Kenji Satake National Institute of Advanced Science...

Overview of

Coastal Paleoseismological Research

at Geological Survey of Japan

Overview of

Coastal Paleoseismological Research

at Geological Survey of Japan

Kenji Satake

National Institute of Advanced Science and Technology

Kenji Satake

National Institute of Advanced Science and Technology

Geological Survey of Japan

The 2004 Sumatra-Andaman EarthquakeThe 2004 Sumatra-Andaman Earthquake

R BilhamM OrtizK. SiehD. Natawidjaja


Coseismic Movement in Andaman Is.Coseismic Movement in Andaman Is.Uplift

Subsidence

Past


Marine Terraces on Myanmar coastMarine Terraces on Myanmar coast

-2000200400600800100012001400160018002000

0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800

Horizontal Distance, m

Elevation above Mean Tide

Level, cm

Lower Terrace

Middle Terrace

Upper Terrace

13 m

2924±21 yrBP3144±22 yrBP

タンドゥエ市

Uplift rate5-13m/3000 yrs= 2-4 mm/yr

Sittwe

23mm/y

-200

-100

0

100

200

300

400

500

600

0 50 100 150 200 250

Horizontal Distance, m

Elevation above Mean Tide

Level, cm

Upper

Lower 5mWave-cutTerrace

Middle2832±22 yrBP2960±20 yrBP

Socquet et al., 2006


Coastal Paleoseismological Study AreasCoastal Paleoseismological Study AreasCoastal Paleoseismological Study Areas

AndamanMyanmar

Nankai+Sagami Tr.

Kuril+Japan Tr.Cascadia

S. Chile


Earthquakes in ChileEarthquakes in Chile

1960 tsunami damage in Japan

~AD1100

~AD1300

AD1575

AD1960

Historical Earthquakes

1960 (Mw 9.5, Kanamori)1837 (M 8+, Lomnitz)1737 (M 7½ –8, Lomnitz)1575 (M 8½, Lomnitz) Cisternas et al. (2005 Nature)


1700 Cascadia Earthquake (Mw~9)1700 Cascadia Earthquake (Mw~9)


Cascadia, Chile and JapanCascadia, Chile and JapanCascadia, Chile and Japan


Hokkaido along Kuril TrenchHokkaido along Kuril TrenchHokkaido along Kuril Trench

Nanayama et al. (2003, Nature)


Postseismic Slip in 17 centuryPostseismic Slip in 17 century

Sawai et al., 2004


AD1611 Keicho AD869 Jogan

Sendai Plain along Japan TrenchSendai Plain along Japan Trench

~2000 yr BP

Tephra(10C)

Tsunamisand

Peat


Sagami TroughSagami Trough

Taisho (1923) Kanto Eq.

Interval ~500 yrs1923 (M7.9)1703 (M8.2)

Genroku (1703) Kanto Eq.Interval ~2000 yrs

Shishikura (2003)


Shizuoka Prefecture along Nankai Trough

Sedimentary structure of tsunami deposit 1854 Ansei Eq.

1707 Hoei Eq.1680 or 1699 storm1605 Keicho Eq.

1498 Meio Eq.

Survey site

flood and ebb deposits


Variability of Subduction Zone Eq.Variability of Subduction Zone Eq.


SummarySummary

1. The 2004 Sumatra-Andaman Eq. (Mw~9) occurred where only M<8 events were historically recorded.

2. Coastal paleoseismological studies indicate similar variability in eq. size at subduction zones in Chile, Cascadia and Japan (Kuril trench, Sagami and Nankai troughs).

3. The interval of such giant, or multi-segment events are 300 to 500 yrs.

4. More studies are ongoing in Sendai Plain, along Nankai trough, Andaman Islands and Myanmar.

Satake, K. and B.F. AtwaterLong-term perspectives on giant earthquakes and tsunamis at subduction zonesAnnual Reviews of Earth and Planetary Sciences, 2007, in press.


Impact of Sumatra-Andaman EarthquakeImpact of Sumatra-Andaman Earthquake


Sagami trough: recurrenceSagami trough: recurrence

2700 y2700 y

2000 y2000 y

2200 y2200 y

Fault A~ 500 yrs for all data

Fault B2000 – 2700 yrs

Shishikura (2003)


Nankai TroughNankai Trough


Earthquake Recurrence along Kuril TrenchEarthquake Recurrence along Kuril TrenchEarthquake Recurrence along Kuril Trench

Kiritappu Marsh

1952 tsunami


Earthquake Recurrence along Kuril TrenchEarthquake Recurrence along Kuril TrenchEarthquake Recurrence along Kuril Trench

1952 tsunami

17th century tsunami deposits


Paleoseismological FieldworkPaleoseismological FieldworkSampling by using Geosclicer and peat corer

Tephra(10C)

Tsunamisand

Peat


Evidence of past upliftEvidence of past uplift

Level 4 = 214 ± 2.5 cm

Level 6 = 228 ± 2.1 cmLevel 5 = 221 ± 2.1 cm

Level 1 = 153 ± 2.3 cm = 2004.12 Earthquake

Level 3 = 177 ± 6.9 cm

Level 2 = 163 ± 1.5 cm

Height above LLW n=3-11

Kenji Satake National Institute of Advanced Science...

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