Kemal Kılıç - Younger People and Political Parties

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Workshop on the Political

Participation of Young People

Younger People and Political Parties

Kemal Kılıç

Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Sabancı University, Istanbul, Turkey

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• Participation of Younger People to “Old” Politics

– Literature in Turkey

– Survey Results

• Participation of Younger People “New” Politics

– Who were there?

– Who were not?

• Discussion Question

Content

Participating

Old Politics

- Literature

Participating

Old Politics

-Survey

Perceptions

of Old Politics

Obstacles for

Participation

New Politics

Left out?

Content

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• Membership to an organization (NGO, Labour Unions, Political

Parties, etc.) is 7%.

• Those that state that they are interested with politics is 31%.

• Those that participate a meeting or a demonstration is below 5%.

Participating to Politics (General)

(Ersin Kalaycıoğlu, ,“Türkiye’de Demokrasi’nin Pekişmesi: Bir Siyasal Kültür Sorunu”, Serap

Yazıcı, Kemal Gözler, Fuat Keyman (der.) Özbudun’a Armağan / Essays in Honor of Ergun

Özbudun içinde, Ankara: Yetkin Yayınları, 2008 (Cilt I: Siyaset Bilimi), s. 252. )

Content

Participating

Old Politics

- Literature

Participating

Old Politics

-Survey

Perceptions

of Old Politics

Obstacles for

Participation

New Politics

Left out?

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Participating to Politics (Young People)

1999 2003 2008

Voting 61.5 52.6 48.0

Membership to a Political Party 10.0 8.3 9.0

Membership to a NGO 4.3 2.9 4.4

Working in a Political Campaign

(Home Visits)

6.7 4.1 5.5

Working in a Political Campaign

(Distributing Pamphlets)

8.1 5.3 5.3

Petition 20.6 10.2 7.3

Participating Political

Demonstrations

12.8 9.4 11.3

Online Protests 3.2 4.3 7.2

* Gençlerin Katılımı: 1999-2008, ARI Hareketi

Content

Participating

Old Politics

- Literature

Participating

Old Politics

-Survey

Perceptions

of Old Politics

Obstacles for

Participation

New Politics

Left out?

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• Principal Investigator: Prof. Dr. Yılmaz Esmer

• Scope: Young People (age 16-29) living in urban centers

• Sample: One city representing each one of the 12 NUTS-1

regions: Ankara, Antalya, Diyarbakır, Erzurum, İstanbul,

İzmir, Kayseri, Malatya, Samsun, Tekirdağ, Trabzon

• Dates: May – June 2007

• Sample Size: 1203

DETAILS OF THE SURVEY

Content

Participating

Old Politics

- Literature

Participating

Old Politics

-Survey

Perceptions

of Old Politics

Obstacles for

Participation

New Politics

Left out?

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DEMOGRAPHICS

Content

Participating

Old Politics

- Literature

Participating

Old Politics

-Survey

Perceptions

of Old Politics

Obstacles for

Participation

New Politics

Left out?

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DEMOGRAPHICS

Content

Participating

Old Politics

- Literature

Participating

Old Politics

-Survey

Perceptions

of Old Politics

Obstacles for

Participation

New Politics

Left out?

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Interest to Politics?

Very Close

Somewhat

Not Much

Not At All

Content

Participating

Old Politics

- Literature

Participating

Old Politics

-Survey

Perceptions

of Old Politics

Obstacles for

Participation

New Politics

Left out?

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Interest to Politics?

1 - Very Close

2 - Somewhat

3 - Not Much

4 - Not At All

Content

Participating

Old Politics

- Literature

Participating

Old Politics

-Survey

Perceptions

of Old Politics

Obstacles for

Participation

New Politics

Left out?

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Membership to Political Parties

Member (Active)

Member (Passive)

Not a Member (Participates)

Not a Member (Don’t Participate)

Content

Participating

Old Politics

- Literature

Participating

Old Politics

-Survey

Perceptions

of Old Politics

Obstacles for

Participation

New Politics

Left out?

