

SOFT RED WINTER WHEAT VARtETI ES

Kentuckys climate and soils are well sui ted fo r he production of high quality soft red winter wheal No sing le variety has all the desirable characteristics but elch has ce rt ain advantages Yielding ability straw strength height carli ness grain qlJJl il y and di ~ (ase resistance are important in choosi ng a variety Varietal performance is presented in Tables 4-9 Arthur and Abe are the twO most widely grown varieties though the acreage pla nted 10 Hart increased

WINTER HARLEY VARIETIES

Winter barleys are less wintcrhardy than winle r wheal bu t more hardy Ihan wintel oa ls The degree of winterhardincss Straw strength and maturity are important characterist ics when choosing a variety Varietal performance dala are presented in Tables 1-1 4 Varie ties now commonly grown are Barsoy and Volbar

10

WI NTER O AT VARI ETIES

Winter oals are the least win terhardy of the winter grains Early seeding good fertilization practices and planting on weUmiddotdrained soils are recommended 10 minimize winter killing Winter oats are also excellent for grazing and silage Performance of the winter oat varielies is presented in Tables 15-17 Varieties now commonly grown are Compact Norline and Walken The variety KenoaL formerly tested as KY 67-695 was released by the University of Kentucky in 1981

SPRING OAT VAR IETI ES

The on ly small grain suitable for spring seeding by fa rmers in Kentucky is spring oats Spring oats are used mainly for hay or silage and as a companion crop fo r grasses and legumes Grain and forage yields o f spring oats are lower than those of the winter oal varieties when yields of wi nter oats are nol severely reduced f rom win ter killing or disease Two spring oat varieties (O tee and Jaycee) are common ly grown because of their higher level of resistance to Barley Yellow Dwarf Virus (oat red leaf) Performance data are li sted in Table 18

CERTIFI ED SEED

Planting certified seed is one of Ihe first steps in ensuring a good small grain crop The extra cost of cert ified seed is justified in view of the high quality of seed obtained Certified seed is seed wh ich has been grown in such a way as to ensure the genelic identi ty and purity of a variety Certif ied seed also helps to main tain freedom from weed and OIher crop seed and in some cases frecdom from disease The Kentucky Agri cultural Exper iment Station recommends thai Ken tucky-certified seed be used whenever possible for growing commercial crops of small grains

11

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Table 9- Wheal Pe rformance Trials for No rth Centrol l Region 1979middot811

u rbullbullbull 110lt U~ INO un _ LNG JJ1 _ INO 1)7 _

~ ~ M bullbull to 4 T ble 10-Ch rule ristics of 8arle y nd 011 Varieties Tested in 1981 -u_ ~ 51 toO t bull bull bull ~-

IoUl1 bull ~U

- raquo bull raquo M to H bull bull bull n _ orbullbull tMJlo 1M - shy

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~ M

(0) bull raquo n gtI bull bull bull - ~- U _u u 01 1000 41 4 J Itlt bull bull WIab1o M M )1 11 -shy ~- ~ - 14

11

on )t T )J WW II

on bull M 1 bull bull t cbullbullu u bull -_ __eo ~- bullbullbull N

n 111 raquobull bull _ H te un n

bullbullw u raquo bull -_ -- -~ ~shy It _ It _ - -_- ~ -- - U Il - _1- ~ J bull ~ raquo raquo M M U ISI u- raquo bullM

~

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bullbullbull - raquo 100 U _u gton ~- ~ 00I00 raquo raquo ~ M u bullbull11 PM-IU

raquo M U )1 bullbullbull -- bullbullbull _ac_ raquo raquo bullbull _ n~

raquo M - IT _h IOGl 0 ~- M u raquoraquo raquo M - - UI_ JI1 - raquo n raquo ~

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(continued) ~

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Tilble 4-Wheal Performance Trials for Purchase Region 1979-81

qooo M n In_ _ INI I U _ gtIll lNO 1919 _

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Table 9- Wheal Pe rformance Trials for No rth Centrol l Region 1979middot811

u rbullbullbull 110lt U~ INO un _ LNG JJ1 _ INO 1)7 _

~ ~ M bullbull to 4 T ble 10-Ch rule ristics of 8arle y nd 011 Varieties Tested in 1981 -u_ ~ 51 toO t bull bull bull ~-

IoUl1 bull ~U

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(0) bull raquo n gtI bull bull bull - ~- U _u u 01 1000 41 4 J Itlt bull bull WIab1o M M )1 11 -shy ~- ~ - 14

11

on )t T )J WW II

on bull M 1 bull bull t cbullbullu u bull -_ __eo ~- bullbullbull N

n 111 raquobull bull _ H te un n

bullbullw u raquo bull -_ -- -~ ~shy It _ It _ - -_- ~ -- - U Il - _1- ~ J bull ~ raquo raquo M M U ISI u- raquo bullM