Content

Participating

Old Politics

- Literature

Participating

Old Politics

-Survey

Perceptions

of Old Politics

Obstacles for

Participation

New Politics

Left out?

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Party Preference for Participating People (1,2 and 3)

Content

Participating

Old Politics

- Literature

Participating

Old Politics

-Survey

Perceptions

of Old Politics

Obstacles for

Participation

New Politics

Left out?

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How often talks politics with family?

Daily

Once a Week

Less Than Once a Week

Never

Content

Participating

Old Politics

- Literature

Participating

Old Politics

-Survey

Perceptions

of Old Politics

Obstacles for

Participation

New Politics

Left out?

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How often talks politics with family? (1, 2 and 3)

Content

Participating

Old Politics

- Literature

Participating

Old Politics

-Survey

Perceptions

of Old Politics

Obstacles for

Participation

New Politics

Left out?

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How often talks politics with friends?

Daily

Once a Week

Less Than Once a Week

Never

Content

Participating

Old Politics

- Literature

Participating

Old Politics

-Survey

Perceptions

of Old Politics

Obstacles for

Participation

New Politics

Left out?

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How often talks politics with friends? (1, 2 and 3)

Content

Participating

Old Politics

- Literature

Participating

Old Politics

-Survey

Perceptions

of Old Politics

Obstacles for

Participation

New Politics

Left out?

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Participation of Young People How often talks politics in NGOs, etc. /

www?

3 -Signing a Petition 14%

Content

Participating

Old Politics

- Literature

Participating

Old Politics

-Survey

Perceptions

of Old Politics

Obstacles for

Participation

New Politics

Left out?

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There is Corruption in Political Parties

Content

Participating

Old Politics

- Literature

Participating

Old Politics

-Survey

Perceptions

of Old Politics

Obstacles for

Participation

New Politics

Left out?

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I can’t Solve Any Problem by Working in a Party

Content

Participating

Old Politics

- Literature

Participating

Old Politics

-Survey

Perceptions

of Old Politics

Obstacles for

Participation

New Politics

Left out?

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The Political Parties are Managed Democratically

Content

Participating

Old Politics

- Literature

Participating

Old Politics

-Survey

Perceptions

of Old Politics

Obstacles for

Participation

New Politics

Left out?

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• Motivations:

• Family and Friends

• Role Models

• Ideals

• Pragmatic Expectations

• Obstacles:

• Family Pressure (Depolitization)

• Lack of Resources (Time and Money)

• Social Exclusion (Loosing Friends)

Motivations and Obstacles for Participation (Emre Erdoğan)

Content

Participating

Old Politics

- Literature

Participating

Old Politics

-Survey

Perceptions

of Old Politics

Obstacles for

Participation

New Politics

Left out?

(Emre Erdoğan,“Türk Gençliği ve Siyasal Partilere Katılım”, Cemil Boyraz (der.) Gençler

Tartışıyor: Siyasete Katılım, Sorunlar ve Çözümler, İstanbul: TÜSES Yayınları, 2010, sayfa 67)

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• Politics is corrupted!

– Therefore they don’t want to engage with

something “dirty” (bulaşmak?) with politics.

• Politics is solid!

– No hope to change itself and change the

world with it.

• Political organization structures are not

welcoming!

Reasons for Low Level Participation (Demet Lüküslü)

Content

Participating

Old Politics

- Literature

Participating

Old Politics

-Survey

Perceptions

of Old Politics

Obstacles for

Participation

New Politics

Left out?

(Demet Lüküslü,“Gençlerin Siyaset Algıları ve Deneyimleri: Yeni Bir Siyaset Modeli Üzerinde

Düşünmek”, Cemil Boyraz (der.) Gençler Tartışıyor: Siyasete Katılım, Sorunlar ve Çözümler,

İstanbul: TÜSES Yayınları, 2010, sayfa 67)

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• Political activity in opposition…

– No need to govern, “Let them do, what we want!”

– Concept based mobility

– Everybody is a minority

– Pluralism as opposed to majority rules

– Data/Information based decisions as opposed to

“I decided as such”

– New faces, new rhetoric and new perspective!