~

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bullbullbull - raquo 100 U _u gton ~- ~ 00I00 raquo raquo ~ M u bullbull11 PM-IU

raquo M U )1 bullbullbull -- bullbullbull _ac_ raquo raquo bullbull _ n~

raquo M - IT _h IOGl 0 ~- M u raquoraquo raquo M - - UI_ JI1 - raquo n raquo ~

M_ ~ IlllMl In bullbullbull M -shy u M

(continued) ~

~ bull u

u raquo raquo

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JJ _ u _ _ 1 _ _ I 111_11lt_ MO IU_ HI 1110__ _ 11 _ (I~ __1_ to

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Table 9- Wheal Pe rformance Trials for No rth Centrol l Region 1979middot811

u rbullbullbull 110lt U~ INO un _ LNG JJ1 _ INO 1)7 _

~ ~ M bullbull to 4 T ble 10-Ch rule ristics of 8arle y nd 011 Varieties Tested in 1981 -u_ ~ 51 toO t bull bull bull ~-

IoUl1 bull ~U

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~ M

(0) bull raquo n gtI bull bull bull - ~- U _u u 01 1000 41 4 J Itlt bull bull WIab1o M M )1 11 -shy ~- ~ - 14

11

on )t T )J WW II

on bull M 1 bull bull t cbullbullu u bull -_ __eo ~- bullbullbull N

n 111 raquobull bull _ H te un n

bullbullw u raquo bull -_ -- -~ ~shy It _ It _ - -_- ~ -- - U Il - _1- ~ J bull ~ raquo raquo M M U ISI u- raquo bullM

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bullbullbull - raquo 100 U _u gton ~- ~ 00I00 raquo raquo ~ M u bullbull11 PM-IU

raquo M U )1 bullbullbull -- bullbullbull _ac_ raquo raquo bullbull _ n~

raquo M - IT _h IOGl 0 ~- M u raquoraquo raquo M - - UI_ JI1 - raquo n raquo ~

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(continued) ~

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Table 9- Wheal Pe rformance Trials for No rth Centrol l Region 1979middot811

u rbullbullbull 110lt U~ INO un _ LNG JJ1 _ INO 1)7 _

~ ~ M bullbull to 4 T ble 10-Ch rule ristics of 8arle y nd 011 Varieties Tested in 1981 -u_ ~ 51 toO t bull bull bull ~-

IoUl1 bull ~U

- raquo bull raquo M to H bull bull bull n _ orbullbull tMJlo 1M - shy

-~ raquo u )J 1 bull bull bull bull w nJ bull lt ~ -_ raquo bull bull J7 100 J bull bull bull ~shy ~ ~ 0 u raquo bull ~ ~ - J~ bull ~- ~

~ M

(0) bull raquo n gtI bull bull bull - ~- U _u u 01 1000 41 4 J Itlt bull bull WIab1o M M )1 11 -shy ~- ~ - 14

11

on )t T )J WW II

on bull M 1 bull bull t cbullbullu u bull -_ __eo ~- bullbullbull N

n 111 raquobull bull _ H te un n

bullbullw u raquo bull -_ -- -~ ~shy It _ It _ - -_- ~ -- - U Il - _1- ~ J bull ~ raquo raquo M M U ISI u- raquo bullM

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bullbullbull - raquo 100 U _u gton ~- ~ 00I00 raquo raquo ~ M u bullbull11 PM-IU

raquo M U )1 bullbullbull -- bullbullbull _ac_ raquo raquo bullbull _ n~

raquo M - IT _h IOGl 0 ~- M u raquoraquo raquo M - - UI_ JI1 - raquo n raquo ~

M_ ~ IlllMl In bullbullbull M -shy u M

(continued) ~

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u raquo raquo

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Table 9- Wheal Pe rformance Trials for No rth Centrol l Region 1979middot811

u rbullbullbull 110lt U~ INO un _ LNG JJ1 _ INO 1)7 _

~ ~ M bullbull to 4 T ble 10-Ch rule ristics of 8arle y nd 011 Varieties Tested in 1981 -u_ ~ 51 toO t bull bull bull ~-

IoUl1 bull ~U

- raquo bull raquo M to H bull bull bull n _ orbullbull tMJlo 1M - shy

-~ raquo u )J 1 bull bull bull bull w nJ bull lt ~ -_ raquo bull bull J7 100 J bull bull bull ~shy ~ ~ 0 u raquo bull ~ ~ - J~ bull ~- ~

~ M

(0) bull raquo n gtI bull bull bull - ~- U _u u 01 1000 41 4 J Itlt bull bull WIab1o M M )1 11 -shy ~- ~ - 14

11

on )t T )J WW II

on bull M 1 bull bull t cbullbullu u bull -_ __eo ~- bullbullbull N

n 111 raquobull bull _ H te un n

bullbullw u raquo bull -_ -- -~ ~shy It _ It _ - -_- ~ -- - U Il - _1- ~ J bull ~ raquo raquo M M U ISI u- raquo bullM

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bullbullbull - raquo 100 U _u gton ~- ~ 00I00 raquo raquo ~ M u bullbull11 PM-IU

raquo M U )1 bullbullbull -- bullbullbull _ac_ raquo raquo bullbull _ n~

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(continued) ~

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