Kahrolsun Bağzı Şeyler!

Content

Participating

Old Politics

- Literature

Participating

Old Politics

-Survey

Perceptions

of Old Politics

Obstacles for

Participation

New Politics

Left out?

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Kahrolsun Bağzı Şeyler! (KONDA SURVEY)

Content

Participating

Old Politics

- Literature

Participating

Old Politics

-Survey

Perceptions

of Old Politics

Obstacles for

Participation

New Politics

Left out?

• 400 interviews every

2 hours ( Total 30

hours and 4411

interviews)

• 6 and 7 June 2013

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KONDA SURVEY – Education Level

Content

Participating

Old Politics

- Literature

Participating

Old Politics

-Survey

Perceptions

of Old Politics

Obstacles for

Participation

New Politics

Left out?

5

6

2

3

3

40

38

6

14

14

35

25

27

43

13

11

13

1

1

0 50 100

Gezi

İstanbul

Türkiye

Okuryazar değil Diplomasız okur İlkokul mezunuOrtaokul mezunu Lise mezunu Üniversite mezunu

Yüksek lisans / Doktora

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KONDA SURVEY – Fathers Education Level

Content

Participating

Old Politics

- Literature

Participating

Old Politics

-Survey

Perceptions

of Old Politics

Obstacles for

Participation

New Politics

Left out?

13

16

7

8

19

58

55

10

9

8

28

9

9

33

4

3

6

0 50 100

Gezi

İstanbul

Türkiye

Okuryazar değil Diplomasız okur İlkokul mezunuOrtaokul mezunu Lise mezunu Üniversite mezunuYüksek lisans / Doktora

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Which Part of the City?

Kadıköy %13

Şişli %11

Beşiktaş %7

Üsküdar %6

Fatih %5

Beyoğlu %5

Sarıyer %5

Bakırköy %4

Bahçelievler %4

Ataşehir %4

Maltepe %3 Kağıthane %3

Küçükçekmece %2

Avcılar %2

Kartal %2

Eyüp %2

Beylikdüzü %2 Ümraniye %2 Başakşehir %2

Güngören %1

Pendik %1

Beykoz %1

Çekmeköy %1

Sultangazi %1

Bayrampaşa %1

Büyükçekmece %1

Esenler %1

Esenyurt %1

Sancaktepe %0,4

Tuzla % 0,4

Sultanbeyli %0,3

Şile % 0,1

Adalar %0,1

Silivri % 0,1

Bağcılar %1

Gaziosmanpaşa %2

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Who they were not?

Content

Participating

Old Politics

- Literature

Participating

Old Politics

-Survey

Perceptions

of Old Politics

Obstacles for

Participation

New Politics

Left out?

Çalışıyor; 52

Öğrenci; 37

Emekli; 3

Ev kadını; 2

İşsiz veya

çalışamaz

halde; 6

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Who they were not?

Content

Participating

Old Politics

- Literature

Participating

Old Politics

-Survey

Perceptions

of Old Politics

Obstacles for

Participation

New Politics

Left out?

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Who they were not?

Content

Participating

Old Politics

- Literature

Participating

Old Politics

-Survey

Perceptions

of Old Politics

Obstacles for

Participation

New Politics

Left out?

Çalışıyor; 52

Öğrenci; 37

Emekli; 3

Ev kadını; 2

İşsiz veya

çalışamaz

halde; 6

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Level of Censorship in Turkey…

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Level of Censorship in Turkey…

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TEŞEKKÜRLER!

?

Kaynakça

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• Principal Investigator: Prof. Dr. Yılmaz Esmer

• Scope: Young People (age 16-29) living in urban centers

• Sample: One city representing each one of the 12 NUTS-1

regions: Ankara, Antalya, Diyarbakır, Erzurum, İstanbul,

İzmir, Kayseri, Malatya, Samsun, Tekirdağ, Trabzon

• Dates: May – June 2007

• Sample Size: 1203

DETAILS OF THE SURVEY

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Kemal Kılıç - Younger People and Political Parties

Education

Transcript of Kemal Kılıç - Younger People and Political Parties